فهرست مطالب maryam safabakhsh

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D and calcium supplement use, and association with serum 25‑hydroxy‑vitamin D(25(OH)D) and demographic and socioeconomic variables in Iranian elderly. Settings and Design: This cross‑sectional study was conducted in health centers of Tehran, capital of Iran.

A total of 600 men and women were recruited using a two‑stage cluster sampling method from 60 health centers. Participant’s inclusion criteria included enrolling older adults over 60 years old who able to answer questions. We used valid and reliable questionnaires to record dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium. Any dietary supplements which included vitamin D/calcium were recorded. 25(OH)D level was measured. Participants were categorized as supplement users if they had taken supplements during last month.

The mean age of participants was 67.16 ± 6.07 years. Vitamin D supplements were used more often by females (OR = 11.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.82–29.34), high educated subjects (OR = 3.49, 95% CI: 1.45–8.44), participants who did more physical activities (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.52–5.00), and subjects who took antiosteoporosis medications (OR = 6.90, 95% CI: 2.84‑16.78). Calcium supplements were used more often by females (OR = 13.05, 95% CI: 5.19–32.81), more physical activities participants (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.20–3.92), and antiosteoporosis users (OR = 8.31, 95% CI: 3.43–20.14). Significant positive associations were seen between 25(OH) D levels and osteoporosis (P = 0.020), vitamin D supplement use (P < 0.0001), and sun exposure (P = 0.093).

In this population of Tehranian adults, the prevalence of vitamin D and calcium supplement use may be attributed to educational level and underlying disease. Vitamin D supplementation, osteoporosis, and sun exposure were the strong predictors of vitamin D status.

The purpose of this study was Codification an Entrepreneurial Governance model based on the views of experts and senior managers in the Ministry of Education with research method was qualitative and using a contextual approach.the statistical population of all experts and staff managers was selected by targeted Delphi sampling method, 30 experts for participation and semi-structured and interactive interviews to reach saturation of categories.the data were collected using semi-structured and interactive interviews to achieve information saturation.the systematic method was used to examine the content of the interviews, to conceptualize and extract the categories. the systematic research plan of data theory emphasizes the use of data analysis steps through open source coding and selective coding. data analysis using MAXQDA-12 software was used. the qualitative results of the research on the entrepreneurial governance model of 95 indicators and 31 categories were obtained which were included in 8 categories of sub-categories in the centralization. then, using triangulation based on the extracted categories from interviews with experts and researches, the model of entrepreneurial governance model in 5 dimensions of entrepreneurship, pragmatism and riskabilit ,challenge and dreaming was codificated.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the consumption of an energy-dense diet and cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian older adults.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 226 older adults who were living in Tehran, Iran. Dietary energy density (DED) was calculated as energy per weight of food, kcal/g. The usual intake of participants was measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood sugar, serum lipid profile and blood pressure and were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP ATP III).

Those who were in the third tertile of DED compared to the first tertile had 19% lower odds of having the cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) 0.81 (0.39,1.68) but the association was no significant (P=0.58). There was a significant inverse association between DED and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β=-0.14, P=0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β=-0.17, P=0.01). We did not find any significant association between intake of energy-dense foods and serum levels of triglyceride (TG) (P=0.62), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P=0.06), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P=0.72) and waist circumference (WC) (P=0.28).

DED is negatively associated with SBP and DBP in Iranian older adults. Prospective studies are needed to establish a causal link between DED and MetS and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Accumulating evidence suggests vitamin D play a role in autoimmune diseases. However, at this time the finding on its role in autoimmune and thyroid disease is not conclusive. Then, we aimed to review and update data on the effectiveness of vitamin D on thyroid auto antibodies, anti-TPO and anti-TG in adults.

Scopus and PubMed search engines were used up to February 2018 for clinical trials without any restriction in time and language. The outcome parameters were thyroid auto antibodies, anti-TPO and anti-TG. We included studies which reported aim parameters. Results were summarized as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects models (the DerSimonian-Laird estimator).

Eight trials involving 526 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Vitamin D supplementation did not significantly changed the serum level of anti-TPO (MD: -46.901 IU/mL, 95% CI: -111.841, 18.039, p=0.157) and anti-TG (MD: -0.903 IU/mL, 95% CI: -2.208, 0.401, p = 0.175) with high heterogeneity (I2= 77.1%, p= 0.000, I2= 26.5%, p= 0.253). Anti-TPO reduction was considerable in mixed-sex and low quality trials, doses of ≥ 1000 IU, periods of ≥ 2 months , AITD patients and in subjects with lower initial serum levels of vitamin D and higher initial serum level of anti-TPO (p

Vitamin D supplementation did not improve the serum levels of anti-TPO and anti-TG. The effects of vitamin D supplementing on AITD should be further investigated by conducting larger sample size and well-defined trials of long enough duration.

Heart diseases represent the most common causes of mortality worldwide. Knowledge towards heart disease and its risk factors is an important pre-requisite for an individual to implement behavioral change leading towards heart disease prevention. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of education on knowledge of student's parent's towards cardiovascular risk factors. This interventional study was carried out in Tehran 13th district. A well-prepared questionnaire was used to collect initial data. Data analysis was achieved by SPSS software using ANOVA, paired t-test and correlation coefficient. Totally, 432 subjects with the mean age of 34.6±5.9 years took part in our study, of whom 89.1% were householder. The mean knowledge score was significantly differed before and after education (p<0.05). Unfortunately, parent's knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors were not adequate. This study suggests that educational programs can positively influence the knowledge towards cardiovascular risk factors.