فهرست مطالب maryam bakhshandeh bavarsad

As the population ages, chronic diseases increase and the elderly who have insufficient health literacy are one of the risk groups related to high blood pressure. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between health literacy and self-care ability in the elderly with hypertension.

The current study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 301 elderly people who referred to specialized polyclinics of social security in Tehran in 2021. The data was collected by simple sampling method using short cognitive test tools, self-care ability questionnaire of elderly people, health literacy questionnaire of Iranians. Then it was analyzed by descriptive statistics, frequency distribution table and inferential and correlation statistical tests with SPSS version 22 software.

The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants was 68.88 ± 7.2 years. The mean and standard deviation of the self-care index of people is 58.51 ± 9.1 and the mean and standard deviation of the health literacy score is 110.74 ± 33.98. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between the two variables of health literacy level and self-care ability (p>0.001). Also, the average score of health literacy for men was significantly higher than that of women (P=0.001).

The results show that interventions to improve health literacy are important to increase the ability of self-care behaviors in the elderly, it is necessary to improve health literacy in the elderly with high blood pressure and provide them with intervention and educational information.

Telenursing is a simple method to provide and maintain nursing care for patients with chronic illness such as diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of telenursing on body mass index (BMI) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in illiterate patients aged 50 years and older with type 2diabetes.

A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed. Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes who referred to Aligoodarz diabetes clinic (Lorestan, Iran) were randomly assigned to the intervention and control group. Each patient was assessed before and after intervention for the following clinical parameters: HbA1c by Drew-DS5 analyzer and weight by scale (Sahand BMI electronic scale /Iran). All patients received diabetes self-care training for 3 days before the study. Telephone follow ups were applied in intervention group for 12 weeks. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, paired t-test and independent t-test by SPSS11.

Results showed statistically significant decrease in BMI at the end of the training from 29.28(3.29) to 28.35(3.37) Kg/m2 and statistically significant decrease in HbA1c from 8.96(1.24) to 7.56(0.71) in the intervention group. The effect size base on Cohen’s formula for BMI and HbA1c was Cohen’s d=2.85, Effect size r= 0.81 and Cohen’s d=2.04, Effect size r= 0.71 respectively.

The findings indicate that Nurse-led telephone follow up can increase adherence from treatment program and has beneficial effects on HbA1c and BMI in illiterate patients aged 50 years and older with type 2 diabetes.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the fourth cause of mortality worldwide. Patients with COPD experience periods of dyspnea, fatigue, and disability, which impact on their life. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of short‑term inspiratory muscle training on exercise capacity, exertional dyspnea, and pulmonary lung function. A randomized, controlled trial was performed. Thirty patients (27 males, 3 females) with mild to very severe COPD were randomly assigned to a training group (group T) or to a control group (group C). Patients in group T received training for 8 weeks (15 min/day for 6 days/week) with flow‑volumetric inspiratory exerciser named (Respivol). Each patient was assessed before and after 8 weeks of training for the following clinical parameters: exercise capacity by 6‑min walking test (6MWT), exertional dyspnea by Borg scale, and pulmonary lung function by spirometry. Patients used training together with medical treatment. The data were analyzed using paired t‑test and independent t‑test. Results showed statistically significant increase in 6MWT at the end of the training from 445.6 ± 22.99 to 491.06 ± 17.67 meters? (P < 0.001) and statistically significant decrease in dyspnea from 3.76 ± 0.64 to 1.13 ± 0.36 (P = 0.0001) in the training group but not in the control group. The values for exercise capacity and dyspnea improved after 8 weeks in group T in comparison with group C (P = 0.001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). No changes were observed in any measure of pulmonary function in both groups. Short‑term inspiratory muscle training has beneficial effects on exercise capacity and exertional dyspnea in COPD patients.

Variations in diurnal preferences for activity and sleep are classified as morning and evening chronotypes. Morning and evening-type individuals differ regarding a number of psychological and biological variables such as sleep. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between chronotypes and sleep quality.Patients and In this descriptive, correlational study, 159 university girl students were studied. Horne-Ostberg Mornigness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess chronotypes and sleep quality respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive and Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient tests by SPSS software version 16. Over 60% of the students were categorized as poor-quality sleepers by the PSQI, 69.2%, 27.5%, and 3.2% of the subjects were intermediate, evening, and morning types, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between MEQ and PSQI scores and its dimensions such as subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency (P < 0.05); while there were no significant differences between sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, use of sleep medication, and MEQ scores. The results showed that the quality of evening type sleep was worse than that of the morning type.

One of the problems of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the weakness of the respiratory muscles that causes oxygen desaturation at rest and activity and decreases exercise tolerance.. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on arterial oxygen saturation (SPO2)..Patients and Forty patients with mild to very severe COPD were recruited for this study, which is a randomized control trail. The patients were randomized to IMT (inspiratory muscle training) and control group. Training was performed with Respivol (a kind of inspiratory muscle trainer) for 8 weeks (15 min/d for 6 d/week). SPSS software version 16 was used to analyze the data by performing independent t test, paired t test, and Fisher exact test.. Results showed that, after 8 weeks of inspiratory muscle training, there was a little increase (but not statistically significant improvement) in SPO2 (from 92.6 ± 8.71 % to 95.13 ± 7.08 %, with P = 0.06), whereas it remained unchanged in the control group (from 96.0 ± 3.46 % to 96.4 ± 3.35 % with P = 0.51). No statistically significant difference was seen between the two groups (P > 0.05).. Although inspiratory muscles training can prevent desaturation, which is caused by activity, it fails to improve it..

Dyspnea is described as a sensation of difficulty awareness in breathing and it is a common complaint of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to investigate the related factors of exersional dyspnea and determine the predictors of it. Across-sectional study was developed on 37 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease referred to Specialized Pulmonary Clinic of Aria Hospital in Ahvaz in 2011. Purposive sampling method was used gathering the samples. The 6Minute Walk Test (6MWT) was performed at the end of the test based on American Thorax Society’s protocol exersional dyspnea was measured by Borg scale. Also the health related quality of life was assessed by the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The data was analyzed using Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Multivariate linear regression. The finding revealed that there was a negative significant relation between dyspnea and exercise tolerance(r=-0.33, p<0.05).A positive correlation was observed between dyspnea and quality of life (r=0.60, p<0.001).Moreover, no statistically significant correlation was found between dyspnea and blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate and O2sat before 6MWT. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the O2sat and respiratory rate after exercise and forced expiratory flow the middle 50% of the FVC (FEF25-75) was identified as independent predictor of the exersional dyspnea(p<0.05). The result showed that the patients with more dyspnea had a lower exercise tolerance and quality of life. Tree factors consist of the O2sat and respiratory rate after exercise and FEF25-75 maybe were the predictors of exersional dyspnea.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is currently the fourth cause of mortality worldwide. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experience periods of dyspnea and disability, which lead to a worsening of their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate correlation between quality of life and disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease referred to the hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences were recruited. St. George''s quality of life questionnaire was applied to collect data. Data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS software version 16. The result revealed that the quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is low in all levels of disease. There was a significant relationship between total scores of the quality of life and its two dimensions (activity and symptom) with disease severity (p<0.05). Whereas no significant relations were observed between the impacting dimension and disease severity. The quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deteriorates by increasing disease severity.