فهرست مطالب mahmood araei

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between religiosity and cigarette smoking in male adolescents. The statistical population of this study includes male senior high school students in Tehran. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select 290 students who filled out Golak and Stark Religiosity Questionnaire (1965) and Firoozabadi Nicotine addiction questionnaire (2016) to collect information. Data was analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed a significant correlation between religiosity and cigarette addiction. The correlation between total score of religiosity and cigarette addiction is inverse (-0.360) such that the more religious an individual is, the lower their cigarette addiction rate is. The results of multiple regression analysis indicate that religiosity dimensions, except for experience dimension, can predict cigarette addiction.

Drug abuse among adolescents is currently one of the health, social and economic issues across the world, which directly affects their health (Delavari Heravi et al., 2005). Drug abuse starts in many people at high school, therefore, one of the most important ways to reduce drug abuse in adulthood is to control it in adolescence. Studies show that most adolescents start using drugs around the age of 12 or 13. Researchers argue that adolescents start using legal substances such as tobacco and then turn to illegal substances such as alcohol, inhalants and marijuana (Pumariega et al., 2005). Many researchers believe that faith and religiosity can help individuals deal with emotions and social conditions. Besides, religiosity is correlated with several mental health indicators; for example, religious people turn to delinquency, drug and alcohol abuse, divorce and suicide less frequently than non-religious people (Diener et al., 2002: 82). Some factors affect drug abuse as protective factors and others as risk factors. One of the protective factors is religiosity, reported in some studies (Wills et al., 2003: 24) as a shield against drug dependence. Recent studies on the relationship between religiosity and the tendency to smoke in adolescents in Iran have been conducted mostly with study populations of university students and adults, and most studies have focused on religiosity with other issues (identity crisis, lifestyle, etc.). Therefore, given the importance of this subject and its potential impact on committing high-risk behaviors such as the tendency to smoke, this study was conducted to investigate the role of religiosity in the tendency to smoke among male adolescents in Tehran.

The research method in this descriptive study was correlational, which is classified as applied research. The study population consisted of all male students aged 15 to 18 in Tehran (n = 364,118 according to the statistics of the General Directorate of Education of Tehran province). The sample size was considered to be 290 given the study population and using Cochran's Formula. After determining the sample size, cluster-random sampling method was used to select the participants. In the current study, first one district was randomly selected from among different districts in Tehran using multi-stage cluster method, and then three schools were randomly selected in each district to administer the questionnaire, and then the Religiosity Questionnaire (Glock and Stark, 1965) and the Nicotine Addiction Questionnaire were randomly distributed among the students of selected schools. Finally, after exclusion of 12 incomplete questionnaires, 278 questionnaires entered data analysis. Religiosity Scale (Glock and Stark, 1965) has 26 items and is used to measure the level of religiosity in four dimensions: belief, practice, experience and consequences. The alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire has been reported to be 0.83 (Ahankoobnejad, 2010: 4). The alpha coefficient has been reported as 0.81 for belief dimension, 0.75 for experience dimension, 0.72 for consequences dimension and 0.83 for practice dimension (Serajzadeh, 1995). The Nicotine Addiction Questionnaire (Firouzabadi et al., 2015) consists of five items and is aimed to investigate nicotine dependence. The internal validity of the whole scale was reported as 0.84 and its Cronbach's alpha as 0.84.

Out of the 290 participants, 38 (13.1%) were 15 years, 65 (22.4%) 16 years, 113 (39%) 17 years, and 61 (21%) 18 years and 12 individuals (4.5%) did not answer the item on age.In Table 1, based on the obtained correlation coefficients, the correlation between the overall score of religiosity and nicotine addiction is inverse (-0.360), and therefore it can be argued that people with higher religiosity have lower nicotine addiction (p<0.01).  Also, the correlation of nicotine addiction with belief, consequences and practice dimensions as well as with the total score of religiosity was significant and inverse (p<0.01). The correlation between nicotine addiction and the experience dimension of religiosity was also not significant (p<0.05).Table 2 shows the results of multiple regression analysis for predicting nicotine addiction through religiosity dimensions.Given that the value of the tolerance statistic is greater than the cut-off value of 0.1 and the variance inflation factor (VIF) which is less than the cut-off value of 10, it is concluded that the assumption of collinearity has not been violated. The value of the standardized regression coefficient (Beta) was obtained -0.172 for belief dimension, 0.146 for experience dimension,-0.268 for consequences dimension and -0.182 for practice dimension, showing that the consequences dimension had the greatest impact and the experience dimension had the least impact in predicting the tendency to smoke among male students aged 15 to 18. With regard to the significance level of the obtained t-statistic, the hypothesis of the research is confirmed and we conclude that the dimensions of religiosity can predict the tendency to smoke.

The tendency to smoke is a social problem and a destructive phenomenon that, as with other social deviations, destroys the most valuable assets of the country, i.e. adolescents and young people. The results of data analysis revealed a relationship between religiosity and nicotine addiction among adolescents. These results also showed that adolescents with high levels of religiosity had a comparably lower level of nicotine addiction. This finding can be explained in that, in general, people who have strong religious tendencies have more mental strength in adverse situations, and they evaluate problems as positive and meaningful in most cases, and consequently, they will feel better; as a result, they have higher mental health and are less vulnerable to the stress due to problems.

Attention to things such as; The method of selection and special choice of judges, their special position and dignity compared to other professions, the significant impact on the creation of judicial procedure and legal doctrine ,.. ; and the existence of problems such as; Procrastination of proceedings, high volume of cases, lack of knowledge of some judges, ... in the judicial system, on the other hand, shows the need for judicial authorities to pay attention to the issue of judges' compensation system as one of the serious concerns of this authority.Based on this, the current research was conducted with the aim of developing a model of the compensation system for judges and validating it. The research design is qualitative and research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of how to collect information is a case study type. The participants included 15 experts and experienced judges of the judiciary with excellent resumes. The data was analyzed and coded with the help of MAXQDAv2020 software and by thematic analysis method, and to validate the research model, the acceptability indicators of Strauss and Corbin; The technique of visiting by members and the approach of self-review by the researcher have been used. The findings of the research show that the pattern of compensation for judges' services includes 2 overarching themes entitled compensation for financial services and compensation for non-financial services and 6 dimensions; Legal benefits, organizational benefits, rewards based on performance, development and learning, job relationships, environment and job and organizational conditions.

The establishment of justice in a country is primarily dependent on the health of the judiciary, and this directly depends on the health of its judges. In this regard, respecting the dignity of judges in the framework of a comprehensive service compensation system for the judicial system of the country is absolutely necessary and inevitable; Because it seems that the development of the compensation system policy for judges in the process of recruitment and employment, training and improvement, motivation and retention in line with the set strategic goals, is still one of the missing links. Based on this, the current research was conducted with the aim of developing a model of the compensation system for judges based on the requirements of training and improvement of human capital and its validation. The research design is qualitative and research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of how to collect information is a case study type. The participants included 15 experts and experienced judges of the judiciary with excellent resumes. Sampling was done with a purposeful snowball method and they were interviewed in a semi-structured way, The technique of visiting by members and the approach of self-review by the researcher have been used. The findings of the research showed that the most important dimensions of the compensation model for judges based on the requirements of training and human capital improvement are person-related motivators, performance-related motivators, job-related motivators, scientific motivators, and basic motivators.

The appropriateness of managerial skills of AJA managers in order to run and manage institutions and organizations can play a fundamental role in the success of organizations. The current research was done with the aim of identifying the competencies of AJA managers and providing a model to explain them. In this research, the "Sendelowski and Barroso" seven-step hybridization method was used Based on this, the research community is based on databases (Noor specialized journals (Noor Mags), the country's publications information bank (Magiran), Knowledge Reference (Civilica), Ganj base, and the Persian scientific search engine (Elmnet)) and domestic authoritative journals in this They formed a domain where 140 sources were found. Sampling was done based on meta-combination steps and 46 samples were selected based on pre-determined criteria. In order to analyze the data, open and axial coding was used, and in order to determine the reliability of the research data, the verification strategy of the research colleagues was used. During the process of analyzing and combining the findings, the competency model of AJA managers was formed by extracting 164 concepts, 28 categories and 8 dimensions (knowledge competence, value and moral competence, managerial competence, leadership competence, skill competence, behavioral competence, scholastic competence and insight competence).

The aim of this research is to investigation the distributed leadership and teacher’s knowledge sharing behaviors in public elementary schools of Tehran city. This way, according to the purpose and nature, functional and cross-correlation... The sample for the present study was multiple clusters selected from amongst the teachers of the public elementary schools (250 teachers). Two separate questionnaires on distributed leadership (Elmer, 2000) ‌ and knowledge sharing behaviors (Mogotsi & et. al., 2011) ‌ have been used for the collection of data. The collection data were analyzed by usingdescriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, one-sample t test and multiple linear regressions) .‌The results indicate that: There were significant relations between distributed leadership with teachers’ knowledge sharing behaviors. Multiple regression analysis show that among distributed leadership dimensions, school culture dimension accounted for the highest degree of variance in knowledge sharing behaviors.

Having up-to-date knowledge and information and innovative behavior in professors is one of the main concerns of university administrators. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of knowledge management on organizational innovation mediated by organizational learning among faculty members of a military university.

This is a descriptive-correlational study. The study population consisted of faculty members of a military university in Tehran in 2018. 110 people were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using three knowledge management questionnaires Gold, Malhotra and Segars, organizational innovation questionnaire (Jiménez-Jimenez and Peniades and Suhel et al) and Nife organizational learning questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Questionnaires were distributed among faculty members in different faculties of the university and after one week, they were collected. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis.

The correlation coefficient between knowledge management and organizational innovation was equal to 0.403 and between organizational learning and organizational innovation was equal to 0.433 (p=0.01). The positive correlation coefficients indicated that there is a direct relationship between these variables and indicates that with increasing knowledge management and organizational learning, the level of organizational innovation increases. Structural equation modeling also showed that organizational learning has a strong mediating role in the relationship between knowledge management and organizational innovation.

According to the research findings, university managers and military colleges can improve the knowledge management and organizational learning conditions leading to the development of innovative approach and behavior among faculty members and thereby increase in the efficiency of the university.

Equipping the committed and skilled human resources and continuous increase of their skills ensures the success of public organizations. Benefiting from job satisfaction, employees can use the correct and timely decisions to improve their financial assets and reduce corruption. This paper has used the descriptive and analytical methods to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and Corruption. Final results suggest that the recognition and enforcement of the factors affecting the promotion of job satisfaction such as Social and cultural factors (Culture of the society, Organizational Culture Education, Motivation and etc) Economic and political factors (Organizational situation in the country, Economic and administrative systems, The political system based on the transparency and participation in decision-making) Human factors and personality (Personality Characteristics of Managers, Access to scientific information, Use of specialized human resources) Administrative and organizational factors (Internal factors, Technology, Effective leadership and management and etc.) Can reduce corruption and consequently increase the productivity of the organization.