فهرست مطالب mahsa zarei

In this research, a closed-loop green supply chain network is designed under uncertain conditions. In the proposed model, four objective functions including minimizing network costs, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, minimizing production-technical risk, and minimizing the time of sending products to customers are considered simultaneously. Using the proposed network, it is possible to manage the flow of raw materials, first-hand products, and return products between facilities, production planning for each production center, how to allocate products to each facility, determine the number of manpower required for employment and training in each production center, how to allocate machinery and equipment, as well as time management by determining the minimum acceptable time to send products to customers so that the network has the least cost, the least amount of greenhouse gas emissions from the operational processes of facilities and transportation and has made strategic decisions with the least production-technical risk and the least time possible. In this research, to increase the efficiency of the model, parameters such as the amount of return product, recycling rate, and destruction are considered indefinitely and fuzzy logic is used to eliminate the uncertainty. Finally, due to the breadth of the model, the model is validated using a genetic algorithm. The result of the validation indicates the efficiency of the proposed model in optimizing the closed-loop green supply chain network.

 The present study aimed to discover the lived experiences of the older adults from quarantine during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods & Materials: 

This qualitative study employed a content analysis method. Sampling was performed in 10 subjects using a purposive sampling method and continued until data saturation. Semi-Structured face-to-face interviews were used to collect the necessary data. The texts of the interviews were analyzed by qualitative method.

 As a result of the interviews, the two main themes of negative outcomes with the sub-themes of illness anxiety, low mood, death anxiety, interpersonal conflicts, social isolation, treatment limitations, and reduced physical activity as well as the main themes of positive outcomes with the sub-theme of lifestyle improvements were discovered. Each of the above-mentioned themes had several supporting semantic units.

 The themes discovered based on lived experience provided useful information about the effects of quarantine on biopsychological health and quality of life of the elderly; these characteristics can be considered in treatment planning and measures for this group.

 Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is an uncommon type of dementia. The hallmark feature of FTD is the presentation with aphasia or behavioral changes which vary in different FTD subtypes. In this study, we propose a quantitative aphasia test as an additive diagnostic tool for differentiation of FTD subtypes.

 The applied study was conducted on 20 patients with FTD (13 men and 7 women) aged 58-78 years (Mean age=63±0.8 years) referred to dementia clinic of Rasul Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups of behavioral variant (n=5), semantic dementia (n=4) and non-fluent aphasia (n=11). The Persian Western Aphasia Battery (P-WAB-1) test was performed on the patients to assess their aphasia severity based on its overall score (Aphasia Quotient). The score of each language section of the test was also reported for each study group, separately. After recording data, they were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using the whole rock analysis. Significance level of Aphasia Quotient score was measured separately for each study groups.

 Patients with non-fluent aphasia had problems only in the speech fluency domain, and their abilities in other domains remained intact.

 It seems that P-WAB-1 test is a useful tool for assessing the non-fluent aphasia in patients who suffer from progressive dementia. These patients should be referred to speech therapist for rehabilitation.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the logics behind tendencies towards bottled drinking water usage in spite of availability of treated tap water. The amount of waste bottle is also estimated in Iran and managing principles for resolving the issue presented.

A questionnaire was used to survey the logics behind tendencies toward bottled drinking water consumption among 120 participants. In order to estimate the quantities of the PET wastes produced in the country, data about bottled water production rate as well as volume of the imported and exported drinking bottled water were collected from 1962 to 2015 and applied in the calculations.

Findings suggested that about 0.026 to 3.86 billion liters (about 1.04 billion liters on average) of bottled water was consumed annually between 2000 and 2015. Furthermore, bottled water consumption increased from 0.41 to 48.9 L/capita-year within the same time period. In the meantime, the plastic bottle waste generation rate rose from 12.84 to 1519.38 g/ capita-year. There is no efficient and suitable system for managing and recycling waste bottles in the country. The perceived unreliability of tap water quality was the main reason of bottled water consumption among 74% of the respondents.

To reduce bottled water consumption and the associated harmful environmental and health consequences, measures such as informing people, validating public water supply quality, preventive rules enactment, and establishing extended producer responsibility (EPR) are highly recommended.

Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the modern societies, which results from the non-stop growth of cells in the body. Due to the advancement of nanobiotechnology, highly effective herbal metabolites can be used to treat cancer. Apigenin is a natural flavonoid that is found in abundance in fruits, vegetables and herbs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-cancer properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized by apigenin on MCF-7 cell line.

In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using apigenin. Antioxidant effects of synthetized nanoparticle were evaluated using ABTS and DPPH assays. The cytotoxicity effects of silver nanoparticles were evaluated by MTT assay towards breast cancer cells.

The obtained results showed that the silver nanoparticles synthesized using apigenin had a significant effect on scavenging free radicals. Also, these nanoparticles had a cytotoxicity property towards MCF-7 cells and reduced the survival of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Based on our results, silver nanoparticles synthetized using apigenin have cytotoxicity as well as antioxidant properties towards MCF-7 cancer cells and can be proposed as a suitable nanoparticle in the field of pharmacy and medicine.

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) is the sweetest plant in the world that is considered as suitable alternative to sugar for treating problems of obesity and diabetes, but its seeds are hard to germinate and most of them are often sterile due to incompatibility phenomenon during their formation. Also, it is difficult to produce homogenous population by seed propagation. For this reason, tissue culture is suitable approach for fast multiplication of this plant. The aim of this research was to find a rapid and efficient protocol for micropropagation of commercial medicinal stevia and mass propagation of its clones in large scale. This research was conducted in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, the shoot tip explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/l concenteratians for each of plant growth regulators include IAA, NAA, IBA, BAP, Kin and GA3 as individual treatments with control treatment (MS medium without plant growth regulators). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications. The second experiment was designed based on the results of the first experiment. So, in the second experiment, the shoot tip explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with BAP (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l) and Kin (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/l). The tratment was arranged as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. In rooting experiment, shootlets were cultured on MS and 1/2 MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA (0, .5, 1 and 1.5 mg/l). This expriment was carried out in the same way as the second expriment. In all experiments, the traits were measured after 30 days of culture and incubation in growth chamber. Finally, the rooted plantlets were initially hardened to culture room conditions and then transferred to greenhouse. The effect of plant growth regulators was significant for all measurd traits (P<0.01); MS medium containing 1.5 mg/l BAP was the most efficient treatment for the highest shoot number and internode number (with average of 5.75 shoot and 19.5 internode per plant, respectively) and the longest shoot length related to 2 mg/l Kin and 1.5 & 2 mg/l GA3 and The best treatments for callusing were 1.5 mg/l IBA, 1.5 & 2 mg/l BAP. In the second expriment, the interaction effect of BAP×Kin was significant for all traits. The highest shoot multiplication rate and internode number were obtained from MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 1.5 mg/l Kin (with average of 17.67 shoot and 38.67 internode per plant, respectively). This treatment was incubated in growth chamber for another one month and the shoot number was significantly increased from 17.67 to 55 shoot per plant. Most efficient condition for root production (with average of 55 root per plant) was observed on 1/2 MS medium containing 1.5 mg/l NAA. About 92% of in vitro developed plantlets were successfully established to greenhouse conditions. general, the results, like previous studies, indicated a positive and good response of the stevia plant to tissue culture. MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 1.5 mg/l Kin was recommended for shoot proliferation of Stevia shoot tip explant and also, incubation of cultured explants in growth chamber for two months was remarkably increased the shoot number. The 1/2 MS medium containing 1.5 mg/l NAA was resultful in root proliferation.

Stevia rebaudiana is a medicinally important plant, free-calorie with sweet test and beneficial for diabetic patient. In order to optimization of the micropropagation of this plant, three experiments were conducted by factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Shoot tip explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with Kin (0, 1 & 2 mg/l) IAA (0, 0.5, 1 & 1.5 mg/l) (test 1), Kin (3 & 4 mg/l) with IAA (0.5, 1 & 1.5 mg/l) (test 2) and BAP (0, 1, 2, 3 & 4 mg/l) IBA (0, 0.5, 1 & 1.5 mg/l) (test 3). The shoot number increased with increasing concentrations of Kin in media and in second experiment, the highest shoot number was produced in MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/l Kin 0.5 mg/l IAA (with an average of 7 shoots per explant). However, the best result of micropropagation was obtained from MS medium containing 2 mg/l BAP 1.5 mg/l IBA in test 3 (ith an average of 9 shoots per explant). Also, increasing BAP concentrations from 2 mg/l resulted to a significant reduction in shoot number and shoot length and quality of plantlets as well as increase in callusing. In addition, shoot number was dramatically increased by incubation the cultured explants in culture room for two months. The maximum rooting of developed shootlets was achieved from MS medium supplemented with1 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were hardened in culture room and with high successfully established in soil.

In order to evaluate the yield components and oil percent of hemp plant under different biological fertilizer and saline water and soil، a field experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete design with three replications in the North East of Esfahan in 2012. The experimental treatments include، three hemp ecotypes of Esfahan، Shiraz and Mashاad as the first factor and fertilizer treatments of urea، nitroxin، super nitro-plus، bio-sulfur، mycorrhizae (Glomus mosseae) and control (without fertilizer) as the second factor، subjected to saline soil irrigation water. The traits of seed numbers per plant، 1000 seeds weight، grain yield، biological yield، harvest index and percent of seed oil were measured. The results showed the maximum grain yield and harvest index were belong to mycorrhizae treatment and the minimum was belong to control. Besides، mycorrhizae showed maximum biological yield and other treatments had not significantly effect. 1000 seeds weight was affected significantly under different fertilizer treatments، but the ecotypes of Mashhad and Shiraz showed maximum (13. 33 gr.) and ecotype of Esfahan produced minimum (7. 8 gr.) 1000 seeds grain. Each 4 fertilizer treatments caused significant promotion of oil percent (29. 2%) compare to control (26. 5%)، but did not observed any significant effect between fertilizer treatments. Ecotype of Esfahan under bio-sulfur and mycorrhizae treatments with average of 800 seeds per plant had maximum and ecotypes of Mashhad and Shiraz had minimum of 76 seeds per plant.