mahmoud reza nakhaei

Kidney and urinary tract stones are the major health issues; in addition, proper nutrition is probably an important factor in kidney stones formation. The current study aimed at evaluating nutritional factors in kidney stones formation in children.
The current cross sectional study, using the random sampling method, was conducted on 2 - 12-year-old children reffered to Amir Kabir hospital. The data were collected by a 24-hour dietary recall; and calcium, oxalate, vitamin C, animal protein, and water contents in each food was calculated by a food processing software (Nutritionist4). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t test, and regression logestic analysis with SPSS version 21.
Animal protein (P = 0.0001), meal water (P = 0.023) and total liquid amounts (P = 0.011) in the case group was higher than those of the control group; in addition, daily vitamin C intake was higher in the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
The relationship between kidney stones formation and nutritional factors was approved. Therefore, it may be effective to examine and treat the stone formation by considering the nutritional factors.

The World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) recommended executive breastfeeding for 6 months after birth. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of executive breastfeeding in Iran by a meta-analysis study to be used by policy-makers in order to health programmer plan in this field.
In this meta-analysis study, the databases of ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and domestic databases were searched between January 2007 and March 2015. Between the studies with regard to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 studies were selected. Data were analyzed using Stata 11 software.
Sever heterogeneity was observed among reported prevalence based on the results of Chi-square based on Q test and I2 statistics (Q=6132.55, P In the present study, it was summarized the results of previous studies and showed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Iran has been increased and currently is in a satisfactory level. The ongoing national programs for preservation and promoting of exclusive breastfeeding should continue.

Vitamin A has essentiall role in growth، reproduction، and maintenace of epithelial cells. Vitamin A، especially retinoic acid acts like a hormone، for gene expression، Vitamin A is necessary for growth of bones and immune system. The role of vitamin A in reducing mortality rates of neonates is well recognised. In this cross-sectional study، 90 pregnant mothers were selected from private and public hospitals in Arak. Data gathered through the questionnaire included general information concerning pregnat mothers and also their nutritional diet. The analysis of dietary intake done with nutritionist II software. The measurements of serum and cord blood retinol samples carried with reverse phase HPLC. Our results indicted that a positive and significant correlation between cord blood retinol of mothers and birth weigh of neonates (r=0. 22)، (p≥0. 05). There was no significant correlation between serum retinol of mothers and birth weigh of neonates. Also، There was no significant correlation between retinol intakes of mothers and birth weigh of neonates. Improvement retinol status of mothers has efficient role in normal birth weigh of neonates.

Nutritional status assessment is a method for nutritional care which aims to determine nutritional needs and to meet nutritional requirements. Pregnant and lactating mothers are considered vulnerable groups. The use of this method، especially for determination of calorie and protein intake has positive effects on growth of neonates. Thus، the purpose of this study is to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study، 80 pregnant mothers were selected from private and public hospitals in Arak. Data were gathered through a questionnaire including general information concerning pregnant mothers and their nutritional diet. The analysis of dietary intake was done by nutritionist IV software. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The average weight gain for pregnant mothers at the end of pregnancy was 10. 1kg. The mean of body mass index for the mothers was 22. 2 kg/m2، and the average weight for neonates was 2. 5 kg. The average energy intakes in mothers were equal compared with RDA، and the average protein intake was greater compared with RDA. There was a significant positive correlation between weight gain during and total body weight at the end of pregnancy (r=0. 93) (P<0. 01). Also، there was a significant negative correlation between weight of pre pregnancy and percent of weight gain at the end of pregnancy (r=-0. 39) (P<0. 01). A significant positive correlation was found between total body weight at the end of pregnancy and birth weight of neonates (r=0. 34) (P<0. 01). Adequate nutritional status of mothers influenced normal body weight in neonates.