فهرست مطالب mahtab daftari

Entorhinal cortex (EC) is one of the first Entorhinal cortex (EC) is one of the first cerebral regions affected in Alzheimer’sdisease (AD). The pathology propagates to neighboring cerebral regions through a prion-likemechanism. In AD, intracellular calcium dyshomeostasis is associated with endoplasmicreticulum (ER) stress. This study was designed to examine hippocampal ER stress followingEC amyloidopathy. Aβ1-42 was bilaterally microinjected into the EC under stereotaxic surgery.Rats were daily treated with 30 μg of isradipine, nimodipine, or placebo over one week.Passive avoidance and novel object recognition (NOR) tasks were performed using shuttle boxand NOR test, respectively. GRP78/BiP and CHOP levels were measured in the hippocampaldentate gyrus (DG) by western blot technique. The glutathione (GSH) level and PDI activitywere also assessed in the hippocampus by colorimetric spectrophotometer. Aβ treated groupdeveloped passive avoidance and novel recognition memory deficit compared to the controlgroup. However, treatment with calcium channel blockers reversed the impairment. BiP andCHOP level increased in the hippocampus following amyloidopathy in the EC. PDI activityand GSH level in the hippocampus decreased in the Aβ treated group, but calcium channelblockers restored them toward the control level. In conclusion, memory impairment due to ECamyloidopathy is associated with ER stress related bio-molecular changes in the hippocampus,and treatment with L-type calcium channel blockers may prevent the changes and ultimatelyimprove cognitive performance.cerebral regions affected in AD. Intracellular calcium buffering capacity is disrupted in the dentate gyrus (DG) following EC amyloidopathy. This study was designed to examine hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress following EC amyloidopathy. Aβ1-42 was bilaterally microinjected into the EC under stereotaxic surgery. Rats were daily treated with 30 μg of isradipine, nimodipine or placebo over one week. Passive avoidance and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were performed. GRP78/BiP and CHOP levels were measured in the hippocampal DG. The glutathione (GSH) level and PDI activity were also assessed in the hippocampus. Aβ treated group developed passive avoidance and novel recognition memory deficit compared to the control group. However, treatment with calcium channel blockers reversed the impairment. BiP and CHOP level increased in the hippocampus following amyloidopathy in the EC. PDI activity and GDH level in the hippocampus were decreased in the Aβ treated group, but calcium channel blockers restored them toward the control level. In conclusion, memory impairment due to EC amyloidopathy is associated with ER stress related bio-molecular changes in the hippocampus, and treatment with L-type calcium channel blockers may prevent the changes and ultimately improve cognitive performance.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-born illness caused by the CCHFV. Ruminant animals are the main host to ticks, and ticks are a vector of CCHF. Therefore, this survey was carried out in 2013 on ticks of Khouzistan province, in the Southwest of Iran, to specify tick species parasitizing live stocks and their seasonal population dynamics.
During a survey for possible tick population of Khouzistan province as one of the critical epidemiologic areas in Iran, ticks were collected from the body of infested animals by a tweezer and then transported to the laboratory of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and finally were identified to genus and species level using identification key.
A total number of 372 hard ticks were collected randomly from 458 live stocks in 7 different cities. Shosh was the most infected city in this study. Ticks infection rate on sheep, goat and cow was 84.12%, 12.69 % and 3.17%, respectively. In the study 2 genus and six species of hard ticks were identified including Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma sp., Hyalomma marginatum and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most frequent species in the study area.
Outbreak of human cases of CCHF in parallel with ticks’ distribution shows the importance of this survey. Despite of studies that have been done on ticks distribution and ticks infestation in Iran recently no study has been conducted yet about this field in this province.