marziyeh dehghan

Physical and emotional manifestations of premenstrual disorder cause increased absenteeism, decreased productivity, and decreased work-related quality of life.

Due to the relatively high prevalence of premenstrual disorders in Iran and limited studies on its work-related problems, this study investigated the relationship between premenstrual disorders and work performance in working women.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 358 working women (teachers and industrial workers) in Yazd, Iran, from July 2019 to January 2020. Data were collected using premenstrual symptom screening tool, the work productivity and activity impairment (a modified version), and functional work capacity questionnaires. Women were classified into 2 groups: women with and without premenstrual disorders. Productivity, functional capacity, and ability to perform activities of daily living were compared between groups.

Among 358 participants, 121 women (33.8%) had premenstrual disorders. The prevalence of premenstrual disorders was significantly higher in teachers than workers (0.41% vs. 24.7%, respectively) (p = 0.002). The work results showed a worse score in the group with premenstrual disorder than the other group and teachers compared to workers (p < 0.001).

This study showed a significant association between premenstrual disorders and worse work productivity, functional work capacity, and ability to perform activities of daily living. Teachers had a higher prevalence of premenstrual disorders and worse work performance than workers, which can be due to higher education levels, work stress, more complex tasks, and increased work responsibility in teachers.

This study was carried out fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) under NaCl stress, seed germination with Methyl jasmonate priming. a factorial experiment at CRD design with three replications in 2014-2015 at the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. the factor A:includes Methyl jasmonate(MeJa) at three levels (0, 500 and 1000 mg/l) and factor (B): sodium chloride(NaCl) at 4 levels (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 dS/m). The characteristics such as Rate and percentage of germination, proline content and peroxidase. The results indicated that concentration of 1000 mg/l of MeJa led to increased germination under Control (100 %). Priming of Fennel seeds at 500 and 1000 mg/l of MeJa increase the germination rate were in Control. 1000 mg/l of MeJa led to the largest concentration of proline content in moderate NaCl stress conditions (5 dS/m) and severe (7.5 dS/m) is observed. Based on the results obtained from the interaction between priming and different concentrations of NaCl was found that priming of fennel seeds by 500 mg/l of MeJa increase peroxidase activity at 7.5 dS/m of NaCl. Finally, the results showed that Priming of fennel seeds by MeJa improve seed index, proline and peroxidaze enzyme activity at NaCl stress.

The distinctive use of language to influence the reader is an essential aspect of a writer’s style. Specific structure, selectivity, genre, and opting for certain words and compound terms are key factors in stylistics, from which writers and poets benefit to induce the desired meaning. Language is the foundation of thought and contemplation and, like any other social action, it denotes a certain implication. This necessitates a close analysis of what adverbs and adjectives signify as parts of speech. In his career, Akhavan Saless relies on adverbs and adjectives to make a strong bond between the linguistic context and its semantic impacts. The present study is a linguistic analysis of Akhavan Saless’ poetry in terms of parts of speech to uncover direct effects of his literary career on readers. Results imply that purposeful use of adverbs and adjectives as linguistic tools contributes to semantic development of his discourse as well as rational persuasion of readers, without being unreasonably lengthy.