فهرست مطالب marziyeh babaei

The Holy Qur’an, as the main source of religious teachings in Islam, has distinct features in order to meet all needs in line with the goal of human guidance and development. The comprehensiveness of the Qur’an is one of these unique features which has always been considered by Muslim scholars. The scope of the Qur’an has always been considered, but the quality of its realization has often been neglected. For this reason, this study using a descriptive-analytical method, examines the quality of the realization of the comprehensiveness of the Holy Quran based on the central role of principles and relying on the analysis of the narration quoted from Imam Sadegh (A.S): There is no matter of dispute between two individuals unless there is a principle for that in the Holy Book of Quran. Through this method of text analysis in accordance with the rules of jurisprudence, the study first deals with the semantics of the contents, and reviews the narrative documents. Next, it explains the narration and the ways of inferring the Qur’anic principles. The findings of this study show that the Holy Quran contains principles that can meet the various needs of human beings by being adapted to the different needs of human beings. In this regard, three strategies have been proposed for inferring the principles of the Quran: using the authority of independent phrases, meta-context implications, and principle-oriented attitude in the Quranic stories.

Plants pre-treatment with various chemicals has often been used to diminish salinity stress impact on plants. In the present study, we used foliar spray of two antioxidant compounds (β -carotene and gallic acid) before the stress, to study interactive effect of antioxidants and salinity stress in seedlings of Lepidium sativum L. Our results showed growth indices, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a/b were negatively affected by 25 mM NaCl. The results obtained in the present study showed the beneficial effects of the pre-treatments of two antioxidants in of Lepidium sativum L. seedling under non salinity stress condition with respect to increasing root dry weight, RWC, photosynthetic pigments and the content of carbohydrate. The results suggested that foliar spray of β -carotene and gallic acid could considerably diminish NaCl-caused stress on Lepidium sativum L. seedlings, probably due to higher accumulation of plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, RWC and carbohydrate content, as well as significant reduction of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Collectively, it could be concluded that, the accumulation of osmotic metabolites and the intensification antioxidant systems during β -carotene and gallic acid -mediated pretreatments can diminish the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by NaCl stress through preventing the lipid peroxidation and scavenging cytotoxic H2O2. Therefore, usage of antioxidant compounds as a pretreatment under salinity stress may be advantageous for increasing biomass and osmotic adjustment in Lepidium sativum L. seedlings

In the current study, we aimed at identifying independent laboratory parameter to predict liver damage. Although liver biopsy is frequently recommended in assessing disease severity and selecting antiviral treatment candidates, it has several limitations.Patients and A total of 527 patients with untreated chronic hepatitis B virus infection were selected. A percutaneous liver biopsy was obtained. All of the patients were graded and staged for liver fibrosis (1-6) and inflammatory activity (1-18). Complete blood count, biochemical blood tests and Serum viral markers were detected for these patients. 106 patients had moderate to severe necroinflammatory activity. Compared to patients with mild activity, this group was older and had significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotrasferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk. P) and AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) and significantly lowers hemoglobin (Hb), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and platelet (PLT). By multiple regressions analysis Hb, AST, FBS and PLT were independently predictive of moderate to severe necroinflammatory activity. 109 patients had moderate to severe fibrosis. Compared to patients with mild fibrosis, the former patients were older. In addition, the mean of AST, ALT, PT and APRI were significantly higher, and WBC, serum Alb and PLT were significantly lower in patients with moderate to severe fibrosis. Also by multiple regressions analysis age, AST, serum Alb and PLT were independently predictive of moderate to severe fibrosis. Our study demonstrates the utility of biochemical markers for the diagnosis of moderate histological lesions in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Whereas millions of patients with chronic hepatitis B in the world are living, this approach will be useful and cost-benefit.