فهرست مطالب maryam hajimoradi

Infectious diseases are major complications after solid organ transplantation. Heart transplant patients have a high mortality rate after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines have shown efficacy in generating specific immune response. This study aims to describe the COVID-19 infection before and after vaccination in heart transplant recipients.

This was a single-center cohort study including 95 heart transplant recipients with laboratory radiological confirmed COVID-19. 

COVID-19 infection was present before vaccination in 33 (35.78%) patients. The most frequent COVID-19 clinical presentations before vaccination were cough in 21 (63.63%) and myalgia in 19 (57.57%) patients; 12 (36.36%) were hospitalized; 17 (51.51%) cases had oxygen depletion and required supplemental oxygen; none of them needed invasive ventilation. Of the entire 33 COVID-19 patients, two patients (6.06%) re-experienced the disease about two months after complete vaccination and both of them were recovered. 63 heart transplant patients had not experienced COVID-19 before vaccination, of which 59 patients received vaccination. After two months, 23 vaccinated patients were infected with COVID-19 again, and 2 of the 3 patients who were not vaccinated were also infected. Five patients passed away in the whole study.

Heart transplant patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at greater risk of severe infection and death compared with immunocompetent individuals. Thus, COVID-19 vaccination for all HT recipients is of paramount importance.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly contagious infectious disease, has had a catastrophic effect on the world’s demographics resulting in more than 2.9 million deaths worldwide till January 2021. It can lead to systemic multi-organ complications; in particular, venous and arterial thromboembolism risk is significantly increased. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs in 22.7% of patients with COVID‐19 in the ICU and 8% in non‐ICU hospitalized patients. Studies evaluating thromboprophylaxis strategies in patients with COVID‐19 are needed to improve the prevention of VTE. VTE is the most commonly reported thrombotic complication, with higher incidence rates among critically ill patients. Several vaccines have been licensed and are currently used to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, several cases of vaccine-induced thrombosis have been reported. Vaccination remains the most critical measure to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a broad consensus that the benefits of vaccination greatly outweigh the potential risks of rare vaccine side effects, such as vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Therefore, the importance of vaccination should be emphasized. This statement aims to focus on VITT.

The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of gallic acid (GA) for 21 days alone and in combination with exercise on nerve conduction velocity and sensory and motor functions in rats with sciatic nerve crush. Seventy adult male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were divided randomly into 7 groups with 10 in each: 1) Control (Cont), 2) Crushed + Vehicle (Cr +Veh), 3-5) Crushed + gallic acid (Cr+GA) (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/2 mL, orally), 6) Crushed + exercise (Cr+Exe), and 7) Crushed + exercise + effective dose of gallic acid (Cr+Exe +GA200) for 21 days. In order to establish an animal model of sciatic nerve crush, equivalent to 7 kg of force pressed on 2-3 mm of sciatic nerve for 30 s, three times with 30 s intervals. Pain sense reflex in hot plate, motor coordination in rotarod, and sciatic nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) in all groups were tested. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test and p<0.05 has assigned as the significant difference. Pain threshold was increased significantly in untreated crushed rats while motor function and SNCV were decreased in all groups with nerve crush (p<0.05, p<0.01, p GA, dose-dependently, may have therapeutic potential to improve the peripheral nerve degeneration, which is most likely related, at least in part, to its antioxidant and therapeutic properties.