فهرست مطالب marjan omidi

Synchronization between the embryonic stage and the uterine endometrial lining is important in the outcomes of the vitrified-warmed embryo transfer (ET) cycles.

The aim was to investigate the effect of the exact synchronization between the cleavage stage of embryos and the duration of progesterone administration on the improvement of clinical outcomes in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.

312 FET cycles were categorized into two groups: (A) day-3 ET after three days of progesterone administration (n = 177) and (B) day-2 or -4 ET after three days of progesterone administration (n = 135). Group B was further divided into two subgroups: B1: day-2 ET cycles, that the stage of embryos were less than the administrated progesterone and B2: day-4 ET cycles, that the stage of embryos were more than the administrated progesterone. The clinical outcome measures were compared between the groups.

The pregnancy outcomes between groups A and B showed a significant differences in the chemical (40.1% vs 27.4%; p = 0.010) and clinical pregnancies (32.8% vs 22.2%; p = 0.040), respectively. The rate of miscarriage tended to be higher and live birth rate tended to be lower in group B than in group A. Also, significantly higher rates were noted in chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth in group A when compared with subgroup B2.

Higher rates of pregnancy and live birth were achieved in day-3 ET after three days of progesterone administration in FET cycles.

Preparation of endometrial thickness in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) is extremely important, particularly in repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients.

This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of FET cycles among RIF women, based on the effects of administering gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist prior to estrogen-progesterone preparation of the endometrium.

In this randomized clinical trial, 67 infertile women who were candidates for FET were divided into two groups: A) case group (n = 34), treated with GnRH agonist prior to endometrial preparation and B) control group (n = 33), which received the routine protocol.(6 mg daily estradiol started from second day) The clinical outcomes including chemical and clinical pregnancy, in addition to implantation rates, were compared between the two groups.  

The results showed no significant differences in women’s age (p = 0.558), duration (p = 0.540), type (p = 0.562), and cause of infertility (p = 0.699). Regarding pregnancy and implantation rates, there was a trend toward an increase in the case group; however, differences were not statistically significant.

Although our results showed no significant differences between groups. Because there are trends to better results in case group larger sample size may show significant difference.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of total serum E2 on the day of human chronic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and the serum E2 per oocyte ratio on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles.

A total of 205 women were categorized into 3 groups according to the serum E2 levels: 1: ≤1500 pg/ml; 2: 1500-3000 pg/ml; 3: >3000 pg/ml. Another categorization included 3 groups according to E2/oocyte ratio: A: ≤150 pg/ml per oocyte; B: 150-200 pg/ml per oocyte; and C: >200 pg/ml per oocyte. The outcome compared between groups included laboratory and clinical characteristics. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis, and multiple logistic regression model were performed, and appropriate differences were considered significant at p<0.05.

There was a significant difference between the groups based on the E2 levels with respect to laboratory parameters. In group C, the rates of chemical pregnancy (54.1%), clinical pregnancy (50%) and live birth (45.8%) were significantly higher, when compared to other groups. Moreover, according to E2/oocyte ratio, the rate of live birth was higher in group C compared with group A (18.3%, p=0.04), and group C (29.7%, p<0.0001). Logistic regression showed the number of good quality embryos was a positive predictor for live birth (odds ratio=2.03, 95% CI=1-4.1), but the level of E2 on day of HCG was a negative predictor (odds ratio=0.99, 95% CI=0.99-1).

Supraphysiological levels of E2 had no adverse effects on the quality of the embryos in IVF cycles, but may have adverse effect on live birth in fresh transfer. Also, it is confirmed that both the pregnancy and live birth rates were elevated with E2/oocyte ratio ≥200 pg/ml.

The aim of this study was to screen the potential of human embryos to develop into expanding blastocysts following in vitro embryo splitting and then assess the quality of the generated blastocysts based on chromosomal characteristics and using morphokinetics.

In this experimental study, a total of 82 good quality cleavage-stage donated embryos (8- 14 cells) were used (24 embryos were cultured to the blastocyst stage as controls and 58 embryos underwent in vitro splitting). After in vitro splitting, the blastomere donor and blastomere recipient embryos were named twin A and twin B, respectively. Morphokinetics and morphological parameters were evaluated using a time-lapse system in the blastocysts developed from twin embryos. Aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y were analyzed in the twin blastocysts.

Following in vitro splitting, of the 116 resulting twin embryos, 80 (69%) developed to the expanded blastocyst (EBL) stage compared to 21 (87.5%) embryos in the control group (P>0.05). The morphokinetics analysis suggested that the developmental time-points were influenced by the in vitro splitting. Moreover, the blastocysts developed from A and B twins had impaired morphology compared to controls. Regarding chromosome abnormalities, there was no significant difference in the rate of aneuploidy or mosaicism between the different groups.

This study showed that while no chromosomal abnormalities were seen, in vitro embryo splitting may affect the embryo morphokinetics.

The industrialization of cities has caused excess pollution, so that in large cities this issue has become a serious issue. The growing population on the one hand and the establishment of factories, on the other hand, make this issue even more critical. As a result, the importance of green space is more intense than ever. With the knowledge of the green space and its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, we can plan the future for the future. In this study, quantitative and qualitative characteristics including type of species, liveliness, diameter per hectare and height of trees have been investigated. Then, the diagrams of the diagonal classes were drawn and it was determined that the number of trees in the lower diagonal classes is higher than the high diagonal classes, and the number of trees decreases as we go up to the diameter classes. In the city of Qalaman, the highest altitude associated with the pine trees and the lowest altitude was related to ash tree trees. Also, according to the results, the trees of the park are well-liked. Variety and richness of species were also calculated using PAST software and Ecological-Methodology. The results of Margalf and Munnich richness were respectively 765/0 and 228/0 respectively, and the Simpson and Shannon-Weiner varieties were respectively 992 / 0 and 030/3 respectively. The results indicate a high diversity of species and rich biodiversity in the park of Galamestan.

Nowadays, maintaining and developing of Green spaces in order to improve life quality and sustainability of the cities is very important. By measuring and reviewing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of trees can be identified more resistance species and used in the future plans. In this study, quantitative characteristics (tree diameter and height) and decay have been examined. The diversity and richness of tree species were calculated on the margins of Chaharbagh Abbasi, Chaharbagh Paein and Abbas Abad streets, using PAST software and Ecological-Methodology, and compared with each other. The results showed that in Charbagh Abbasi Street, Margalof and Munnikh species richeness were 0.604 and 0.182 respectively, Chaharbagh Paein Avenue, respectively, was 0.21 and 0.643 respectively, and Abbas Abad Street, respectively, was 0.624 And 0.202. Also, the Simpson and Shannon-Weiner variations for each of the three streets were equal to 0.445, 0.721, 0.4487, 0.0899, 0.894 and 0.739 respectively. In general, the results indicated that Abbas Abad's biodiversity and bioavailability are relatively more than the two other streets.

Methamphetamine (MA) was shown to have harmful effects on malereproductive system.

To investigate probable effects of daily administration of MA on spermparameters and chromatin/DNA integrity in mouse.
Material and

Thirty-five NMRI male mice were divided into five groupsincluding low, medium, and high dosage groups which were injectedintraperitoneally with 4, 8 and 15 mg/kg/day for 35 days, respectively. Normalsaline was injected in sham group and no medications were used in control group.Then, the mice were killed and caudal epididymis of each animal was cut and placedin Ham’s F10 medium for sperm retrieval. To evaluate sperm chromatinabnormalities, the aniline blue, toluidine blue and chromomycine A3 were used. Forsperm DNA integrity and apoptosis, the acridine orange, sperm chromatindispersion, and TUNEL assay were applied. For sperm morphology, Papanicolaoustaining was done

Normal morphology and progressive motility of spermatozoa decreased inmedium and high dosage groups in comparison with the control group (p=0.035).There was a significant increase in rate of aniline blue, toluidine blue, andchromomycine A3 positive spermatozoa in high dosage group. In a similar manner,there was an increase in rates of acridine orange, TUNEL and sperm chromatindispersion positive sperm cells in high dosage group with respect to others.

MA abuse in a dose-dependent manner could have detrimental effectson male reproductive indices including sperm parameters and spermchromatin/DNA integrity in mice.

Cyclophosphamide is a chemo-therapeutic agent in the treatment of the various cancers and autoimmune diseases. This composition has cytotoxic and clastogenic properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, protective effect of methanol extracts of thymus vulgaris against DNA damage induced by cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow cells by the micronucleus test.

In this study, the concentrations of extracts 375, 750, 1500 mg/kg body weight (bw) were injected intraperitoneally (ip), into mice for seven consecutive days. One hour after the last injection, cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally (ip) have been injected into mice. 24h after cyclophosphamide injection, the animals were sacrificed and samples of bone marrow were prepared and stained using standard methods. For each sample, 1000 cells of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and the same frequence of normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) and cells containing micronucleus of these were counted.

Cyclophosphamide increased the frequency of micronuclei polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCE) and decreased cell proliferation (PCE/PCE+NCE). All doses of extracts significantly reduced the micronucleus frequency ratio (P<0.05). The cells proliferation ratio (PCE/PCE+NCE) also increased. The best effect in reducing the micronucleus frequency was 1500 mg/kg bw dosage.

Thymus extract is able to reduce the clastogenic and cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide, seems to extract due to its antioxidant properties, has a protective role.

Saccharin is an artificial non-caloric sweetener that used to sweeten products such as drinks, candies, medicines, and toothpaste, but our bodies cannot metabolize it. Sodium saccharin is considered as an important factor in tumor promotion in male rats but not in humans. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of saccharin consumption on sperm parameters and apoptosis in adult mice. Totally 14 adult male mice were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 served as control fed on basal diet and group 2 or experimental animals received distilled water containing saccharin (0.2% w/v) for 35 days. After that, the left cauda epididymis of each mouse was cut and placed in Ham’s F10. Swimmed-out spermatozoa were used to analyze count, motility, morphology (Pap-staining) and viability (eosin-Y staining). Sperm DNA integrity, as an indicator of apoptosis, was assessed by SCD (sperm chromatin dispersion) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TUNEL) assay. Following saccharin consumption, we had a reduction in sperm motility with respect to control animals (p=0.000). In addition, the sperm count diminished (17.70±1.11 in controls vs. 12.80±2.79 in case group, p=0.003) and the rate of sperm normal morphology decreased from 77.00±6.40 in control animals into 63.85±6.81 in saccharin-treated mice (p=0.001). Also, we saw a statistically significant increase in rates of sperm DNA damage and apoptosis in experimental group when compared to control one (p=0.001, p=0.002 respectively). Saccharin consumption may have negative effects on sperm parameters, and increases the rate of sperm DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in mice.

In vitro maturation (IVM) is a promising treatment option for certain infertile women. Nowadays, with the aid of PolScope, it has become possible to evaluate zona pellucida (ZP) characteristics as a parameter of oocyte quality. Moreover, quality of oocytes can be influenced by many factors, such as patient’s age. The PolScope system is a non-invasive technique to assess birefringent structures such as the meiotic spindle and ZP in living oocytes. The aim was to determine the influence of the woman''s age on ZP birefringence, a sign of oocyte quality, and morphology of in-vitro matured human oocytes using non-invasive polarized light (PolScope) microscopy. ZP birefringence and morphology were determined in 105 retrieved oocytes from 58 women undergoing ICSI in two age groups (≥30 years and <30 years). The immature oocytes were selected and after IVM, the quality of metaphase ΙΙ (MII) oocytes was assessed. The oocytes abnormalities were classified as intracytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic abnormalities. Oocyte maturation rates were significantly reduced in ≥30 year’s women (56%) in comparison with other age group (80.7%). In addition, the ZP birefringence was significantly higher in MII oocytes in the younger group compared with the older group (76.2% vs. 38.1%; p=0.00). Following morphologic assessment, the rates of oocytes with extracytoplasmic (p=0.02) and both abnormalities (extra- and intracytoplasmic) (p=0.01) were higher in aged versus the younger women. There was a positive relationship between advanced maternal age with decreased ZP birefringence and oocyte morphological quality in in-vitro matured human oocytes.

In this paper, a new approach to team staffing is proposed using effectiveness criteria and PROMETHEE method. Initially, the most important criteria are identified through background studies, the questionnaires and interviews, and their comparison. These criteria are both quantitative and qualitative and can be classified in four groups including: personal, team working, organizational and occupational; and can be modified based on the nature and the virtue of the company. In addition to the criteria, scaled weights and the candidates’ specifications constitute the input to the model. Next, PROMETHEE technique in Decision Lab software is applied for solving the model. Since the weights of the criteria directly affect on the responses, the technique works straightforward and efficient. It promptly specifies an order of the best choices of members for the team which is perfectly in agreement with the arrangement suggested by the head of the team. This model is finally verified with GAHP method and the validation of the results is confirmed.