mahsa taghavi-farahabadi

For phagocytosis measurement, 5×105 macrophages were seeded in a 12-well plate. 20 ng/ml LPS was added to cells to induce the M1 phenotype. After 24h the medium was changed. A suspension of heat-killed baker’s yeast was prepared at 108 particles per ml in DMEM medium. The yeast suspension was added to macrophages at a ratio of 1:10 (macrophage: yeast). Macrophages were allowed for 60 minutes to phagocyte the particles at 37°C. To remove the free yeasts, the well was washed with PBS. The phagocytosis was observed using an inverted microscope.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new pandemic virus, a global concern, and has threatened human health. This virus binds to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) that is expressed on different cells, especially on the alveolar cells. So the virus can enter the lung cells and causes respiratory syndromes. In Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)  that is caused by SARS-CoV-2, respiratory failure, and acute inflammation is the main cause of death. According to several reports, multiple factors, such as Neutrophils to Lymphocytes Ratio (NLR) have prognostic potentials in COVID-19. This study aims to review this parameter to have a better prediction about the condition of the patients and their treatments. According to this review, the NLR ratio that is related to the innate immune responses and inflammation can be helpful in the discrimination of severe from non-severe cases of COVID-19 patients.