majid vesalinaseh

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of nature-based physical activity with a focuse on gardening on visual-motor coordination and drawing indices of female 5-year-old children. For this purpose, 30 children from Isfahan without attending preschool were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups: 1) experimental groups (15 people) and 2) control group (15 people). After the pre-test, the experimental group trained in the nature-based physical activity protocol including eight session, 60-minute per sessions (twice a week). Then both groups participated in the post-test. Visual-motor and shape drawing were evaluated by the Bander Gestalt test. The data was analyzed using SPSS-24 software in two descriptive sections including (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (analysis of Variance for the effectiveness of nature-based physical activity). The results showed that nature-based physical activity exercises with gardening performance had a significant positive effect on visual-motor coordination and drawing indices of 5-year-old children. The difference between the experimental and the control groups showed that the children who were active in the nature environment significantly had better visual-motor coordination and drawing indices. In general, nature-based physical activity and gardening help children to develop their sensory-motor skills, including writing and drawing skills, to enter school.

The objective of this research was to examine the manner in which exceptional female soccer pla​yers navigate the intersection of their feminine and athletic personas both within and beyond the realm of athletics. Phenomenological analysis, a qualitative research procedure, was employed in this investigation. In order to collect data, an in-depth and semi-structured interview was carried out with eight female soccer players aged 19-27  who were members of the Iranian Super League. Utilizing the theoretical sampling procedure, data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Following recording, each interview was transcribed by hand, line by line. Analysis of findings was conducted both during and subsequent to data collection. Certain participants held the perception that their feminine and athletic personas were harmonious in social and athletic settings. As reported by other participants, athleticism and femininity are diametrically opposed. Three overarching experiences are employed to address this incompatibility. 1. disclosing their feminine identities in social contexts and their athletic identities in sports contexts. 2.emphasizing the feminine characteristic in both settings. 3. emphasizing the athletic brand in both contexts. To alleviate the negative tensions and pressures caused by this conflict, female soccer players manage their feminine or athletic identities through appearance and body management, including apparel, makeup, hair and body manipulation, behavior, tone of voice, and gender role tasks. Perceptions of the (in)congruence between the athletic and feminine identities of female soccer players and the type of body management they employed were found to overlap.