فهرست مطالب maryam sotoudeh

From the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, clinical laboratories around the world have been involved with tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2. Currently, RT-PCR (real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay) is the gold standard for identifying the virus. Many factors are involved in achieving the highest accuracy in this test, including parameters related to the pre-analysis stage. Having instructions on the type of sample, how to take the sample, and its storage and transportation help control the interfering factors at this stage. Studies have shown that pre-analytical factors might be the cause of the high SARS-CoV-2 test false-negative rates. Also, the safety of personnel in molecular laboratories is of utmost importance, and it requires strict guidelines to ensure the safety of exposed individuals and prevent the virus from spreading. Since the onset of the outbreak, various instructions and guidelines have been developed in this field by the institutions and the Ministry of Health of each country; these guidelines are seriously in need of integration and operation. In this study, we try to collect all the information and research done from the beginning of this pandemic in December 2019- August 2022 concerning biosafety and protective measures, sample types, sampling methods, container and storage solutions, sampling equipment, and sample storage and transportation for molecular testing of SARS-CoV-2.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the major virulence factors of hospital and community acquired infections. Healthcare workers can be the host of S.aureus for many months. And it is very important due to the possibility of transmission to patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S.aureus nasal carriers, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and its effective factors on Sina Hospital workers in Tehran, Iran. healthcare workers from different wards of Sina Hospital were studied in Tehran, Iran in 2010. Samples were taken from both nostrils of each individual. After 18-24hr incubation, the isolates were evaluated by gram stain, catalase, coagulase, DNase and manitol salt agar by which staphylococci were isolated. Disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests against oxacillin, cefoxitin and vancomycin was performed. Finally, by using PCR, the mecA gene was studied in methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA). 34of the 166 workers, were nasal carriers of S. aureus and one of them was MRSA. The ratio of carriers in operating room workers was more than other wards, without significant relationship (p.value>0.05). S.aureus was found in 34.3% of operating room, 13.8% of nurses and 22.7% of licensed and other personnel. There was a significant relationship between occupations and S.aureus carriage (p.value:0.03). According to the low prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA carriers in Sina hospital, it can be said that the role of the hospital staff as a source of infections caused by S. aureus especially is very low.

Tuberculosis pericarditis as a potentially fatal complication of tuberculosis requires effective diagnosis and treatment. We evaluated the efficacy of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) for diagnosing tuberculosis pericarditis in a cohort of Iranian patients presenting with pericarditis. We enrolled 38 patients with presentation of pericarditis. All patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic pericardiostomy with drainage and biopsy. Adenosine deaminase and interferon-gamma levels were determined in pericardial fluid samples of all patients. Pericardial tissue samples were submitted for histopathologic and microbiologic studies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on all pericardial fluid samples to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From 38 patients with pericarditis, 7 cases were diagnosed as having tuberculosis pericarditis (18.4%). Mean concentration of interferon-gamma in tuberculosis group was significantly higher compared to non-tuberculosis group (69257 pg/l [range: 26600-148000] vs. 329 pg/l [range: 0-2200], P<0.000). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed a value of 14400 pg/l as the cutoff point with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100% for diagnosing tuberculosis pericardial effusion. Adenosine deaminase was not found to be significantly higher in tuberculosis group in comparison with non-tuberculosis causes of pericardial effusion (35.7 [range: 9-69] vs. 36.03 [range: 8-420], P=0.28). In this study interferon-gamma showed to be a valuable diagnostic test for detection of tuberculosis pericarditis among a cohort of Iranian patients. We suggest using interferon-gamma to diagnose tuberculosis pericarditis to make diagnose in case of suspicion. While in this study, adenosine deaminase measurement did not prove to have the characteristics of an accurate diagnostic test for tuberculosis pericarditis.

This study investigates the prevalence of symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in gifted students of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. The present study is a descriptive (epidemiology) research. 1800 students (800 girls & 1000 boys) were selected using multistage cluster sampling from among 34,529 students of state and private middle schools in the academic year 2010–2011. Finally, the participants we selected were 220 students (77 girls & 143 boys) with an IQ of 127 or more. The data were collected by diagnostic questionnaire of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, clinical interview with students and their mothers, and Raven Progressive Matrix. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical method and Chi square test. Generally, 8/2 percent of gifted students (%6/8 of whom were girls and %9 were boys) had ADHD symptoms. Thus, considering the standard error of estimate, the overall prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in gifted students was seen to be in the range of 4/7 to 11/7 percent. ADHD symptoms can affect the intelligence of students. Therefore, belated diagnosis of ADHD in gifted students might cause problems in their treatment and also their academic and social progress. The results of the present study can be applied in educational settings and show the necessity of providing psychological and counseling services for management and treatment of this disorder. Offering such services in schools for gifted students could prevent the negative consequences of this disorder in their educational and social life.