manijeh navidnia

The emergence of ISIS in recent years has drawn the attention of many experts to the why of such groups, and it is important to understand the political context and developments that have been instrumental in the emergence of ISIS in Iraq. This study was carried out with a view to the necessity of less well-regarded sociological analyzes with the aim of explaining the sociological implications of ISIS's influential political developments during the turbulent era of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. The present study was a qualitative-exploratory study using semi-structured interviewing tools. The statistical population of the study consisted of 12 experts from Iraq who were selected by snowball sampling. Data were analyzed by open coding. This study, along with the many factors that led to the formation of ISIS in Iraq, identified 26 political factors that influenced ISIS's emergence in Iraq by looking at developments in the Maliki era.

One of the social harms that threatens the community is a spouse who presents himself in different ways in the institution of the family. The present article aims to identify the relationship between social factors affecting spouse abusers in 2017. The relationship has been analyzed by using a descriptive-analytical approach and using the tool of the questionnaire and using SPSS software. The statistical population consisted of 120 women married women who were selected by random sampling method. The results show that male-dominated attitudes have a significant and meaningful relationship with spouse abuse. Also, there was a significant difference between spouses of different ages. The final result of the study was that with regard to the indicators of the patriarchal system, the more unequal power of power, male dominance over women, the patriarchal domination system, the superiority of the male class on women, and the oppression of women in society, the more the amount of spouse in the family is more And the role of the patriarchal system will increase in its formation and prevalence.

The police as one of the main supporters of security have a remarkable place and there is no doubt about perspective of its future role and function. In fact, the cause to challenging police and revision in security is the attitude towards security and then its mechanisms within the perspective. In other words, the area of security is not exception among social and political phenomena and by the passage of time should be changed to attain desirable goals. Having said that, one can not be optimistic about realization of security in the future through the intermediary of old means and approach of security, or handling collective affairs in future by outdated capitals. Thus we need to pay due attention to the organs and principles of the future perspective and to apply intentions and needs to the new conditions. Taking into account this approach and due to the transitional conditions in Iran, the current paper reviews the narrow and wide concept of security as the symbols of security in the past and future and then it compares the minimal and maximal police with each other.

This research is studying the societal security with emphasis on welfare status variable and investigating the rate societal security at present conditions. Health security، Occupational security، emotional security، and ethical security have been assessed as aspects of societal security and considering the welfare status، their differences have been compared with each other. This research is a survey research in which some interviews have been arranged with 420 families in north and south zones of Tehran. For analyzing data the F test has been used. Findings show that there is an effective and meaningful relationship between societal security and the family welfare status. On the other hand the level of family gain from health security، Occupational security، emotional security and ethical security shows a high impact on societal security as a synthetic indicator of various security levels.

Social security is one of the most important measures in the way of preserving the livelihood of social groups vis-à-vis the supreme and exclusive authority as represented by the state. It also provides ground for the enjoyment of opportunities, possibilities and facilities by various social groups in order to attain their functional objectives. This article has studied types of security and social requirements with respect to social security. Examining distinct characteristics of conceptual contours of social security, national security and public security, the article explores the possibility of replacement of national security with social security. On this basis, the realization of social security leads to the opening of doors of solidarity and increased interactions among social groups and strata thus creating a more open social atmosphere. Although social security was initially proposed with the intention of creating security for large religious and ethnic groups which played a role at the transnational and international levels, it lacks, in brief, the necessary mechanisms as an alternative to national security.

Speculation on the social security approach aiming at the explanation of the theoretical relationship between security and identity has been among the recent approaches adopted by Europeans particularly in the field of security studies. This has assisted neo-realists like Barry Buzan and the Copenhagen School’s scholars to explain security enigmas at the both intra- and interstate levels. Barry Buzan was the first to use the term social security in his work “People, States and Fear” and viewed it as threats that endanger the societal identity. On this basis, the main assumption of the social security approach implies that the survival and persistence of any society depends on the preservation of its identity. Such characteristic is more apparent regarding those societies which lack the statehood position and their reactions to the threats that are posed to them are more important in political and security terms. These threats may involve the ban on the use of an identity community’s language, particular name and clothing, the closure of educational and religious places, or the expulsion and extermination of the members of the community in a way that would make their expression of the identity impossible. On this basis, this article seeks to operationalize the concept of security enigma at the intrastate level and to reflect the distinct identities of the self and the other in social relationships.