mahdieh yousefzadeh

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive- behavior therapy (CBT) and schema therapy (ST) on the reduction of cognitive error of pain catastrophizing and increase of pain self- efficacy of Tehranian patients with chronic back pain.

The present study was aquasi-experimental design that conducted in the form of pretest, post-test and 2 months follow-up with control group. In this study, 35 patients with chronic low back pain who were referred to pain specific clinic of Akhtar and Imam Hussein hospitals (AS) and neurosurgery clinic of Imam Hussein hospitals (AS) in Tehran, were selected with purposive sampling method (non-probabilistic). All patients completed Chronic Pain Questionnaire, Catastrophizing subscale of Coping Strategies Questionnaire, Pain Self Efficacy Questionnaire in the pre-test, post-test and 2months follow-up. In addition, the schema therapy group completed the 90-Item Short Form of Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) apart from the mentioned questionnaires. Mixed effect regression model using SPSS software was used to analyzing the data.

The results showed that cognitive-behavior therapy significantly reduced catastrophizing cognitive error whereas schema therapy did not have significant impact on the scores of catastrophizing cognitive error. Also cognitive-behavior therapy significantly increased pain self- efficacy and schema therapy noticeably increased pain self- efficacy and there was no significant difference between two methods in terms of impact on pain self- efficacy.

According to the result᾿s of present study, cognitive-behavior therapy decrease negative automatic thoughts such as catastrophizing and increase pain self-efficacyin chronic pain patients and schema therapy has acceptable influence on increase pain self- efficacy in chronic pain patients. Therefore probably both two treatment methods can be used as appropriate treatment methods in chronic pain patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of schema therapy on maladaptive schemas of Tehranian patients with chronic low back pain. This study was group quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-testand follow-up. Thus 10 patients with chronic low back pain who were referred to pain specialized clinic or neurosurgery clinic of Akhtarand Imam Hussein Hospitals (AS) in Tehran, were selected with purposive sampling method (non-probabilistic). All patients completed the 90-Item Short Form of Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) in the pre-test, post-test and a 2 months follow-up. The results of Friedman test &Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that schema therapy significantly reduced the scores of maladaptive schemas in post-test and this reduction was remained in the follow-up, while, there was no significant reduction between schema scores in post-test and follow-up period. According the results of this study the schema therapy can be used as appropriate treatment method to reduce maladaptive schemas in patients with chronic pain and probably provide secondary prevention of pain consequences in chronic pain patients.

Aim and Depression is one of the most common comorbidities of chronic pains such as chronic back pain and is the cause of limitations in the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) in individuals with chronic pain. The existence of similar limitations and problems in cognitive-behavioral programs for the treatment of depression has caused a growing trend in the use of schema therapy by researchers in this regard. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of CBT and schema therapy on the reduction of depression in Iranian patients with chronic low back pain.
Methods and Materials: The present clinical trial was conducted with a quasi-experimental design, pretest-posttest, fallow-up, and control group. In this study, 35 patients with chronic low back pain who were referred to pain specific clinics or neurosurgery clinics of Akhtar Hospital and Imam Hussein Hospital (AS) in Tehran, Iran, were selected through purposive sampling method. All patients completed the Chronic Pain Questionnaire, and Depression Subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) in the pretest, posttest, and 2 months follow-up stages. Moreover, the schema therapy group completed the 90-Item Short Form of Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) in addition to the mentioned questionnaires. Mixed effect regression model was used in SPSS software to investigate the efficacy of the two therapy methods on the reduction of depression in patients with chronic back pain.
Findings: Results showed that CBT (P Both CBT and schema therapy are effective in improving symptoms of depression in patients with chronic low back pain and can be used as appropriate treatment methods in patients with chronic pain and depression.