فهرست مطالب marya cheraghi

Context: 

A wide range of complications, including chronic respiratory diseases, asthma attacks, cardiovascular diseases (CDs), various cancers (blood, lung, and brain), and even death, can result from air pollution. It is essential to assess the health effects on humans caused by environmental air pollutants and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this review study was to investigate the synergistic effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and air pollutants on the risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), CDs, and respiratory diseases (RDs).

Evidence Acquisition: 

An extensive literature review was conducted. A total of 1 005 articles were retrieved from sources, including Google Scholar, Springer, PubMed, Web of Science, and Springer databases. In the final stage of the literature review, a significant association between mortality related to COVID-19 and air pollution emissions was identified, contributing to the risk factors associated with CDs and RDs.

The result showed that air pollution can have synergistic effects on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 viruses and has an increasing effect on the incidence of RDs [such as SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)] and CDs. According to the findings, exposure to toxic air pollutants, whether chronic or acute, can have severe effects, including a decrease in airway ciliary function, damage to the mucous membrane, reduced air sac elasticity, decreased lung capacity, and an increased risk of CDs.

COVID-19 and air pollutants pose a serious threat to human and animal health. Epidemiological studies have shown that in addition to environmental conditions, individual sensitivity plays a key role in the development of conditions such as COPD, CDs, RDs, cancer, and mortality.

To tackle the 2019 coronavirus infection (COVID-19) disease pandemic, effective antiviral therapy is critical. We assessed the efficacy of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir for treating patients with COVID-19.  This was a randomized controlled trial in adults with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease admitted to Razi Teaching Hospital in Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran. Patients were randomly assigned to the sofosbuvir and daclatasvir group (n=35, intervention group) and control group (n=35, standard care). The primary endpoint of this study was the length of hospital stay, clinical improvement, mechanical ventilation, mortality, and side effect. We found that the combination of Daclatasvir and Sofosbuvir (DCV+SOF) did not make a statistically significant difference in terms of mortality. There was no significant difference in the duration of hospitalization between the two groups. The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of the frequency of side effects. There were 2 cases of intubation and death in both groups. The medications used in this study, i.e, the combination of daclatasvir and sofosbuvir, failed to show a significant effect in patients, and despite promising laboratory studies, there were no improvements observed in vital signs and the indicators studied, including clinical signs. Hospitalization days, ventilator requirements and mortality did not make a significant difference. To confirm the results of this study, conducting researches with a larger sample size are needed.

Objective (s): The study aimed to assess the effect of a transtheoretical model based education nutritional behavior of middleaged women in Ahvaz, Iran. This was a semi-interventional study on a 126 middle-aged among 30-59 years old. All women were selected by simple random sampling in two groups (intervention and control),. Data were collected a questionnaire including items on transtherotretical constructs and nutritional behavior. According to primary analyses in two group, first the intervention group divided into 4 groups (based on stages of change). The educational intervention was conducted in three sessions through group discussions and lectures. Nine weeks later, two groups were assessed for post-test. The independent t-test, paired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance and chi-square were used to analyze the data. The mean age of participants in the intervention group was 37.71(6.8) and in the control group it was 38.57 (7.71) years. Before the intervention, the two groups were scrutinized regarding the homogeneity of demographic variables and the structures of the nutrition pattern and behavior. There were no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the scores [mean score (SD)] for stages of change including the process of change (from 21.34 (6.7) to 34.03 (11.3), decision-making balance (18.44 (4.15) to23.14 (5.11), and self-efficiency (from 22.74 (6.64) to 25.39 (6.18) showed significant changes compared to before the intervention (p<0.05). Moreover, nutrition behavior was increased from 21.34 ±6.7 to 34.03 ±11.31 which indicated a significant difference (p<0.05). The findings suggest that a Transtheoretical model based educational intervention might be effective in improving nutritional behavior among middle-aged women.