maryam shariatpanahi

Self-mutilation can be defined as a deliberate behavior that directly damages the body and damages body tissues or even amputations which, for a few minutes, deprives a person of the feeling or misery position. This study was performed to examine different types of self-mutilation in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders and its relation with the type of illness among patients attending to Lavasani Hospital in 2014-15. This study is a cross-sectional observation. Forty-two patients suffering from psychiatric illnesses who had performed self-mutilation entered the study. The prevalence of the type of self-mutilation, the used device, and its relation with the type of mental disorder was analyzed. The Results showed that 90.5% of patients used sharp objects, 4.8% used fire, 2.4% used rocks, and 2.4% used other devices for self-mutilation. 76.2% of patients injured the organs, 19% injured the head and neck, 24% injured the body, and 2.4% injured the stomach area. Age and sex did not have a direct correlation with the place and device used (P>0.05), but type of disorder did show a significant relationship with the place and device used (P=0.001). It is concluded that self-mutilation in mental patients is done mainly using sharp objects in the organs.

Intruduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one the most common disabling neurologic disorders, which is characterized by a triad of inflammation, demyelination, and gliosis(scaring). MS affects More than 2.5 million individuals worldwide. Its highest prevalence is in young adults.. Fatigue is experienced by 75-90% of MS patients in various degrees. Although fatigue is the most common cause of disability in MS patients, But yet clinicians have problems in its diagnosis and treatment. MRI is a non invasive appropriate method for MS diagnosis, and shows 95% of lesions. Considering some studies showed quality of life in MS patients is correlated to lesions in MRI, it can be expected that fatigue is indirectly correlated to cerebral lesions too. As limited studies were done in this field, more studies are required; so we decided to study the relationship between fatigue and cerebral and spinal MRI findings in patients with multiple sclerosis. This study is analytical cross-sectional that has been done on 36 patients with multiple sclerosis and various degrees of fatigue. Exclusion criteria in this study were depressed patients & Patients used anti depressant drugs or amantadin, pemolin, methylphenidate, modafinil for them fatigue.At first, level of fatigue was defined with standard FIS (Fatigue Impact Scale) and FAI (Fatigue Assessment Instrument) questionnaire. Then EDSS (the Expanded Disability Status Score) was computed. Finally lesions'' load & region in brain & cervical spinal cord, & Atrophy of these places in MRI of patients were assessed by our radiologist. Results indicate that high fatigue score & EDSS was not significantly associated with high brain & cervical lesions'' load; as well sa high Fatigue score with atrophy of brain, cervical spinal cord. But there was significant correlation between right periventricular area and fatigue score, and also between EDSS and brain atrophy(p<0.05), and as well as between fatigue score and pyramidal function (p<0.01)& mental func.(p<0.05), and also between EDSS and pyramidal function, bowel-bladder function, cerebellar function(p<0.01) & between this score and mental func.,brain stem func.(p<0.05).Finally in this study highly educated patients were significantly less fatigued (p<0.05). As it was shown in our results, there was significant correlation between right periventricular area and fatigue score, and also between EDSS and brain atrophy.But high fatigue score & EDSS was not significantly associated with high brain & cervical lesions'' load; as well sa high Fatigue score with atrophy of brain, cervical spinal cord. And highly educated patients were significantly less fatigued.

This randomized controlled trial was designed to assess impact of short time music listening on the attention and working memory performance. Forty medical students randomly assigned to music and control groups. This randomization was performed in a way to maintain an equal sexual distribution between the two groups to lower probable bias. Fifteen minutes of classical music (Piano sonata K576 by Mozart) played for volunteers in music group, while in control group 15 minutes of rest allowed before performing tests. Wechsler memory scale and reverse digit count test were performed by both groups. The results were compared between two groups and analyzed by statistical methods. Corrected WMS score in music group was 113.97 so it was higher than control group witch was 107.22 (p<0.01). Resulted memory quotient (MQ) in music group was 131.75 and it was higher than control group which was 116.6 (p<0.01). Performing time of reverse digit count test (from 100 to 1 by interval of 7) in music group was 41.50 sec and it was lower than 51.0 sec of control group but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Reverse digit count test errors in music group was 0.45 and was lower than 1.20 of control group and it was statistically significant (p<0.05). Music listening improved attention and memory performance in music group comparing to control group.