فهرست مطالب mahdiyeh hashemi

Pottery, as the oldest human application industry, has a variety of products. One of the most famous and widely used products in the pottery industry in the past is called Albarello. Albarello considered by pottery artists of various lands, including 15th century European artists, as a medicine vessel and a widely used product. One of the most important centers of Albarello construction in the 15th century is Valencia, Spain. Spain in the Middle Ages was part of the great realm of Islam, and importantly, the culture and works of European pottery, especially Albarello, in this period are influenced by Spanish artists and craftsmen of this period. Due to this, the present study is a study that has been done to identify the decorative motifs and form of the Spanish Albarello and how they relate to Islamic art. This research has been done descriptively and analytically and using the library method and in this study, the studied specimens are Albarello belonging to the 15th century and are preserved in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The findings of this study indicate that the forms of these Albarellos are divided into two categories, in terms of decorative patterns include geometric and plant motifs. These motifs are influenced by Islamic art and are executed in accordance with the use of utensils. They are also influenced by the pottery of the eastern part of the Islamic realm in terms of form.

The works of art in the Islamic world have different meanings according to the conditions and tendencies of the artists’ thoughts and their supporters. Sometimes these works express a code retrieved from the dominant mystical thoughts at the time of the work’s creation. These works contain a code with a specific value in each layer of their meanings. This research aims to show the semiotic role of Simurgh in the portal of Divan Beigi School of Bukhara, which answered the following two questions using layered semiotics and according to the thoughts of Islamic mystics and mythological concepts of this role: Based on the science of layered semiotics, what are the meaning and the role of Simorgh at the portal of Divan Beigi school. And what are the competitive factors in the formation of Simurgh’s images at the entrance portal of this school? The present research has investigated the two pictures of Simurgh in the entrance portal of the Divan Beigi School of Bukhara using descriptive and analytical methods. The information has been collected using library sources. The results of the present research show that the Simurgh and its adjacent motifs at the portal of Nader Divan Beigi school contain signs influenced by the intellectual thoughts of the supporters of the school and the dominant thinking approach in the society and its elites. By examining the symbol of Simurgh with the help of the dominant mystical literature and the prevailing thought in society, it was concluded that Simurgh is considered a mythical bird in the sky in its explicit meanings. Meanwhile, implicitly, it has a high religious and mystical dignity, and in the human sense, it is the best example of a person in society.

Muslim miniature painters have taken on the issue of veiling in drawing up the faces and organs of women and men in a variety of ways. In the illustration of Shahnama in the Islamic era, despite his ancient stories, the issue of Women’s clothing has been raised. The miniature painters of the illustrated Shahnamas in the Safavid era have not treated the issue of Women’s clothing alike. The present study was to compare the veil of women in the miniature painting “Zal and Roodabeh's visit” to the Shahnamas of the Safavid era with the question of which of the miniature painting, the Women’s clothing has been more adhered to. The type of paper is fundamental and its method is descriptive-analytic and the necessary information is from library sources, and the observation of the Artworks is aimed at achieving the observance of religious orders among Safavid era painters. And recognizing the religious commitment of the artist to illustration has made this research necessary. According to the findings, in the miniature painting, belong to the version of the Shah Abbas II era, Due to the full body and head coverage, which is influenced by the fatwa of the Jurisconsult, the Women’s clothing has been observed more.