maryam sadat nabavi meybodi

Moral action is the most important measure of the moral subject in virtue ethics. Michael Slott, as a contemporary moral philosopher in the West, has put the basic subject as the text of his thinking, the context for explaining the semantic and epistemological components of the moral act. In this regard, in the present article, with a descriptive-analytical method, the explanation of Slott's point of view and then the criticism of his thinking based on the intellectual foundations of the Islamic philosopher of ethics, Ayatollah Misbah, have been discussed about the moral act. The findings indicate that Slott explains meaning and knowledge in the context of the “subject of cold base” and “subject of warm base” and uses two different principles in meaning and knowledge. Ayatollah Misbah considers the virtue of "benevolence", which is the main moral virtue, in Slott's idea, the central element of the nature of the moral act, as a secondary and secondary virtue. On the other hand, the principle of "hypothetical subject" in the epistemology of the moral act, according to Slott, is accepted to the extent of intuitive and very limited insight. Thus, he believes that ‘faith’ in God and the Day of Resurrection as a first-rate virtue and a perfect example of the essence of human happiness has such a capability that it provides the best semantic and epistemological approach to moral action, and at the same time, the practicality of morality to It does not challenge.

Moral philosophers hold that virtue is a character trait that can be considered as a model for the moral agent’s behavior. Michael A. Slote, a contemporary moral philosopher, viewed virtue from a different perspective and presented a new account of virtue ethics. He adopted a comprehensive attitude towards explaining virtue. Criticizing and modifying the ethical conceptions of philosophers such as Aristotle, he has analyzed the nature of virtue and the relationship between virtues in the different situations from different moral and rational perspectives. In this article, after indicating Slote’s moral thoughts and his agent-based version of virtue ethics, the foundations and constituents of his account of virtue are discussed. He holds an ontological view to present the relativity of virtues, to identify them, and finally to resolve the conflicts between them. He maintains that the function of virtues can be interpreted in terms of psychological cognitive, conative, and affective aspects. In his view, the virtues of "flexibility" and "practical reason" are two qualities which can both bring about the unity of virtues and resolve the conflicts between them.

Faith is a factor that plays an important role in laying the foundations of its elements in a religious moral school. Moral action as an important measure in the moral agent is not exempt from this effect either. Allameh Tabatabai, as a contemporary moral philosopher in the field of religion, has fundamental views on the function of faith in moral conduct. Therefore, the problem of the present article is to examine his point of view from the semantic, existential and epistemological perspective of faith in moral conduct, with a descriptive-analytical method. Finally, the findings indicate that faith is the most important factor in meaning and existence, although not necessarily. According to Allameh, the epistemological role of faith in moral action can be studied and analyzed from two dimensions. On the other hand, due to the gradationality of faith, its epistemological role in conduct will be hierarchical, and faith in this dimension also negates the gap between knowledge and action.

Intention as a mentally process have a important place in ethics. In order to analysis of the intention and checking in the role of its semantic, ontology and valorization in morality has been paid attention to two famous philosophy that’s mean Allameh Tabatabaee and Michael Slote. So the role of intention in moral agent and action and its relation with character has been explored. At the end, similar approach understood regarding definition of the intention in both. But about the role of semantic, valorization and ontology of intention have been seen differences in morality. This suggests their difference in the content of their thought.