maryam mohajerani

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is an enveloped DNA virus in the Herpesviridae family which causes various infections globally. Acyclovir (ACV) is a choice treatment, and the widespread usage of ACV has lead to the emergence of HSV strains resistant to ACV. Therefore, the discovery of novel anti-HSV drugs deserves great effort. Oliveria decumbens is a traditional medicinal plant used in Iran for many purposes, particularly for gastrointestinal disorders and analgesia. There is no report about antiviral effects of this plant; so, this report was the first study to evaluate antiviral effects of Oliveria decumbens. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antiviral activity of Oliveria decumbens flowers methanolic extract against HSV-1.
In this laboratorial study, methanolic extract of the dried powder was obtained through maceration method. Then, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporator. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay in Vero cell line and at different incubation times. Cell cultures were treated with the extract before, during, and after infection to study its antiviral activity.
Findings: The cytotoxicity results revealed that cytotoxic concentration of the extract which reduced viable cells number by 50% (CC50) was above the range of 1500µg/ml. The findings also indicated that the plant extract had the most antiviral activity when it was mixed with the virus, and this mixture was used to infect the cells where it reached a high antiviral activity of 43.75percent.
Discussion & As demonsterated by our gains, the tested methanolic extract displayed a moderate antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-1

Peroxidases catalyze protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. The activity of these enzymes in nerve cells is involved in causing disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. This study investigated the effect of Citrus aurantium, Foeniculum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils on activity of peroxidase enzyme.
All three medicinal plants were dried at room temperature. Their essential oil was extracted by steam distillation using a Clevenger apparatus. Optimal reaction conditions were determined in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and guaiacol as substrate and hydrogen donor, respectively. Enzyme kinetics of zucchini peroxidase were evaluated by increasing the amount of essential oils in optimal reaction conditions. Enzyme reaction rate for each of the essential oils and the Km and Vmax values were determined.
The results indicated concentration-dependent effect of the extracted essential oils on enzyme kinetics at optimum temperature of 50 °C and optimal pH of 6.5. The essential oil of Citrus aurantium had non-competitive inhibitory effects on the enzyme with Km of 6.25 mM, while the enzyme’s Vmax significantly reduced by increasing the concentration. Foeniculum vulgare showed mixed inhibition effect with Km of 7.14 mmol per 20 μl of the essential oil, but had a decreasing effect on the Vmax in smaller amounts. Finally, Rosmarinus officinalis showed activating effects by reducing the Km to 4-5.88 mM.
The essential oils of Citrus aurantium and Foeniculum vulgare are inhibitors of the peroxidase enzyme and can be further studied as natural herbal medicines.

The natural children and the legal capacity related to them has been always a matter of controversy in many legal systems. In some legal systems such as France, homogenizing the rights of legitimate and illegitimate children is sought, while in Islamic countries, particularly in Iran, the purity of parentage is the matter in legislation relating to children. This article explains the arguments for and against the homogenizing rights of illegitimate children; stating that advocates argue for homogenizing of children's rights, whether legitimate or illegitimate, with an emphasis on the principle of individualization of punishment; They believe that considering some deprivation for natural children, while they normally have no role in the matter is contrary to justice and anyone should not be punished for the mistakes of others. In contrast, opponents state that the abolition of the statutory deprivation for these children is not only to the detriment of families, but it would weaken the foundation of them and cause in diminution of relative interests and also in damaging the children, who come into the existence through this way. Hence, with an awareness of the adverse consequences of failure to guarantee the generation of illegal relationships outside of the families, the Islamic legislator seeks to protect the health of generations and purity of people in the community. Because, in the Islamic religion, purity of parentage is one of the main intentions, so that many of the provisions have been issued in order to protect and preserve it.

Nesfatin-1 is a 82-amino acid peptide recently discovered in the brain which is derived from nucleobindin2 (NUCB)، a protein that is highly conserved across mammalian species. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training with and without Magnolia officinalis extract on resting level of liver nesfatin-1، glycogen and TAC in male rats. Twenty eight adult male Wistar rats (6–8 weeks old، 128–154 g) were used for this study. Animals were randomly divided into four groups including: saline-control، magnolia-control، saline-training and magnolia-training. The training group was exercised for 6 weeks (at 25 m/min، 0% grade، for 60 min/day، 5 days/week). The extract was orally administered for 4 weeks. Rats were sacrificed 72 h after the last session of exercise under a 4-h fasting. Liver nesfatin-1 concentration was significantly higher in magnolia-training group when compared with the saline-training group and this increase was accompanied by a significantly higher liver of glycogen content in magnolia-training group when compared with magnolia-control and saline-training groups. Liver TAC concentration in the magnolia-training group was also significantly higher than the other groups. There was a significant and positive correlation between liver glycogen and nesfatin-1، indicating an effect of liver glycogen changes on liver nesfatin-1 concentration and a possible role of nesfatin-1 in energy homeostasis and Magnolia officinalis extract supplementation with endurance training can improve liver antioxidant capacity.