فهرست مطالب mahmood fazel bakhsheshi

Some studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise can reinforce antioxidant defensive system. To this end, the present study aimed to compare the effect of maximal and submaximal aerobic physical activity on saliva enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant indices in middle-aged women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 24 women (35-45 years, Weight: 67.41±5.03, Height: 161.83±2.98 and BMI: 25.74±2.01) were selected purposefully and voluntarily who were randomly categorized into two groups, Maximal Aerobic Physical Activity (MAPA) and Submaximal Physical Activity (SAPA) (n=12/group). SAPA were done with 50 to 70 percentage of heart rate reserve for 3 sessions/week for 6 weeks. To do MAPA, Bruce Protocol (seven stages for 3 minutes) was applied. It started with 10% incline and 1.7 miles/hour speed and continued with 2% increase for every 3 minutes until exhaustion, 3 sessions/week for 6 weeks. Required saliva samples were gathered before the first session and 24 hours after the last session of exercise to be applied to evaluate Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Malondialdehyde enzyme, and total antioxidant capacity. Data were analyzed using an independent T-test (P≤ 0.05).

Research results represented a significant difference in saliva enzyme indices for MAPA and SAPA groups: Catalase (PCAT= 0.003), Malondialdehyde (PMDA=0.001), and total antioxidant capacity (PTAC= 0.04). MAPA group showed higher average. In addition, the results indicated no significant difference in dismutase superoxide enzyme levels (PSOD=0.88) in MAPA and SAPA groups.

According to the reported results, it may be concluded that due to its ability to increase antioxidant enzyme secretion, MAPA is applied to cope with oxidative stress.

Research has shown that various exercises may have different effects on serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

In this quasi-experimental study, 16 non-athlete male students from Sistan and Baluchestan University were divided into two groups of 8 as control and training through simple randomization. The training group, performed 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training, in a 20-meter shuttle run for 30 seconds with a 90 percent maximum heart rate and 30 seconds active rest between each repetition was performed. BDNF values were measured 24 hours before and 48 hours after the first and last training sessions of exercise using ELISA method by commercial kits. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and t-paired test at p≤0.05level.

the findings showed that after 6 weeks, weight (p = 0.008) and body mass index (p = 0.005), decreased in high-intensity interval training group compared to control one, which was consistent with a significant increase in serum levels of BDNF (p = 0.031). While, none of the variables significantly changed in control group (p >0.05), in addition, there was a significant increase in serum contents of BDNF in HIIT group compared to control (p = 0.002).

Regarding the parameters of study, it can be concluded that high-intensity interval training improve BDNF through reduction in weight and BMI in inactive male students.

Scientific evidences indicate on beneficial effects of ginger on cardiovascular disease. This study was to investigate the effect of a short period of intense intermittent exercise and ginger on selected cardiovascular risk factors in male athletes.

The present quasi-experimental study performed on 46 male soccer players (40-50 years old) with pre-test and post-test design, divided into four groups as exercise (n=12), exercise and ginger (n=10), ginger (n=12) and control (n=12). Severe intermittent training was performed for four weeks, accompany with ginger (3,000 mg daily). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were measured in both pre-test and post-tests. To analyzing data, covariance analysis test with Bonferroni post hoc test and paired t-test were used in SPSS software.

Concurrent exercise and ginger intervention significantly decreased serum CRP (P=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.001) and resting systolic (P=0.001) compared to the control group. In addition, significant improvement in baseline serum CRP (P=0.04), systolic BP (P<0.001) and resting diastolic BP (P=0.001) was observed in the Ginger + exercise group after four weeks.

Concurrent ginger consumption and intensive aerobic exercise have a positive effect on cardiovascular risk factors and can be used as non-pharmacological solutions to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Researches has shown that exercise and nutrition exercises can have a different effect on serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF( levels and resting blood pressure in young people. This study was done to determine the effect of a period of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with omega-3 supplementation on the serum levels of BDNF and resting blood pressure in inactive male students.

In this clinical trail study, 32 non-athlete male students were randomly divided into control, supplements, training and training + supplement. Subjects in supplementary group were received daily (2000 mg) of omega-3 capsules. The training groups were also subjected to HIIT training for 6 weeks. The training + Supplemental group also included a combination of the same training program were associated with omega-3 supplementation. BDNF levels were measured by ELISA method 24 and 48 hours perior the exercise protocol and after the last training session. Blood pressure disturbances were also evaluated at the same time and before blood sampling according to the recommendations of the British Heart Association.

The serum levels of BDNF in the group after 6 weeks in the training + supplementation group and the training group increased significantly compared to the pre-test values (P˂0.05). Also, a significant difference between-group training + supplementation group and training, supplementation and control groups were observed (P˂0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced in training + supplementary, training and supplementation groups compared to pretest values (P˂0.05). A significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in the training + supplementation group was observed compared to supplemental and control groups (P˂0.05).

HIIT combined with supplementation with omega-3 supplementation improved the BDNF serum level and reducing resting blood pressure in inactive male students.

Brands are the most important source of emotional attachment with the consumer, it should be used as a vital tool for attracting and retaining customers of the organization and various sports organizations, should follow the theoretical principles related to brand management and brand loyalty and move towards strategic brand management as a superior marketing philosophy.

The purpose of this research was to position the Sport Sciences Research Institution of Iran using the Perceptual Mapping Technique.

Competitive characteristics and strategic rivals of the Sport Sciences Research Institution were obtained from Rasooli Research (2013). Competitive characteristics and competitors were then prioritized using a researcher-made questionnaire and hierarchical method. The statistical population of this research consisted of the academic staff of the country including faculty members and graduate students. Analytic hierarchy analysis was used to prioritize the research variables.

Based on the obtained results, perceptual maps of the brand position of the research Center were depicted. The results showed that the position of brand of Sport Sciences Research Institution among academic researchers of the country in terms of research services, facilities and products was higher than other competitors while the field of educational services after physical education faculties was in the second place; and effort should be made in this area to promote their brand.

In the competitive and turbulent environment of today, the role of brand as consumerschr('39') decision-making guide is becoming more important. Branding should therefore be considered as a continuous activity in all modes.