فهرست مطالب majid farhadi

We aimed to verify the exposure to mercury in the air and its effect on cardiovascular disorders.

The review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and national databases (such as SID) from 1995-2022.

Mercury exposure can cause many disorders in humans, including neurodevelopmental disorders in fetuses and children, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, hypertension, and diabetes. Mercury is a human neurotoxin, and in recent years its potentially harmful effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) have raised concerns, mainly due to mercury's role in reducing oxidative stress.

Possible mechanisms of mercury toxicity in CVD include mercury-selenium interaction, increased lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. In this article, we review studies that have investigated the relationship between mercury and CVD.

Given the fact that the Karun River, as the most important source of water supply in Khuzestan province, has recently been affected by various pollutants such as sewage, monitoring its water quality is a necessity. This study aimed to determine the water quality of the Karun River based on biological indicators (Daphnia-crustaceans).
In each season of the year, water samples were obtained from three stations at three different points along the river. After measuring the physical and chemical parameters, the samples were left to settle for 24 hours in the laboratory. Then 1 cc of the sediment was placed on the slide to study the diversity and frequency of crustaceans. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.
In the present study, the frequency and variety of crustacean species isolated from the samples decreased from the initial station of the river to the final station. In addition, 27 species of Protozoa were isolated from three stations, of which Daphnia and Rotifer species with an average of 2.166 and 4.833 and standard deviation of 1.984 and 5.166, respectively had the highest frequency compared to other species. The results of the Pearson correlation showed that there is a direct and statistically significant relationship between dissolved oxygen (DO), Turbidity, Daphnia, and Rotifers.
Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that the entry of effluents into river water causes a significant reduction in water quality, which in turn reduces the diversity and frequency of crustaceans living in the water. This is possibly due to an increase in sewage discharge from Ahvaz city to Karun river.

The quality of drinking water includes the microbial, chemical and physical parameters of water, and non-standard values of these parameters cause water pollution. Water improvement has a direct relationship with the reduction of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to Investigating and determining the critical points Ahvaz drinking water.

This descriptive sectional study was done during 2019 to 2022 (3 years). Tests and monthly reports are based on the methods listed in the method standard were collected directly from distribution network drinking water in Ahvaz drinking water. Statistical analysis, including the one-sample t-test was used to compare the average with the standard level. The significance level was 0.05 used by SPSS version 22 software in all analyses.

result of this study, out of 172 cases, the cause of the crisis is due to broken water pipes, 62 cases are in the west region and 110 cases are in the east region. Based on result, out of 22 cases, the cause of the crisis is due to the lack of sewage overflow in 1 case in the western region and 21 cases in the eastern region. In total, there is a significant difference in the occurrence of crisis causes in the water network between the east and west regions of Ahvaz, and the east region (86.4% of crisis cases) has a higher percentage of crisis causes than the west region of Ahvaz (13.6%). from crisis cases) is included.

In general, the best way to guarantee the quality of drinking water, reduce incidents and record critical cases in the drinking water distribution network is to implement a comprehensive management system with the cooperation of all relevant organizations. The new approach of the World Health Organization (WHO) to achieve this goal is to implement the water safety program.

Context: 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants that are among the most important risk factors for cancer, especially in individuals with underlying diseases. On the other hand, various types of cancers in the vital organs of the body, including the liver, lung, and bladder, and diseases related to the nervous system can be attributed to exposure to this polluting agent. Bladder cancer depends on numerous factors, such as inherited genetic predisposition and external exposure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are by-products arising from the incomplete combustion of organic matter. They are found in all environments, such as hospitals, industries, and homes.

The purpose of this review study was to investigate the epidemiological literature on the side effects of PAHs on bladder cancer and the risk factors related to cancer.

A total of 80 articles according to different databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect, were retrieved. Then, 38 full-text articles were entered into the analysis process. Finally, 12 articles were selected for this study.

The literature review showed that PAH exposure occurs in daily life through exposure to tobacco smoke, consumption of charcoal-smoked meats, and inhalation of air pollutants. The concentration of PAHs is related to the risk of developing bladder cancer during the lifetime of PAHs. Bladder tumors are directly related to exposure to carcinogens. While the exposure to risk factors increases, the risk of developing cancer increases. Risk factors affecting bladder cancer include smoking and occupational and dietary factors.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are by-products of incomplete combustion of organic matter. They are found in all environments, such as hospitals, industries, and homes, and they can affect the urinary system, cause dysfunction, and eventually cause bladder cancer.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the Corona‑viridian family, is responsible for the emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has developed into a worldwide pandemic since its initial detection in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, in early December 2019. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of physical distancing measures on the transmission of COVID-19. A scoping review was conducted, with a focus on English-language literature available on Pub Med and Web of Science up to May 2022. The findings of this study indicate a statistically significant correlation between physical distance and the transmission of COVID-19. Nevertheless, it should be noted that COVID-19 primarily spreads through contact routes and respiratory droplets, and many aspects of its transmissibility are still not fully understood. As such, the topic of airborne transmission of COVID-19 remains a subject of debate and controversy.

Air pollution exposure is one of the main risk factors for respiratory system diseases, including airway diseases, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Few studies have been done concerning Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) and its relationship with air pollution. Particulate Matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Heavy Metals (HM) are the most important air pollutants found to exert harmful effects on the human and environment. This review aimed to study the health effects of air pollution on respiratory systems, especially COPD. A narrative review of the literature was done from 1978 to 2020 in various databases, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, NCBI, and BMJ. The results indicated that air pollution exposure could increase respiratory diseases, especially COPD. According to the results, COPD is caused by poor airflow and long-term breathing problems due to disrupted lung tissue. Based on the results, hazardous air pollutants induce destructive effects on the lung and result in COPD. Thus, COPD is a critical public health issue in Iran and the world. To decrease the rate of COPD attributed to air pollutants, we should use policies to decrease pollutant emissions.

In the multi-use multi-stage secret sharing scheme, the dealer is able to share several secrets among a group of participants, and the secrets are reconstructed stage by stage such that the reconstruction of secrets at earlier stages does not reveal or weaken the secrecy of the remaining secrets. Since the hash functions are quick and easy to calculate, in this paper, we propose a multi-use multi-secret sharing scheme based on a hash function that makes the method very efficient. This scheme is resistant to the cheating of participants. Also, by using the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol, the dealer and participants communicate with each other through a public channel. The structure of the proposed scheme is safe against one-known-secret attack.

In this paper, we study LARCH processes with periodic structure as a new class of time series with periodic conditional heteroscedasticity and long memory property. We characterize the structure of inter and intra season correlations.
Under the proposed assumptions, the long memory property for each season is studied too. Finally, by simulation study the efficiency of the R/S estimator for estimating long memory parameter of each season is shown.

Background & Aims of the Study: According to statistics reported by the international organization, 500,000 people annually due to airborne particulate matter exposure of the air are dying prematurely. Studies show the dust storm is responsible for the 7.1 % increase of fatality. Control of particulate matter is one of the most important methods of direct and indirect effects of particles reduction. The aim of the study was the analysis of the relationship between exposure to particulate matter of plants, environment and human, which is a kind of crisis.
This research is conducted the overview of studies, examining the relationship of dust phenomenon impacts with emphasis on dust problems and present solutions in Khuzestan, Iran.
The evidence was considered inconclusive the environmental impact such as reducing vision loss caused by visible light availability, efficacy on the level of solar radiation and waste material. Short-term effects of dust, including more sensitive eyes, nose and throat, respiratory tract infections, headache, nausea and allergic reactions, this phenomenon can be long-term chronic respiratory and cardiovascular disease, lung cancer incidence and mortality.
Proposed solution: Measures taken to decrease the impact of dust particles: avoid the outdoor activities, created ventilation system, increasing fluid intake to excretion of heavy metals associated with suspended particles such as mercury and lead, using a mask creation and design of clean room and sprayed mulch .

Secret sharing schemes perform an important role in protecting se-cret by sharing it among multiple participants. In 1979, (t; n) threshold secret sharing schemes were proposed by Shamir and Blakley independently. In a (t; n) threshold secret sharing scheme a secret can be shared among n partic- ipants such that t or more participants can reconstruct the secret, but it can not be reconstructed by t - 1 or fewer participants. The proposed schemes by Shamir and Blakley have some drawbacks. Multi-secret and veri able schemes were invented to improve old schemes. We analysis the security of hash based secret sharing schemes, and show that the schemes have some drawbacks. In particular it is shown that the the schemes are not resistant against deceptive behavior by dealer and participants.

Background & Aims of the Study: Detergent and phosphate are one of the main and vital threats (eutrophication phenomenon and production of synthetic foam) for the source of drinking water, agriculture and industrial uses in the Ahvaz, Iran that threaten human health. The aim of this study is evaluate to efficiency of the electrocoagulation (EC) process in the removal of detergent and phosphate from car wash effluent.
In this experimental study in a laboratory scale we used a glass tank with a volume of 2-4 liters (effective volume of 2 liters) containing 4 electrode-plate iron and aluminum (AL-AL, AL-Fe, Fe-Fe). Using a bipolar method to convert alternative electricity to direct current, electrodes were connected to a power supply. Daily samples were collected from different car wash sewage. Initial PHs of samples was from 7 to 9. At first, different tests were performed on primary samples. Reaction times were set for 90, 60, 30 minutes with middle intervals of 2 cm.
According to result this study, percentage of phosphate removal in the EC with Al-Fe electrode with an optimum pH = 7 have been from 34 % phosphate removal (in the 10 Volt) to 78% phosphate removal (in the 30 Volt). Percentage of detergent removal in the EC with AL electrode with an optimum pH = 7 have been from 68 % detergent removal (in the 10 Volt) to 94% detergent removal (in the 30 Volt).
Altogether it was found that this method can be used as a confident and convenient method for treating car wash effluent and according to the highest removal efficiency of the process, effluent can be discharged safely into the environment.

Vegetables are useful for humans as they contain minerals, vitamins, fiber and other nutrients. Eating raw vegetables are a nutritional habit in Iranian families. Raw eating vegetables is the main source of parasitic infections. The aim of this study was to determine microbial contamination of raw vegetables in Ahvaz, Iran during 2014-2015. In this study, 20 samples collected from markets of Ahvaz. Average weight of collecting raw vegetables was 1 to 2 kilograms. Then, raw vegetables were washed by 4 to 5 liter tap water. For parasitic ova washed water leaved for 24 hours for sedimentation and then the supernatant poured and about 50 to 100 milliliter of settled water transferred to 15 ml centrifugal tubes. After centrifugation, pellet floated and finally parasitic ova were observed microscopically (corrected Bailenger method). The multiple tube method used for Coliform bacteria (Total & Faecal) examination. Maximum Coliform bacteria was in Kootabdullah samples (total Coliform was 25893319.52 MPN/100ml and Fecal Coliform was 15054572.83 MPN/100ml). Maximum Ascaris ova in Hamidieh was 43.3 per liter and Sheiban 36.66 per litter. Microbial contamination of raw vegetables, especially in Kootabdullah, possibly was due to Karoon river water pollution by sewage discharge of Ahvaz city, and also in Hamidieh possibly due to Karkheh river water pollution by sewage discharge of Hamidieh city. Thus, sewage treatment of these cities before discharging in rivers is necessary.

Colloidal materials and suspended solids cause turbidity in water. To remove turbidity, clarification method is used that includes processes of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation. Due to the long duration of coagulation process, coagulant aids are applied. Despite the favorable efficiency of synthetic polyelectrolytes as a coagulant aid, due to their harmful effects on human health, in this process natural organic polymers are used instead.
In this research, the use of tragacanth as a natural organic coagulant aid instead of synthetic polymers in water turbidity removal along with alum and poly aluminum chloride is studied. To compare the experiments with natural conditions, Karun River water is analyzed. To complete these studies, the effects of several factors such as tragacanth concentration, the concentration of alum and poly aluminum chloride, and pH changes in average and low turbidity are investigated. Optimum pH for turbidity removal was determined by jar testing.
The results showed that the best pH to remove turbidity is 5.5 to 7, with the efficiency of 97.3%. At PH = 6 and at the concentration of 30 mg/L, poly ammonium chloride has maximum efficiency (90%). Using tragacanthat concentrations of 1 and 4 mg/L along with alum at a concentration of 40 mg/L leads to turbidity removal of 81.75%.
Using 2 and 4 mg/L of tragacanth, a significant removal efficiency is achieved in low and average turbidity.pH=7 leads to the most efficient use of tragacanth coagulant aid.