فهرست مطالب mana mesbahi

This article mainly aims to investigate the effects of the fundamental and environmental variables on the degree of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) into the import price during 1990:3 to 2014:1. Therefore, at first, the effect of exchange rate along with the effects of marginal cost in abroad, the degree of openness of economy and gross domestic production on the import price were investigated by using of Markov-Switching model. The experimental findings indicate that there are two regimes for the degree of ERPT into the import price of Iran; i.e. the low price regime and the high price regime and for both regimes the degree of ERPT is more than one unit. In the next stage, the inflation volatility was quantified as one of the most important factors dominating Iran economy by the use of MS-GARCH approach. After that its effect, along with the effect of fundamental variables on the degree of ERPT were evaluated. The findings show that with the emergence of inflation volatility in Iran economy, the degree of ERPT into import price will increase in both regimes.

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impacts of fundamental variables and volatility of oil revenue (as one of the most important of environment prevailing components in Iran economy) on degree of exchange rate pass through (ERPT) into import price. For this, Markov-Switching and EGARCH methods were used on the base of data for 1990:3 to 2014:1. The findings indicate that there are two ERPT into import price regimes in Iran economy. The ERPT is more than unitary in both regimes. Also, volatility of oil revenues has asymmetric impacts on ERPTs of regimes in terms of size and sign but it increases ERPT into import price in both regimes. Therefore, managing of volatility of oil revenues and exchange rate changes are suggested.

The government financing has a significant place in the economic literature due to its distribution and allocation impact. In this study the government revenue resources are classified into two categories: “hard to earn” and “easy to earn” revenues. The main question is whether the increase in the share of export revenues earned by selling natural resources which is considered as a component of “easy to earn” revenues prevent the increase in the share of “hard to earn” revenues in the MENA region? And if so, whether existence of SWFs (sovereign wealth funds) in these countries has the ability to prevent an adverse effect of the natural resource revenues on “hard to earn” tax revenues? To answer these questions, panel data of 21 countries in the MENA region from 1990 to 2012 are used. The results show that increasing the share of natural resource revenues in GDP reduce the share of “hard to earn” revenues of governments in the MENA region. In fact, increasing the share of natural resource revenues will replace tax revenue share. Moreover, the SWFs have passive role in some countries and they have not been able to affect government financing.