فهرست مطالب marzieh karimi afshar

Statement of the Problem: 

Infection control is essential for a safe clinical environment during patients’ treatment in dentistry. Transmission of the infection can occur due to contact with patients’ saliva and blood in radiology clinics.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of dentists in Kerman about infection control in digital radiology.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 162 dentists who worked either in private office or clinic or both. The samples were selected through simple sampling method. Data were collected through demographic data, and valid and reliable questionnaire consisted of 7 questions about knowledge and 12 questions about practice on infection control in digital radiology. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26 software using T, ANOVA, and linear regression tests. The p value was considered at 0.05% significant level.

86(53.1%) of participants were men and 76 (46.9%) were female. The mean age of participants and work experience were 36.32±8.88 and 11.03±8.53 years, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of knowledge, practice, and total were 5.20±1.26, 7.98±2.00, and 13.22±2.72, respectively. There was a positive significant correlation between knowledge with age of participants (p= 0.009). There was also a direct significant correlation between knowledge and practice with work experience (p= 0.045 and p= 0.01 respectively).

Knowledge and practice of dentists in Kerman about infection control in digital radiology were good and medium respectively. However, there was a direct significant correlation between knowledge and practice of dentists. Knowledge and practice scores in dentists who worked in private office were significantly better than those who worked only in clinics.

Dental anomalies can lead to aesthetic and functional problems. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of dental anomalies among the 12-18-year- old orthodontic patients who were referred to the orthodontics department of Kerman dental school, Iran, in a 5- year period.

This study was a retrospective research, performed on 299 records of patients referred to the orthodontic department. Patients' records from 2017-2021 were evaluated  for the presence of hypotonia, microdontia, transposition, hyperdontia, macrodontia, impacted teeth except wisdom teeth and type of occlusion as well as the demographic characteristics (age, gender). The data were entered into a checklist and analyzed in SPSS statistical software using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests at a significant level of 0.05.

Out of 299 patients, 87 (29.1%) were male and 212 (70.9%) female. The mean age was 16.33 ± 2.90 years. One hundred and eighteen patients (39.5%) had class 1 occlusion. Fifty-two cases (17.39%) had dental anomalies. Hypodontia with 8% and impacted teeth with 7.7% were the two most common anomalies. The most common teeth with hypodontia was maxillary lateral incisor and the most common impacted teeth was maxillary canine. The highest number of anomalies      was observed in class 1 occlusion. There was no statistically significant relationship between the type of occlusion and the type of dental anomaly, gender and age (p>0.05). The prevalence of dental anomalies in the maxilla was significantly higher than mandible.

The results of this study showed that the prevalence of dental anomalies was (17.39%). It is recommended to pay attention to the existence of dental anomalies in order to reduce aesthetic and functional problems.

The influence of orthodontic treatment on self-confidence and quality of life is a major reason for patients to seek treatment. This study was designed to assess the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in patients seeking orthodontic treatment. This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 165 patients referred to orthodontic clinics in Kerman to start treatment. Patients were selected by census method to reach the specified sample size. The data collection tools included 3 forms: demographic information form, Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and a form for recording information obtained from clinical examination to determine orthodontic treatment need based on Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Data analysis was performed through SPSS 22 and using t test, ANOVA, and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05. The educational level of subjects and their parents and economic status showed no significant relationship with total PIDAQ score and any of its domains (P>0.05). In psychological impact domain, women’s score was significantly higher (P=0.016) and there was a significant relationship between the treatment need based on aesthetic component (AC) and the domains of dental self-confidence (P=0.003), social impact (P=0.049) and psychological impact (p=0.066), as well as the total score of questionnaire (P=0.012). Treatment need based on dental health component had no statistically significant relationship with PIDAQ score (P>0.05). AC of IOTN had significant relationship with dental self-confidence, social impact and psychological impact as well as the total score of PIDAQ. In orthodontic treatments, in addition to malocclusion, the psychological aspects should also be considered.

Dental caries is a common diseases that imposes a big economic burden on individuals and the health care system. The aim of this study was to assess oral health status and its related factors in adults who referred to Kerman (Iran) health centers. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 195 patients who referred to Kerman health centers and selected by two-stage sampling method. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisted of demographic information and oral health behavior status, and assessment of DMFT index based on the criteria of the World Health Organization and dental plaque index. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 by ANOVA and t-test at a significant level of 0.05. In this study, 104 (52.8%) patients were male and 93 (47.2%) were female. The mean age was 36.99 ± 10.68 years. Dental plaque index was moderate in 94 patients (47.7%). The mean DMFT index was 7.27 ± 4.88. There was a statistically significant relationship between age and self-reported oral health, and general health with DMFT index. Older people and those who described their oral health status poor had higher DMFT. The findings of the present study indicate the poor status of DMFT in the adult population of Kerman. It is recommended to hold training classes and oral health promotion programs.

Light-curing dental restorative materials are currently used extensively. The effective use of these materials increases their properties and prevents damage to the tooth nerve. This study investigated general dentists’ knowledge about the function, safety, and infection control of light-curing units (LCUs) in Kerman in 2017.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 170 general dentists. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that assessed the dentists' demographic information and measured their knowledge of LCUs (7 items) and safety and infection control (2 items). The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test (P = 0.05) with SPSS 20 software.
The respondents’ mean age and dental service history were 35.77±9.25 and 9.97±8.08 years, respectively. The lifetime of the LCUs in 105 cases (61.8%) was more than 5 years. Moreover, 123 dentists (72.4%) did not have radiometers. It was also shown that 61.8% of the dentists were not aware of the light intensity of their light-curing units, but 68.8% of them were well aware of it. Most of the respondents used protective eyewear during dental services. The most common way to control unit infection was to use cellophane. The respondents’ mean knowledge score was 6.00±1.42 out of 7. The knowledge score had a statistically significant relation with having a radiometer, the number of daily composite restorations, and the lifetime of the unit.
Given the technological advancements in dentistry, increasing dentists’ knowledge of using LCUs is essential to increase the life and quality of restorations.

Dentistry has been recognized as one of the most stressful occupations. Job stress and burnout are more common in dentists than in other people engaging in other occupations. This study aimed to investigate the relation between burnout and personality traits in dentists working in the southern cities of Kerman Province. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 42 dentists working in the southern cities of Kerman Province. The participants were selected through the census method. The data were collected via a demographic information questionnaire, the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment, and the 60-item NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) to assess neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 21) using independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis at a significance level of 0.05. The participants’ mean age, years of graduation, and years of working as a dentist were 41.05±9.45, 12.19±8.07, and 12.64±8.26 years, respectively. It was also shown that 90.5% of the dentists suffered from severe emotional exhaustion, 92.9% had severe depersonalization, and 28.6% had severe lack of personal accomplishment. Furthermore, the highest and lowest scores were related to conscientiousness and neuroticism as two personality traits. Burnout had a significant correlation with all subscales of personality traits except extraversion. The dentists working in the southern cities of Kerman Province reported high levels of burnout. Therefore, it is essential to prevent and treat burnout and its possible consequences among dentists.

Orthodontic tooth movement causes the release of various biomolecules such as interleukins. The aim of this study was to compare IL-8 expression in gingival crevicular fluid during early alignment stage of orthodontic treatment in adults and adolescents.

The present study was done on 20 orthodontic patients, including 10 adolescents and 10 adults. Before bonding, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected with a paper strip in gingival sulcus of maxillary right central incisor on the distolabial aspect for 60 seconds, followed by bonding and insertion of initial 14 NiTi arch wire. GCF collection was repeated 24 hours, 7 days, and 28 days after bonding. The IL-8 levels was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using repeated measurement test. Statistically significant level was considered at P = 0.05.

In the present study, 14 patients (70%) were female and the rest were male. The mean age of the patients was 19.11 ± 6.23 years. The level of IL-8 at the baseline was higher than the other time periods, and on the first day after treatment, significantly decreased compared to the baseline. There was no statistically significant difference between age groups

Theresults of the present study revealed that the level of IL-8 significantly decreased on the first day of orthodontic treatment, and then, increased. There was no statistically significant difference between gender and age and IL-8 levels during treatment. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different treatment methods are recommended.

Statement of the Problem:

 An attractive smile and white teeth give self-confidence and provide impression of health, which help individuals for social and interpersonal success. Increasing demand for tooth bleaching and lack of relevant information on the other hand, necessitate a new investigation to assess the knowledge of the students about dental bleaching in Kerman.

This study was designed to assess the overall knowledge of the students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman regarding dental bleaching and their tendency to perform it.

This cross-sectional study enrolled 384 students who were selected by simple random sampling. A valid and reliable self-administered researcher-made questionnaire was employed to collect data about demographic information, health behavior, tooth bleaching, and the tendency to perform .This tool contained 8 questions with the focus on the knowledge of dental bleaching. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21 and regression analysis at a significant level of 0.05.

Overall, 59.55% of participants were male and 40.45% were female students. Most likely, the source for gaining information was internet. In this regard, 29 individuals were dissatisfied with tooth color, 27 ones with the appearance of teeth, 13.5% have done tooth bleaching, and 69% had tendency to do that. The preferred knowledge was about the difference between scaling and root planning (SRP) and bleaching. There was no significant difference between age, gender, and marital status variables with the knowledge of dental bleaching. Tooth color satisfaction increased the tendency to do bleaching about 1.87 times.

The study highlights that 69 % of the students had a tendency to do the bleaching, their knowledge was moderate, and there was no statistical relationship between knowledge, gender, and marital variables. Color variable had an overall positive effect on the tendency to do the bleaching.

Mucosal lesions are in several diseases, such as mucocutaneous disorders. Diagnosis of these lesions is based on background/history, clinical features, and histopathological examination. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between clinical and pathologic diagnoses in mucocutaneous biopsies during a ten-year period.

Based on the existing data, this descriptive, analytical, and retrospective study was carried out on the archives of the pathology departments of School of Dentistry of Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Afzalipour Therapeutic Training Hospital, Kerman, Iran, during March 2008-March 2018. Data were collected using a checklist including the clinical and histopathologic diagnoses of mucosal skin lesionsand patients’ demographic characteristics, and were analyzed in SPSS software.

In this study, 650 cases of skin lesions were detected with a conclusive microscopic diagnosis. The lichen planus (LP) with 346 cases (53.23%) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) with 138 cases (23.23%) were the most common lesions, whereas the least cases were related to psoriasis (0.03%). Moreover, buccal mucosa was the most frequent location of lesions, and the prevalence of lesions was significantly higher in female patients, compared to male patients. Furthermore, the most conformity between clinical and histopathologic diagnoses was related to LP. In this regard, the Kappa coefficient as the rate of overall conformity with the histopathologic diagnosis was estimated at 0.542.

The conformity between the clinical and the histopathologic diagnoses was within the acceptable range. However, it is recommended that the accurate clinical information of patients be completed to make the correct diagnosis.

Plagiarism is defined as “the deliberate or reckless use of someone else’s thoughts, words or ideas as one’s own, without clear attribution of their source”. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge and practice on plagiarism among post-graduate and dental students, who were members of the student research committee, at Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2017. 

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 post-graduate and dental students selected by the census method. The data were collected through a standard questionnaire including three sections of demographic information, knowledge (7 questions), and practice (12 questions) of plagiarism. The data were analyzed in SPSS 21 using independent t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05.

Participation in research method and scientific writing workshops were 81.0% and 65.7% respectively. 29.5% of the participants had never committed plagiarism. The mean and standard deviation of practice score was 37.12±8.06 out of 60, and that of knowledge was 13.60±4.67 out of 28. There was no significant relation between knowledge and education level. Attendance in ethics workshop (P=0.0001) and publication of papers (P=0.012) were significantly associated with knowledge.

In this study the knowledge and practice of plagiarism were moderate. It is recommended to hold workshops about plagiarism and its consequences in order to reduce this behavior.

Waterpipe smoking causes many negative side effects on the oral health. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of waterpipe smoking and awareness of related orodental complications in Iranian university students.

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 384 students of Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran, studying in Kerman in 2018-2019, who were selected by simple random sampling. The data were collected through a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, waterpipe smoking information, and 18 questions about awareness of related orodental complications. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, using t-test, Tukey’s test, regression, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the significance level of 0.05.

184 (48.0%) subjects were men. The mean age of participants and the mean age for beginning waterpipe smoking was 22.10 ± 2.47 and 18.05 ± 2.61 years, respectively. 168 (43.8%) subjects used waterpipe, 105 (62.5%) used waterpipe just for fun, and 120 (71.4%) smoked the waterpipe in cafes. The mean score of their awareness was 10.47 ± 4.45 out of 18. The ranking of the scores in terms of awareness was good (33.4%), moderate (45.4%), and poor (19.3%). There was a significant relationship between gender, marital status (men and married subjects had more knowledge), lack of waterpipe smoking, and awareness.

Waterpipe smoking among the students was relatively high, and the awareness of the negative influences of waterpipe on oral health was moderate. The awareness of students concerning the consequences of waterpipe smoking on oral health should be taken into consideration emphatically.

Low knowledge of oral health in pregnant women can affect both mother and child’s health. This study was performed with aim to evaluate oral and dental health literacy and oral health behavior in pregnant women in south cities of Kerman province.

This cross-sectional analytic study was done on 164 pregnant women who referred to health centers in south cities of Kerman province in 2018. Data was collected by demographic characteristic questionnaire (age, education, number of children, number of pregnancy, the economic situation) and the standard questionnaire of oral and dental health literacy )OHL-Q) (including 17 questions in four domains of hearing, comprehension, ability to read and decision -making), assessment of oral health behavior, self-report of oral and teeth health status and DMFT. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and Chi-square and ANOVA tests. P

In the present study, 63 patients (43.4%) experienced the first pregnancy and most subjects 55 (33.7%) were diploma. 121 women (73.8%) had not dental examination before decision for pregnancy. The most frequent source of oral health information was dentists. Oral health literacy was insufficient in 122 (74.4%). There was significant difference between the level of oral health literacy and educational level(p=0.009),using tooth paste (p=0.005)and tooth brushing (p=0.001).

Oral and dental health literacy in pregnant women is inadequate. Dentistry consultation and oral health education before decision for pregnancy are recommended.

Orthodontic treatment aims mainly to improve orodental healthcare and function, but its aesthetic and psychological effects are increasing as well. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and orthodontics-related quality of life (QOL) among first course high school students in Kerman, Iran.

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 400 first course high school students selected through two-stage cluster sampling method during 2017 to 2018. Data were collected using 22-item orthodontics-related QOL and DAI questionnaires, and then analyzed by SPSS software using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression tests. P-value was considered at significance level of 0.05.

According to DAI score, 15.7% of students needed mandatory orthodontic treatment and 39.4% had no orthodontic or minor treatment. Mean orthodontics-related QOL score was 15.60 ± 11.16 out of 88. No significant correlation was found between total score of questionnaire, items of DAI, DAI score, and different domains of questionnaire with DAI. Moreover, there was no significant difference between gender, DAI, and the mean score of orthodontics-related QOL questionnaire.

Based on the results of the present study, the orthodontics-related QOL was high in first course high school students. Additionally, no statistical correlation was reported between DAI and orthodontics-related QOL and corresponding domains.

Hypodontia is one of the most prevalent craniofacial anomalies worldwide. Malocclusion could be prevented, by early treatment of this anomaly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of congenital missing tooth (hypodontia) in patients, referred to Orthodontic Department of Kerman Dental School, as well as other private Dental Care centers.

In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 1883 orthodontic records from 2010-2015 were examined. Demographic characteristics and types of occlusion were obtained from the patients’ records. Data were collected from patients’ panoramic radiography, dental casts, lateral cephalography and, intra-oral photographies. Data was entered to our checklist. Exclusion criteria consisted of tooth loss due to decay or other factors, third molars and individuals under 10 years of age. The data were analyzed by the SPSS software (version 21) and statistical Chi-square test at 0.05 significance level.

Of all 1883 participants, 101(5.4%) had dental agenesis. Mandibular second premolar was the most common congenital missing teeth (42.44%), followed by upper lateral incisors (24.41%). Hypodontia in the posterior of mandible were higher than the other site of jaws, and this difference was significant. Gender, unilateral or bilateral hypodontia and type of occlusion difference were not found to be statistically significant.

The findings of the present study showed that the prevalence of hypodontia was within the range of which reported in the literature . Lower second premolar was recognized as the most common dental agenesis. Hypodontia requires an appropriate intervention to restore the esthetic and function of teeth and improve patient’s self-esteem.

Hypodontia is one of the most prevalent craniofacial anomalies worldwide. Malocclusion could be prevented, by early treatment of this anomaly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of congenital missing tooth (hypodontia) in patients, referred to Orthodontic Department of Kerman Dental School, as well as other private Dental Care centers.
In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 1883 orthodontic records from 2010-2015 were examined. Demographic characteristics and types of occlusion were obtained from the patients’ records. Data were collected from patients’ panoramic radiography, dental casts, lateral cephalography and, intra-oral photographies. Data was entered to our checklist. Exclusion criteria consisted of tooth loss due to decay or other factors, third molars and individuals under 10 years of age. The data were analyzed by the SPSS software (version 21) and statistical Chi-square test at 0.05 significance level.
Of all 1883 participants, 101(5.4%) had dental agenesis. Mandibular second premolar was the most common congenital missing teeth (42.44%), followed by upper lateral incisors (24.41%). Hypodontia in the posterior of mandible were higher than the other site of jaws, and this difference was significant. Gender, unilateral or bilateral hypodontia and type of occlusion difference were not found to be statistically significant.
The findings of the present study showed that the prevalence of hypodontia was within the range of which reported in the literature . Lower second premolar was recognized as the most common dental agenesis. Hypodontia requires an appropriate intervention to restore the esthetic and function of teeth and improve patient’s self-esteem.

Myiasis is defined as dipterous larvae infestation of tissues and organs in vertebrates. Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis is one of the facultative ectoparasites which causes myiasis in soft tissues of animals and humans. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report describing oral cavity myiasis with osteolysis by S. haemorrhoidalis in sheep.
A 1-year-old fat-tailed sheep with a history of anorexia, oral cavity ulcers, progressive emaciation and depression was referred to the veterinary hospital of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Necrotic ulcers and gingivitis with diphtheritic membrane, mobility and displacement of mandibular teeth, multiple deep holes around the anterior teeth in both jaws with severe malodor and large numbers of dipterous larvae were detected in the oral cavity examination. Discontinuity of bones and osteolysis of mandible and maxilla were seen in radiographic survey. Based on microscopic study of larvae morphologic characteristics (including three vertical and straight posterior spiracles and opened peritremes in the lateral surface of last posterior segment) and comparing with standard diagnostic keys, the parasites were identified as S. haemorrhoidalis larvae in parasitological examination. According to this report and considering the significant economic losses caused by myiasis, it is important to train the farmers to avoid the conditions resulting in wounds and prevent animal myiasis.

Recurrent caries is defined as caries in the marginal edges of filled teeth and is the most common reason for restoration replacement. The aim of this study was to evaluation of recurrent caries in amalgam, resin-based restorations and crowns in bitewing radiographies in patients who attended Kerman dental radiology centers, Iran.
This cross-sectional study conducted on 3000 bitewing radiographies. Data were gathered by a checklist consist of sex, age, age of restorations (patients reported), and evaluation of radiographies consist of type of restorations, teeth number, existence recurrent caries. Radiographies examination was done by a last year dental student who was trained. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square and t-tests. P The rate of the recurrent caries was 8.4%. The rate of recurrent caries in amalgam and resin-based composite was 3.1 and 42.5%, respectively. Resin-based composite material had higher recurrent caries with significant difference (P = 0.001). There was also significant differences between age of restorations and recurrent caries (P = 0.030). Multi-surfaces restorations had more recurrent caries (P = 0.020). There was no significant correlation between sex, number of teeth, mandible or maxilla, and recurrent caries.
According to the results of this study, resin-based composite, older and complex restorations had a higher rate of recurrent caries.

Significant Caries Index (SiC) has been introduced by WHO for evaluation of caries status in different societies and assesses one third of individuals who have the highest score of DMFT/dmft. The aim of this study was to determine Significant Caries Index and dmft in 6-year-old children in Kerman.
This cross- sectional study was carried out on 300 children aged 6 years old that had been selected by multistage sampling in Kerman, Iran. Data were collected through a questionnaire (parents’ educational level, parents’ occupation, birth rank, number of children in family, tooth brushing frequency, use of fluoride mouthwash and dental visits frequency). Teeth were examined by dental mirror and according to WHO criteria for determining dmft. Data were analyzed in SPSS19 by using t-test and X² test.
Mean dmft index was 4.63 2.41 and mean SiC was 7.34 1.34. SiC was higher in boys, but without a significant difference. dmft showed significant difference with fathers’ educational level (P=0.028), frequency of tooth brushing (P=0.004) and using fluoride mouthwash (P=0.001). There was a significant relationship between SiC index and using fluoride mouthwash (P=0.014) and dental visits) P=0.041).
According to the results of the present study, dmft and SiC indices of 6-year old children in Kerman are high.

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease. Diet has a major role in prevention of oral diseases as well as dental caries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and type of snack consumption among 3-6 year-old-children in Rbor and Baft in 2011. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 kindergarten children aged 3-6 years old in Baft and Rabor cities through multiple stratified systematic sampling methods. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire (sex, parents’ education and their job, and number of children) and 2 checklists consist of daily type and frequency of snack consumption in kindergarten and at home. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 software using T and χ2 tests. In the present study, 125(52.1%) kids were boysand the rest were girls. 45.42% of snacks were cariogenic. The mean of weekly snack consumption by boys and girls were 45.68±18.98 and 46.05±18.10 respectively, and there were not any significant differences between them (P=0.879). The mean of snack consumption at home was meaningfully higher than that at kindergarten (P=0.000). Frequency of snack consumption in Rbor was higher than that in Baft, but the difference was not significant (P=0.493).There were not any meaningful statistical differences between fathers and mothers ‘educational level and the mean of weekly snack consumption (P=0.643 and P=0.762). Based on the findings of the present study the mean of snack consumption at kindergartens in Baft and Rabor was high. However snacks provide a part of energy for children's growth, choosing healthy snack is necessary for dental health.

Periodontal diseases are one of the major problem in oral health. Periodontiis is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. The aim of this study was effect of periodontal treatments on Oral Health Quality of Life in patients with periodontal disease who referred to periodontology department in Kerman Dental school. This cross-sectional study was assessed on 45 patients with periodontal diseases. Data were collected by a questionnaire consisted of demographic status, site of surgery and Persian version of OHIP-14 questionnaire and periodontal status examination. Data analyzed in SPSS version 18 and using t-test and linear regression test. P value was considered at 5%level. In this study 66.6% of subjects were female and mean age of samples were 38.8±6.67 years. The mean of OHIP-14 score before and after treatment were29.33±3.00 and 23.82 ±5.74 respectively, this differences was significant. There was significant differences between severity of periodontitis and OHIP-14 score before treatment (p=0/03). There was significant differences between severity of periodontitis and gender with OHIP-14 score after treatment (p=0.04 and 0.002). It seems periodontal diseases have negative impact on oral health related quality of life, and treatment can improved quality of life.

Dentistry is a demanding profession with high physical and mental tiredness, which can result in job burnout. The aim of this study was to find the frequency of job burnout in dentists of Kerman. This cross- sectional study was carried out on 145 dentists working in private offices and health care centers of Kerman. Data were collected using Maslach job burnout questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS18 software and using regression analysis. Among these dentists, 51.7% were male and 48.3% were female. Mean age of participants was 35 ± 7.18 years. In whole, 14.1% had a high level of depersonalization, 30.46% showed high emotional exhaustion, and 71.76% reported high personal accomplishment failure. Demographic variables such as age, sex, occupational status and year of graduation showed no significant relationship with job burnout. But, depersonalization showed a significant relationship with occupational status and marital status. There is a high frequency of job burnout among Kerman dentists. Intervention policies for evaluation and to find the related factors and preventive measures are recommended.

Exam anxiety is a significant problem among university students and can be accompanied by a decline in performance and severe psychological problems. This study was designed to investigate exam anxiety levels among dental students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2013. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on dental students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected using census method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of the 20-item standard Exam Anxiety Questionnaire (Spielberger), demographic characteristics, causes of anxiety, methods of decreasing exam anxiety, and exam method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, and linear regression and Student ' s t-test. Of the participants, 56.57% were men, their mean age was 22.7 ± 2.18, and 37.71% lived with their parents. The mean score of the exam anxiety questionnaire was 47.29 ± 10.57, the maximum score being 80. The first activity during leisure time was exercising (30%) and fear of failure was the first cause of exam anxiety. Theoretical final exams were the cause of the exam anxiety in 54.90% of participants. Seeing friends was the most common method of decreasing anxiety. There was no significant correlation between mean exam anxiety score and sex, age, academic year, marriage status, and academic performance. A significant correlation was observed between area of residence and mean exam anxiety score. Based on our findings, dental students had varying degrees of exam anxiety. Thus, we recommend the training of exam anxiety reduction methods during the course of the term by professionals.

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that affects people of any age, sex, and race. Significant caries index (SiC index) has been defined by World Health Organization (WHO) to evaluate caries status in different societies. The aim of this study was to determine the SiC index in 15-year-old children in Kerman. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 of 15-year-old children that had been selected by systematic clustering sampling in Kerman. Data were collected by questionnaire (parents’ educational level, parents’ occupation, birth rank, number of children in family, tooth brushing, fluoride use, and regular dental visits) and clinical examination. Teeth were examined by dental mirror, according to WHO criteria. Data were analyzed in SPSS by using ANOVA, t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Thirty-two and nine brushed their teeth twice daily, 49.8% had never used dental floss, 47.8% had regular dental visit, 80.66% did not use fluoride mouthwash, and 34.4% were caries free. The mean of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was 1.83 ± 1.26 and SiC index was 3.80. There was a significant correlation between the SiC index and parents’ job and birth rank of student. There was also significant correlation between regular dental visit and use of fluoride mouthwash and SiC index. The prevalence of dental caries in 15 years student in Kerman is still high. Using DMFT and SiC indices together may help to show oral health status better than DMFT index alone. Further studies are recommended.

Dentistry is a stressful job and dental students are exposed to educational and environmental stresses. The aim of this study was to determine the stress level in dental students. This cross-sectional study was conducted on students of School of Dentistry، Kerman University of Medical Sciences، Iran. Data were collected by Depression، Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) standard questionnaire and analyzed by linear regression and t-test. 32. 6% of students had moderate and 4. 3% had severe stress. There was no significant differences between sex، academic year، mean of scores، and stress level. Married students had more stress (P = 0. 037). Students staying with their parents had low stress level (P = 0. 047). In 66% of students، the university issues were stressor. Based on the result of this study، stress level among dental students is fairly high; greater attention to this issue is recommended.

The number of patients who need prosthetic treatments has increased. Efficient and regular procedures for cleaning removable dentures are important for maintaining good oral health. The aim of this study was to analyze the oral and prostheses care habits of removable denture users, who attended the clinics of Kerman, Iran. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 350 patients, who attended the clinics of Kerman and were chosen by the multistage sampling method. Data were obtained from a checklist consisting of demographic characteristics (age, sex, educational level, kind of prosthesis, age of prosthesis, self-report of halitosis, and smoking status), denture hygiene habits, denture-wearing behavior, and cleanliness of denture by examiner. Data was analyzed using chi-squared test (P < 0.05). The mean age of patients was 58.52 ± 10.78 years, 103 (29.4%) were male and 247 (70.6%) were female. The results showed that 78.6% had complete denture and 12.7% reported halitosis, 55.1% used their denture at night, and 36.4% had poor denture hygiene. Brushing was the most used cleaning method by the patients (36.5%). 60.4% reported never having been instructed by their dentists as to how to clean their dentures. 58.6% had been using the same denture for more than 5 years. There was a significant correlation between the kind of denture, and denture hygiene and education level. According to the results of the present study denture hygiene was not favorable. Therefore, dentists should instruct the patients on cleaning their denture in order to prevent denture–induced lesions.