فهرست مطالب majid janani

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with high burdens for countries. It has been shown that the integration of SUD services into primary health care (PHC) can improve the early identification and treatment of people with SUDs. However, there are many barriers, including negative attitudes of health professionals about SUDs contributing to suboptimal care.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a training program on physicians’ attitudes toward providing SUD services in PHC.

Physicians working in community health centers (CHCs) of Khorasan-e-Razavi Province in Iran were purposefully recruited to participate in a 10-hour in-person training program providing education on understanding the nature of SUDs, basic communication skills, motivational interviewing, and evidence-based SUDs interventions between October and December 2018. Knowledge and attitudes of participants were measured before and after training workshops.

The knowledge of physicians was significantly increased after completion of training. Moreover, participants’ attitudes toward the integration of SUD services into PHC significantly improved from 96.23 ± 0.90 to 109.22 ± 0.60 at the end of the workshop. In the multivariable linear regression, previous SUDs’ training experiences, being female, and years of work experience in PHC were significantly associated with more favorable attitudinal changes among the participants.

Our results suggest the effectiveness of the training intervention in improving the attitudes toward SUD services among PHC physicians in Iran. Further controlled studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of training on the attitudes of PHC professionals in the long term and its role in their practice.

Homeless drug addicts are one of the high-risk groups for COVID-19 mortality and morbidity. Therefore, early diagnosis in this group, in addition to reducing mortality in them, will prevent the transmission of the disease in the community. Tehran University of Medical Sciences has made a special effort to screen COVID-19 in drug addicts, the results are mentioned here.

In this descriptive study, the available data of Covid-19 screening in the areas covered by Tehran University of Medical Sciences were used. The collected data were analyzed after initial refinement using descriptive methods such as frequency and bar and line graphs.

A total of 11485 PCR tests were performed during the study period to screen COVID-19 in drug addicts. The results of screening were 696 positive cases of Covid-19 (6.04% out of the total tests) among drug addicts. The positive cases in Shafaq and Fashafoyeh camps were 9.62 % and 3.77 %, respectively. Most tests were performed in May, June, August and November 2020.

Performing more than 11,000 diagnostic tests in the group of addicts, indicates the special efforts of Tehran University of Medical Sciences to provide fair services and early diagnosis of COVID-19 in this vulnerable group.

This study aimed to evaluate patients' clinical and laboratory characteristics with hypertension with the diagnosis of Covid-19 and its associationwith mortality.

This retrospective cohort study was performed on 341 patients with hypertension and Covid-19 admitted to Baharloo Hospital. Patient information was collected from patients themselves and medical records during hospitalization. Patients' informed consent was one of the conditions for patients to enter this study. The significance level for all analyzes was considered 5%.

Based on this study's results, the mortality rate of these patients was 22%. The two groups of recoveredand dead patients were significantly different in terms of age, oxygen level at admission, and admission to the ICU. The recovered and dead groups were different in terms of white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocyte, neutrophil, inflammatory reactive protein (CRP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood creatinine (CR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The difference was that the deceased had fewer lymphocytes and neutrophils and more CRP, WBC, BUN, CR, and LDH than the survivors.

Based on the resultsof this study, patients with hypertension have a higher mortality rate. The deceased differed from the surviving group in terms of white blood cell count, lymphocyte, neutrophil, inflammatory reactive protein, blood urea nitrogen, blood creatinine, and lactate dehydrogenase.

 The association of comorbidity diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension with the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been repeatedly assessed. However, less research has specifically addressed the elderly. This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics and evaluate the relationship between comorbidities, and the rates of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 in the elderly.

Methods & Materials: 

This retrospective study was conducted in elderly patients with COVID-19 admitted to Baharloo Hospital. Demographic information, types of underlying diseases, and need for hospitalization in the ICU or death in hospital among the hospitalized patients from March 2020 to July 2020 was extracted from the COVID-19 hospital database. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the Odds Ratio (OR), as a separate measure of the association between the research variables’ outcomes (death & hospitalization outcomes in the ICU).

 A total of 522 elderly patients were included in the study. Approximately 77% (n=422) of the elderly survived and 23% (n=100) died. The study participants’ mean±SD age was 72.55±8.44 years. besides, and about 54%(n=281) were males. Logistic regression model results suggested that the odds of death in the study participants with ≥2 underlying diseases equaled 1.69 (OR=1.69, 95%CI: 0.97-2.91, P=0.04). Moreover, the odds of ICU hospitalization in them was 2.26 (OR=2.26, 95%CI: 1.34-3.81, P=0.002) time higher than their counterparts who did not have underlying diseases, i.e., statistically significant.

 Our results are expected to impact preventive interventions and take a more targeted approach to prioritize older patients with risk factors, rather than adopting calendar age policies as a general indicator for risk assessment.

 Cancers are the second leading cause of death in developing countries. Because of the impact of health indicators on incidence and mortality of many diseases such as cancers and the lack of similar studies in Iran especially among the military community (MC) the current study was aimed to assess the association between the incident cases and deaths of cancers with some health indicators among Iranian MC. 

 In the current ecological study, the required data about the cancer patients were earned from the registered cases in the insurance organization of the Iranian MC. Other data were extracted from the statistical center of Iran. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between the under studied variables. All analyses were done using Stata 14 software. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. 

 The most incidence and deaths of cancer cases were reported from Tehran, Isfahan, and Khorasan Razavi provinces, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the number of health houses, active health houses, number of hospitals, number of clinics, number of hospital beds, number of literacy people with death, and incidence case of cancers among Iranian MC ( P < 0.05). 

 Health-care centers and the education status of individuals are associated with cancers incidence and mortality. These findings can be very helpful for health planners and policymakers to designing intervention programs to prevent incidence and decrease the burden of these diseases.