فهرست مطالب maryam bayranvandzadeh

Nowadays, with the increasing trend of urban growth and social insecurity in the cities, study about the factors of security and physical, cultural and functional perspectives of urban security threat affecting citizens and municipal experts. Scientific analysis and decision-making principles and urban design basics and the strategies for strengthening urban security are essential to such investigations. Urban space as a subset of the physical security is not an exception. This means the physical and social dimensions of a dynamic relationship with each other. Thus, the problems of public spaces in urban security are the subject of many challenges. In this way, we can feature the factors in the genesis of criminal behavior in two parts of the city or other physical characteristics or features. This is one of the most essential factors in the optimal performance of publicly vision of the people (citizens – consumers), the views of users about security in public spaces (Priority s), among the most important criteria in prioritizing survey and assessment of these spaces. Therefore, the metropolitan city of Mashhad, Samen, as the religious center of Iran requires to be assessed in qualitative and quantitative development of regional security in urban areas,. Accordingly, the model of network analysis process (ANP) to analyze and select the physical structure of the security strategy.

The research methodology is chosen based on objectives, research type and characteristic of the subject. The present study involves collection and analysis of causal relationships among objective and subjective factors. This paper describes a method to assess the current status of the case and emphasized on its practical use. In this descriptive study, based on research studies, a library of documents and field studies go directly to the respective questionnaires at two levels. The first is survey methods in the social dimension of the space research. To gather the information needed with regard to the overall purpose of the research and study of urban space (parks, streets and markets), a total of 200 questionnaires (sample size) were distributed using situational sampling method (a sample point) and random sample (probability) in urban and residential, and commercial areas. The analysis performed in this study was carried out by software SPSS, ARCGIS10, Excel and method of multi-criteria decision analysis to assess data and information collected by questionnaires. The matrix-based approach of analytic network process (ANP) used in the model.

Rate is a measure of the weight of the model based on the output data and those obtained from the survey conducted in Mashhad ANP model. It is based on weight range. In order to determine the weights of index (components and sub-components,) and determine the type and severity of the impact on the physical structure of urban security, we calculated the relationship between weighting matrix. The main challenges in this area can lead to neglection of urban spaces. Thus, in addition to the crime, socio-economic and cultural sufficient physical and environmental conditions are the main causes for insecurity in the region.

Output and model results show the higher priority given to security issues in urban spaces of Mashhad. The results of the model show functionality and performance of the ANP model selection strategy for the security of the physical structure of urban spaces in Samen, Mashhad. The results also show that cluster performance indicators / functions affecting safety in urban areas. Based on the results of the cluster nodes in Mashhad priority areas, environmental security should be classified. According to cluster analysis criteria and the results obtained from the model virtual network, the current security distribution is (model results) matched with Mashhad area.

In all over the history of settlement¡ the city and its surrounding areas such as its villages have been always connected together in an organic way. It will not be found in any historical sources that the city and its surrounding areas are mentioned independently (Rezvani¡ 1382: 2). Since increased rural migration to cities¡ the quantity and population growth of cities¡ emerging new cities from large villages and developing industrial activities face the country with different issues of urban construction. In response to these issues¡ different approaches were proposed. One of these approaches emphasizes on the use of combination of city and its area¡ city and its villages in order to urban development. This approach considers villages as primary and small nuclei which will be merged to cities or spending the early stages of urbanization. Thus¡ while the range of needs and demands of rural and urban areas are emphasized separately¡ responding to the diverse range of demands¡ and placement and provision of each demand in spatial field is designed and performed. This approach is as rational as being the most natural way of dealing with urban and rural development. Yazd is an ancient city at the central of Iran plateau and adjacent to the central desert of Iran with people who lived there centuries before Islam. Causes of expansion of this city can be listed as winds¡ being at the center¡ water and Business Economics. This city includes 3 urban areas and 9 urban regions. The city has 45 neighborhoods in which the old and traditional ones have been faced with the physical changes (tall and town building) which led to structurally different viewpoints from the past. According to the physical criteria¡ we can consider all surrounding rural - urban areas as neighborhoods’ of Yazd and recognize the urban set which is called “Yazd urban area” (Yazd Regional Comprehensive Plan ¡ 1381 : 220 ). This comparative study aims to evaluate the functional and structural changes due to the annexation and cohesion of rural areas of Yazd. This study used descriptive and analytical methods. Under studied Geographic region are Eish Abad and Kheir Abad villages¡ in Zone 3 of Yazd¡ with 750 hectares spaces and population density of 17.04 people per square. Required information of this study has been prepared through documents and theories¡ using statistical sources including the results of Population and Housing Census of 1385. To study the impacts of annexation to Yazd on these two villages¡ functional and structural changes through well-known models of population growth index¡ Holdern and Shannon entropy have been used. The results show that by joining these villages to Yazd¡ some structural and functional changes have emerged which have caused in widespread development¡ destruction of agricultural lands and allocating surrounding lands to different land uses. Evaluating the comparative land use table of these two villages in 1365 and 1385 Shows that the annexation phenomenon have not strongly influenced on changing land uses and some public land uses such as health care¡ green space¡ sport and religious places face with shortage. The results of analyses prove the effect of population growth in Eish Abad and Kheir Abad on the level of physical development of Yazd is low although it can influence on increasing residential land use. Although the annexation of these villages to Yazd is a natural and inevitable occurrence in urban development of Yazd which can cause trends of new jobs and welfare¡ this urban development should be based on sustainable development in order to decrease environmental damages and bring many benefits.

this study aimed to identify risk zoning and development strategies for ecotourism activities, have been carried out in the city of Kouhdasht. The research - descriptive and analytical survey methods and libraries used to collect data. For analyze data from Arc GIS software and spatial analysis models of SWOT model for developing ecotourism sector strategies are used. The results indicate the potential for ecotourism in the northern part of the study area among the diverse activities in this sector, and Rock Climbing Activities is one of the important activity inthe development plan, this field should be considered., Southern parts is in average condition and other parts of the study area are not in good condition. Meanwhile, the strategy should be minimal - at least for development (activities) of ecotourism in the study area should be considered.