maslakpak

Despite their significant roles in patient care, most nursing students have limited ability to make wise ethical decisions in difficult situations. This study aimed to examine the effects of nursing ethics education through case-based learning (CBL) on moral reasoning among nursing students. This controlled trial was conducted in 2016–2017 on 73 4th year nursing students recruited from Urmia Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia, Iran. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 37) and a control (n = 36) groups. Nursing ethics education to participants in the intervention and the control groups was provided through the case-based learning and the lecture methods, respectively. Using the Nursing Dilemma Test, participants' moral reasoning was assessed both before and 1 month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the paired- and the independent-samples t and the Chi-square tests. No statistically significant difference was found between the intervention and the control groups regarding the pretest mean score of moral reasoning (44.97 ± 7.50 vs. 43.64 ± 6.87;P = 0.44). However, the posttest mean score of moral reasoning in the intervention group was significantly greater than the control group (49.08 ± 5.74 vs. 44.67 ± 5.87;P = 0.002). Nursing ethics education through CBL is an effective strategy for improving moral reasoning among nursing students. Therefore, this method is recommended for ethics education to nursing students.

The occurrence of errors in writing skill in English language is a typical issue among the foreign language learners that requires an error analysis in detail. Accordingly, the purpose of present study is to analysis the type of written errors in papers submitted to Nursing and Midwifery Journal of Urmia University of Medical Sciences before conducting any scientific editing. In order to analyze the errors, from among a number of papers submitted to the journal, the English abstract of 50 papers were selected randomly, and the type of written errors were analyzed regarding the frequency and percentage of their occurrence. To analyze the data, SPSS software, version 16 was used. The findings revealed that the ratio of errors in terms of interlanguage interference (first language interference) in the target language (English) was more than the errors in the intralanguage interference (the target language itself), and they were more related to grammatical and lexical errors. The findings showed that first language has a significant effect on the occurrence of written errors in the target language. Therefore, by analyzing the type of errors, and rooting out their causes, we can evaluate the writing proficiency level of the submitters in the target language (English), to prevent the repetition of same written errors in their written materials.

Gastrointestinal diseases are common disorders for which endoscopy is one of the most important diagnostic procedures and due to the invasive nature of these procedures can cause fear and anxiety in patients.. Stress before an endoscopy procedure will lead to reducing the trend of patients and increasing the endoscopy time. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of nursing interventions on anxiety and some vital signs in patients undergoing endoscopy. This clinical trial semi-experimental study was carried out with participation of 80 patients undergoing endoscopy referred to Ayatollah Taleghani hospital of Urmia in 2012. Samples were selected by convenient sampling and allocated randomly to either experimental (n=40) or control groups (n=40). The experimental group received nursing interventions before endoscopy and endoscopy day. Anxiety level, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured in both groups before intervention and on endoscopy day (immediately before the procedure). The results showed that the two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic variables and there was not a significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). The mean score of anxiety, blood pressure and pulse rate in intervention group decreased after nursing interventions and immediately before endoscopy and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.01). Nursing interventions for patients undergoing endoscopy can reduce their anxiety before performing this procedure. So, this method can be used as a non-pharmacological method for reducing anxiety in patients before performing invasive procedures.