فهرست مطالب mahnaz azari

Fatty liver can cause vascular damage due to metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, the onset of fatty liver disease is expected to lead to a change in the level of GFR or possibly the resistance of the renal artery. According to the above, we aimed to study the effect of fatty liver with or without hepatomegaly on the resistance of the renal artery by designing this study.

In this cross-sectional study, patients after diagnosis of fatty liver by ultrasound (hyper echogenic hepatomegaly with dorsal hypo echogenicity) and elevated liver enzymes enrolled the study. Also, as patients in the case group, healthy subjects with no liver problems that were matched for age and sex were included. Subsequently, patients were asked about demographic information and anthropometric information, and then the patients underwent sonography of B mode and Doppler. Renal length, kidney thickness, liver size and spleen size were also calculated by abdominal sonography. In this study, the renal artery resistance index was obtained based on the formula RI= [VmaxSystole-VminDiastole]/Vmax-Systole. All patients' information was entered into SPSS software and analyzed. Ethics code: IR.TBZMED.REC.1396.906

In this study,The mean age of all participants in the study was 42±11 years. Right kidney RI was 0.61±0.05 in the fatty liver group and 0.59±0.11 in the normal group (P=0.155). The RI value of the left kidney was 0.62±0.05 in the fatty liver group and 0.59±0.0.03 in the healthy subjects group. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.389). Correlation coefficient between age and right renal RI was 0.249 (P=0.027) and this factor between age and left kidney RI was 0.325 (P=0.003). Both relationships were statistically significant.

There is no meaningful relationship between renal RI and fatty liver, and the use of renal RI in early diagnosis of kidney disease in patients with fatty liver is not beneficial.

Therapeutic abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy can be done by a number of medical or mechanical methods. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol with and without letrozole and combination of misoprostol and laminaria in preoperative cervical ripening among women with under second-trimester abortion.
In this interventional study, 120 pregnant women with the gestational age of 20 weeks, who were candidates for therapeutic abortion, were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n=40). Proper counseling was done and a written informed consent was obtained before starting the treatment regimen. The first group received vaginal misoprostol alone and the second group received misoprostol in combination with laminaria and oral placebo. In the third group, in addition to cervical placebo on the first and second days, letrozole was prescribed, and on the third day, the patients were hospitalized and received vaginal misoprostol and third dose of letrozole. The patients were regularly examined every 4 hours, and in the absence of abortion, vaginal misoprostol was repeated after 4 hours.
The results showed that termination of pregnancy was caused by embryo anomaly in 23 cases and fetal death in 97 cases. In this study, response to treatment was 90% in the group receiving laminaria and misoprostol 85% in the group receiving letrozole and misoprostol and 67% in the group receiving misoprostol. Regarding the duration and amount of bleeding, the groups receiving laminaria and misoprostol had the lowest duration and severity of bleeding, but this difference was not statistically significant. Combination of misoprostol and laminaria caused a significantly shorter time interval from the initiation of intervention to abortion, and pain relief was also higher than the other two groups.
Based on the obtained results, a combination of misoprostol and laminaria is recommended for induction of second-trimester therapeutic abortion.

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. It seems that early diagnosis and treatment of EP could help and improve the prognosis of fertility rate in the future.This study was conducted to determinethe prevalenceof ectopic pregnancyin Ardabil hospitals in the years2005-2008. In this retrospective descriptive and cross-sectional study, 29793 pregnancies were recorded in Ardabil between 2005- 2008 and 82 cases of these pregnancies were ectopic.in this study sampling were coallected using concensus method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with two parts: demographic questions and questions on risk factors of ectopic pregnancy. The data were analyzed by SPSS 11using descriptive and inferential statistics. Prevalence of EP in Ardabil was found to be (0.3%). Most of the patients (84%) were 30±8.6 years of age. 55 persons (67%), were primipara and 19 persons (23.2%), had a history 1-3 times abortion.The result of research showed that 44 of the patients (67%), had experienced factors effective in EP. From these 33 persons, (56.2), with abdomino-pelvic surgeries such as cesarean, appendectomy, laparoscopy, ovarian cyst and tubectomywere. The most common sign was abdominal pain 58 persons, (%69.2). Only two patients of all were treated by medical method using and the rest were operated. 48 persons (%58.5), with ectopic pregnancy used contracep tives. Most of these women, 20 persons -%24.4, had used OCP (oral contraceptive pill). Given that most of the studied cases have had at least one risk factor for ectopic pregnancy, some preventive methods including Bayer methods (spermicides, condoms and diaphragms) andalso promoting normal delivery rather than cesarean section should be considered.