maryam mousivand

Purpose:

 Since the development of entrepreneurial activities in rural areas reduces many initial costs, and because the agricultural production is centered in rural areas, agricultural graduates can make closer and easier relationships with beneficiaries. Therefore, the current research was conducted aimed at analyzing the rural entrepreneurial intentions of agricultural students of Hamadan University based on the extended theory of planned behavior. 

Design/methodology/implications:

 The population of the study were all senior agricultural students of Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan (N = 420). The simple random sampling method and Krejcie and Morgan table were used respectively to sample the research population and to determine the sample size (n = 200). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. To verify the reliability of the research tool, a pilot study and the calculation of the ordinal theta coefficient were also conducted.

Findings: 

The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the indicators used to measure the latent attributes studied in this research are consistent with the factor structure and the theoretical basis of the research. The results showed that three main components of TPB (attitude, perceived behavioral control and social norms) had a positive and significant effect on rural entrepreneurial intentions of students, which predicts 51% of the variance of rural entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, adding six entrepreneurial skills to the model, the predictive power of TPB increased by 19%. 

Research limitations/implications:

One of the most important limitations was the accurate assessment of the entrepreneurial skills. Practical implications- Considering the interaction of motivational and skill components, it can be inferred that students’ confidence in their entrepreneurial abilities and skills in order to launch and manage a new business gives them the power to have creative intentions and decisions to start a new activity .

This study contributed to integrate skills and behavioral components for improving the rural entrepreneurial intentions of agricultural students. The results contribute to enriching the literature on rural entrepreneurial intention. This study documents the entrepreneurial intention and skills as important precursors to students’ decision to create new agricultural business.

Social capital considered valuable capital of organizations and it can be creation facilitator of learning organizations. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social capital components on creation of learning organizations among staff of Organization of Agriculture Jahad in Hamedan Province. The descriptive research has done by survey method and questionnaire instrument. The study population was consisted of 625 staff of Organization of Agriculture Jahad in Hamedan Province. The sample size was determined to be 237 staff by using Krejcie and Morgan Table. In this study, stratified random sampling was used. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Reliability was strengthened through pilot testing and calculating Cronbach’s alpha. Data was analyzed using a structural equation modeling technique. Findings showed that three dimensions of cognitive, constructive and communicational have significant effect on social capital. Also, empowerment of staff and organizational transformation had the most impact on creation of learning organization. Also, conceptual model of study was good fitness. In finally, according to results, some applied recommendations have presented at the end of article.

Single strand DNA or RNA known as aptamers, are able to detect the target molecule with specificity at the monoclonal antibody level. However, the placement of mycotoxins in small molecule groups and their high molecular weight differences with aptamers have become a serious challenge in introducing aptameric probes for them. In the present study, in order to achieve a new and shorter aptamers sequence for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), an initial oligonucleotide library (Lib1) was designed based on the sequence of a known AFB1 aptamer (named Apt1, 50 bp) using the genetic algorithm. The best aptamer from the Lib1 library was selected based on the molecular docking results and has been modified to create a new library (Lib2) using the truncating strategy. Virtual screening of the Lib2 library in terms of their binding affinity over AFB1 molecule led to obtain the truncated aptamer, C52-T, with 19 bp in length. Type of interaction and stability of C52-T-AFB1 complex were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and MM-PBSA method. The affinity constant of C52, C52-T and Apt1 aptamers over AFB1 were estimated through unmodified gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assay. The experimentally founding and in silico results were completely consistent. It seems that the computational techniques have the great potential to introduce sensitive molecular probes to design specific mycotoxins aptasensors.

The purpose of this research is to explain the role of awareness in the relationship between the leader and follower in the light of the Qur'an and the offspring (Etrath).

The present research is a kind of qualitative research, as content analysis, and the research was investigated using the method of the Quranic subject matter research on the word knowledge. Validity and reliability of the extracted concepts were confirmed by experts in this field. Result and

The results of the extant study of the community which is the holy Quranic aspect and the translation of the verses of the text from the text of al-Mizan's interpretation books have revealed that awareness of five items, the status and value of knowledge, factors and areas of awareness, barriers to awareness , The reflection of awareness in the performance of leaders led to a reflection of the awareness of followers.

Human resources are the most valuable source of today's organization; because they formulate organizational decisions, solves the problems of the organization and objectifying the efficiency. On the other hand, the importance of management and its impact on the development of human societies is quite clear. Experiences have shown that, societies have grown and developed more and sooner than the others, that have enjoyed the right rulers. In this regard, meritocracy management is one of the important issues in the field of human resource management, which regardless of the religious doctrine does not come to the end. Using a content analysis method this paper seeks to investigate the competency indicators of management from the viewpoint of Imam Ali (as). Considering the positions and occupations in his era, he provides criteria for the appointment of brokers; criteria that are rooted in the Quranic criteria; these indicators can be presented in two dimensions: "axiological-ethical" and "organizational-social". Of course, these two merits are so intertwined among the words of the Imam, so that their separation is difficult. The research findings based on the content analysis show that, with respect to the axiological-ethical aspect, Imam has emphasized on factors such as faith, ethics, insight, trustiness, Open breast, humility, good manner, tolerance, forgiveness, secrecy and keeping promises, and with regard to the organizational-social aspect, he has emphasized on merit, justice taking criticism, consulting, simple living, good reputation, adherence to the traditions, expediency, respecting the clients, punctuality, fairness in reward and punishment and decisiveness in action.

Microbial β - 1, 4 glucanase is one of the key enzymes in glucan hydrolysis. Among bacteria, Bacillus species is a main source for industrial glucanse production. According to interaction between environmental factors on the enzymatic catalytic properties, in this study the potential of β-glucanase production by native strain B. subtilis B5d isolated from apple phyllosphere orchards and determination and modeling the optimum conditions of enzyme activity was surveyed.
In this study, the potential of β-glucanase production by B. subtilis B5d was confirmed using qualitative method. The B. subtilis B5d isolate was identified through biochemical and molecular methods. Determination of optimum condition for beta glucanase activity was evaluated by response surface method and Central Composite Design. Investigated variables included temperature (20- 80 °C), pH (3.5- 8) and concentration of substrate (0.1- 1%).
According to the molecular and biochemical analysis, the strain B. subtilis B5d belonges to B.subtilis species. Based on the Central Composite Design results, the quadratic model was the most suitable model for predicting β-glucanase activity in experimental temperature, pH and substrate concentration range. Furthermore, the optimization of enzyme activity showed that the β-glucanase produced by strain B5d has highest catalytic activity at pH (5.5- 7) and temperature (50- 65°C) and the high concentration of lechinan. However, the enzyme activity is reduced in 80 and 20 °C as well as low concentration of substrate. Validation test of the prediction model of optimization obtained by response surface methodology showed a good agreement between experimental and predicted data.
Discussion and According to the optimum catalytic characteristics, the β-glucanase produced by B. subtilis B5d has a potential to be used as a feed additive.

Xylanases are widely used in various food industries، including livestock and poultry feed industries، the pulp and paper industry، as well as the pharmaceutical industry. Several strains of microorganisms are capable of producing this enzyme by different mechanisms، Bacilliaceae being one of its important sources at the commercial scale. The culture medium for xylan is expensive and، therefore، it is not economical to use in producing xylanase by Bacillus subtilis S7e. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of using industrial-agricultural wastes as a source of carbon and nitrogen in submerged fermentation، for producing xylanase in amounts higher than that which can be produced by xylan culture (10048 U/). The indigenous strain of Bacillus subtilis S7e was cultured in the xylan medium، followed by incubation at 30°، 37° and 40° C. Then the nitrogen sources (rapeseed meal، soybean meal، tomato seeds، tea seeds، peptone، Vinas alcohol، casein، and ammonium sulfate) and carbon sources (molasses، wheat bran، rice bran، rice industry waste، gluten waste، malt waste، whey powder، and bagasse) were substituted for the meat and yeast extracts and the xylan culture medium، respectively. The maximum enzyme activity was observed at 30° C after 48 hours of incubation (6183U/l). Rapeseed meal with an enzyme activity of 10048U/l and molasses with an enzyme activity of 3759U/l were found to be the best nitrogen and carbon sources for Bacillus subtilis S7e، respectively. Based on the findings of this study، f rom an economic point of view، agricultural-industrial wastes (rapeseed meal and molasses) are an excellent substitute for the more expensive culture media currently in use for producing the enzyme xylanase.

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of social capital and its regression equation with the organizational excellence at the Azad University organization. This research was an applied research with a descriptive-correlational design in which 375 employees of the Islamic Azad University were randomly selected as the sample of the study. The social capital and organizational excellence questionnaires were used for collecting the data. Based on Cronbach''s alpha, the validity of the social capital (0.84) and organizational excellence (0.88) questionnaires were calculated. The data analysis was done using Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, ANOVA and structural equations model in SPSS and Lisrel softwares. The results showed that cognitive, communicative and structural aspects have the most significant impact on social capital of the Islamic Azad University, respectively. The level of social capital and organizational excellence at Islamic Azad University was assessed as being "average" and "poor", respectively. The results also indicated a significant and positive relationship (0.79) between social capital and organizational excellence at Islamic Azad University (p=0.000). The cognitive, communicative and structural aspects of social capital had the highest regression effect on organizational excellence, respectively, and all were significant predictors of organizational excellence at the Islamic Azad University (001/0>p).

Cellulases can hydrolysis cellulose into glucose units which act in a synergistic manner of three enzymes endo-beta -1، 4-glucanase، cellobiohydrolase and beta-glucosidase. Nowadays، cellulases are used in various industries including animal feeds، textile، sewage treatment، brewery industries and biofuel production. Demand for cellulolytic enzymes with unique catalytic properties is growing more rapidly than ever before. In this study، Bacillus subtilis A14h with cellulase production potential was identified using biochemical and molecular (16SrDNA gene) methods. The optimum conditions of B. subtilis A14h cellulase activity was evaluated in the presence of two type of substrates (carboxymethyl cellulose and beta-glucan)، temperatures range of 30-70°C،and pH 4. 6. Also، endo 1، 4-beta glucanase gene amplified using specific primers، sequencing outcome was recorded in the NCBI database. Sequence analysis and construction of phylogenetic trees was performed using vector NTI and Mega. 4 softwares. The results showed that the isolate belongs to the Bacillus subtilis species. The phylogenetic analysis and comparison of the amino acid sequence of endo -1، 4-beta glucanase gene showed that the enzyme catalytic region belongs to glycosyl hydrolases family 5 and the non catalytic region was placed in the CBM3 family. The B. subtilis A14h cellulase was most closely related to the cellulase of B. subtilis strains. The results showed that the highest enzyme activity equal to 1464. 25 U/ml was obtained in the presence of beta-glucan substrate at 55° C.

The present investigation was conducted to characterize enzymatic and molecular aspects of a beta 1 and 4 endoglucanase gene in Bacillus subtilis strain B5d.The gene was amplified with specific primers and its sequence was deposited in the NCBI (accession number ofKF670724). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the Vector NTI and Mega 4 software. The PCR product comprised of 794 bp, encoding a peptid of 264 amino acids in length. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the gene encoding beta 1 and 4 endoglucanase in B. subtilis B5d had multiple domains including cellulose binding domain belongs to family 3 and catalytic domain belong to glycoside hydrolase family 5.The enzyme activity was assessed in temperature range of 30-70 °C and pH 4.6. The results showed that the maximum catalytic activity of the enzyme occurred at 55 °C and was estimated at 461.83 U/L. The stability of the enzyme was measured at different pH and temperatures values and the results showed that the enzyme was stable at pH 5-10 and temperature values up 60 °C.