maryam shahmoradi

Stoicism was an outstanding one among the Hellenistic schools, and have had a great influence on Greek and Roman life. Among its teachings the so called conatus (self-preservation) specially has been asserted as the first command of every thing’s nature: the first instinct and the first desire of every living creature is an effort for preserving itself in accordance with nature. Thus, the virtual life for a man is a life according to nature. The so-called suicide, on the other hand, has been an act of frequency among Stoic philosophers: a considerable number of them committed a voluntarily death. Is this inconsistent with their so-call conatus? Though they sought to avoid Platonic dualism between the sensible and the intellectual, nevertheless they accepted that the logos was the true-self of man and nature, and human reason was immortal for them. They condemn any kind of suicide, as well rejecting the passion-rooted seeking of saving life for any price. According to the Stoics, the death of an ideal wise is the same as conformity to nature and reason, whether it happens so-called “naturally” or of her/his own free will; because for such a person, will, nature and reason are compatible with each other. But since they have not considered anyone, not even their leaders, as an example of absolute wisdom, in fact, no suicide attempt can be considered entirely approved by them. Readiness for death among the Stoics must be seen as a foundation of calm and active life in individual and social life recommended by them: calm spiritually, active practically.

Seyyed Razi has given the 80th sermon of Nahj al-Balagha by Amir al-Mu'minin, peace be upon him, and in condemning women in this honorable book. The most important focus of this sermon is blaming women for their imperfect intellect, imperfect faith, and incomplete financial benefit and in the end, he has a moral advice not to consult with women even in good matters. Many researchers consider the most important reason for this sermon to be the role of Aisha, the wife of the Prophet, peace be upon him, in the Battle of Jamal, which killed a large number of Muslims. One of the most important features of the Eighth Sermon is the arguments that apparently, it has a Quranic analogy and for many years, prominent thinkers and scholars have explained and interpreted it. The purpose of this research is to examine the arguments of the Holy Quran and remove the dust from the divine work of Nahj al-Balagha, which is the best spiritual book of Shiites after the Quran. The research method of this research is content analysis, and the results showed that the Eighth Sermon is completely contrary to the verses of the Holy Qur'an, since the infallible speech cannot contradict the Quran, as the result, it cannot be issued by Amir al-Mu'minin, peace be upon him.

The present study investigated the role of tourists' motivations and perceived risks in attachment to adventure sports tourism destinations. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of nature. The statistical population included paraglider pilots who traveled to the flight sites of Golestan province in the year 1400 (2021), of which 103 were selected as a sample using available sampling. Data were collected using three questionnaires and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The research findings showed that the four motivations of pleasure, excitement, socialization, and escape positively and significantly affect attachment to adventurous sports destinations. Also, perceived risk negatively and significantly affects tourists' attachment to adventure sports destinations. Based on the findings, operational suggestions for sports adventure tourism destinations have been presented.

Plastic bowing is a constant deformation of long bones occurring after a long standing force to bone. This type of fracture is seen in children and is uncommon in the adults.In this paper we report a case of fibular plastic deformity with ipsilateral tibia fracture in a 20 years old man that occurred after a direct hit. At the initial examination vital signs were stable and radiography of tibia and fibula fracture with plastic deformation were clear. In order to treat him we performed fibular close reduction and tibia internal fixation with intramedullary nailing.