فهرست مطالب masoud fallahi khoshknab

One of the main components of community-based care services, which can help to involve families in patient care and self-care, is home care services. This study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the literature related to the barriers to home care in Iran.

In this systematic review, all articles related to the study objectives, published until March 2021, were examined. An extensive search using the keywords "home care", "Iran's health system" and their combination with the keywords "barriers", "implementation", "nursing" and "Iran", "Home care", "Palliative care", "Nursing home" "care", "Iranian health system" and combining with the keywords "barrier", "Iran", "practice", "nursing" in valid databases as SID, Iran Medex, Iran Doc,Magiran, Science Direct, Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library was done. Inclusion criteria were articles in English or Farsi, quasi-experimental,questionnaire, qualitative and was relevant to the objectives of the study. Exclusion criteria were review articles, posters, speeches and letters to the editor.

Infrastructural problems such as non-availability of social platform, uncertainty of service coverage by universal insurance, non-availability of virtual communication platforms, educationalsystem problems, inter-professional and inter-departmental cooperation problems, accreditation,management factors and related to specialists and the lack of guidelines, lack of competence of some nurses in providing home care services, lack of information about the context and family culture of patients, lack of job security, unsafe home environment for nurses, unsuitable environment for performing some nursing services and Medicine was the main barriers of nursing care at home in Iran.

Nursing care plan at home is possible through policy making, reforms and providing infrastructure, defining it in Iran's health system, reassuring the people, benefiting from the capacity of mass media and medical staff, and introducing it on official websites.

The geriatric nursing master's program was established to provide care to the elderly. The evaluation of the educational program is one of the most important ways to improve it. Therefore, the current study was carried out with the aim of comparison of the master's program of geriatric nursing in Iran and Duke University.

This comparative descriptive study was performed in 2022. Data were analyzed using Bereday model in four stages of description, interpretation, proximity and comparison. The Master of Pediatric Nursing Education Program of the University of Duck, and Iran was evaluated in terms of admission, philosophy, mission, graduates' job positions, course content and evaluation, analysis, and strengths and weaknesses.

The results showed that due to the scope of elderly care, Duke University offers nursing master's degree in both acute and primary care, but in Iran, it is offered as a single program. Philosophy, mission, and vision are written specifically in Iran, but at Duke University, they are the same for all master's programs. The admission of students to Duke University is checked by various criteria, but in Iran, entrance exam is the only admission criteria. The courses offered in Iran are appropriate to the existing conditions of the country, but it seems necessary to pay attention to other subjects in nursing. Unlike Duke University, the job status of graduates in Iran is clearly stated. Also, teaching and evaluation methods in Iran are very diverse.

The geriatric nursing master's curriculum in Iran has many strengths, but in order to improve the program, attention should be paid to things such as entrance interviews, professional qualification tests, distance and online learning, and consideration of evidence-based practices and transitions Professionalism also seems necessary.

Nursing is a challenging profession. Workplace bullying is one of these challenges. Compared to other professions, prevalence of workplace bullying is higher in nursing. However, there is little information available about workplace bullying and work environment in nursing and psychiatric nursing in particular, in Iran. This study aimed to determine the relationship between workplace bullying and work environment of nurses working in Razi Educational and Therapeutic Psychiatric Center in Tehran in 2023.

This study used a cross-sectional descriptive analytical design that was conducted on 153 nurses working in Razi Educational and Therapeutic Psychiatric Center in Tehran in the fall of 2023. Participants were included in the study via simple random sampling method and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic questionnaire, Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Working Index (PES-NWI) were used to collect data. Data was analyzed by SPSS 25 software.

Prevalence of workplace bullying among nurses in the last 6 month was 24.2%. The mean score of Practice Environment Scale was 2.41±0.45. A higher work environment score [OR=0/129, 95% CI for OR (0/046, 0/359), p<0/001] was significantly associated with a lower risk of bullying. Having a good relationship with managers [OR=0/242, 95% CI for OR (0/081,0/724), p=0/011 ] and being interested in the work unit [OR=0/190, 95% CI for OR (0/063,0/549), p=0/003] were also associated with lower risk of bullying.

The work environment influences the presence of bullying. Therefore, nurse managers are advised to reduce workplace bullying by improving work environment. Improving nurses’ communication with managers and increasing their interest in the workplace can also be helpful in this regard.

The migration of nurses is a widespread phenomenon that impacts the stability of the nursing workforce in healthcare systems worldwide. This is often used to address labor shortages in the destination country. However, this phenomenon caused significant challenges, including a shortage of nursing staff and limitations in providing health services in the countries of origin. This study aims to review the factors that contribute to the migration of nurses globally.

This study is a narrative review study. In the first stage and based on the purpose of the research, searching for articles using Boolean operators in the time range of 2011 to 2023 in English and Farsi with the keywords "Migration, Immigrant, nurse" in the national information databases SID, Magiran and also Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was done. In this study, 13 articles were examined based on the entry and exit criteria and the appropriateness of the content with the purpose of the study.

The migration of nurses involves four main categories of psychosocial, organizational, economic, and individual-family factors. At the global level, organizational factors were the most effective and economic factors were the least effective factors.

Nurses' migration is a multidimensional issue requiring policymakers to pay special attention to it. Nursing managers should take steps to increase nurses' job satisfaction to prevent them from leaving.

The escalating challenges of drug and alcohol abuse underscore the critical need to prioritize Addiction-Affected Family members (AAFs), who face diverse health consequences and complex challenges. This study focuses on Addiction-Affected Mothers (AAMs) and their coping strategies during their child’s substance abuse, aiming to explore their experiences during both the addiction and recovery periods. 

Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), nine AAMs, whose children had completed recovery, participated in semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling ensured firsthand insights, with data analysis following IPA principles, including coding, categorization, and interpretation. Trustworthiness was maintained through member checking, peer debriefing, and ethical considerations.

The data analysis and the codes extracted from the interviews revealed four main themes and 14 subthemes. The four main themes extracted from the data included 1. Social Isolation, 2. The Swamp Trails, 3. The Continuum of Injuries, and 4. The Pursuit of Freedom. The first three main themes contained 11 sub-themes reflecting the mothers’ experiences caused by their child’s addiction, and the fourth theme, containing 3 sub-themes, comprised of countermeasures and effective mechanisms employed to overcome addiction-caused problems. 

The study provides evidence-based insights for enhanced services and policies targeting Addiction-Affected Mothers, who often initiate responses within families. Specialized interventions are crucial to address their unique needs and those of their families, minimizing the direct and indirect effects of addiction. Encouraging AAMs’ participation in support sessions is vital for ongoing coping. Effective resources and strategies can facilitate long-term recovery for both individuals with substance abuse and their families, contributing to a deeper understanding of familial dynamics affected by addiction.

Respecting the rights of patients is one of the care priorities that should be paid attention to by nurses. In this regard, cultural nursing interventions are one of the effective ways to preserve and promote it. This study was conducted to determining the effect of implementing care based on cultural competence on the attitude towards respecting patients' rights among nurses working in Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah.

The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group, the research community of which was formed by nurses working at Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah in the first half of 1400. 60 nurses who met the entry criteria entered the study through available sampling and were randomly classified into two test and control groups. To collect data, the nurses' demographic information form and the attitude questionnaire toward respecting patients' rights were used, which were completed by the participants before and two months after the implementation of the intervention. The intervention group received skills based on cultural competence, including its concepts and components, dimensions, principles and prerequisites, and practical skills to increase it during one month in four sessions in person and virtually. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 statistical software and using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of demographic characteristics. The attitude towards respecting patients' rights in nurses before the intervention was 43.50 ± 7.11 in the nurses of the test group and 42.10 ± 4.10 in the nurses of the control group, which did not have a statistically significant difference (p=0.73). However, after the intervention, it reached 49.96 ± 6.93 in the test group and 42.00 ± 4.39 in the control group, which was significant in the test group (P<0.001).

Considering the effectiveness of training and implementation of care based on cultural competence in the attitude toward respecting the rights of patients in nurses, it is suggested that health trustees and nursing managers use the results of this research to preserve and respect the rights of patients and empower nurses in the field of cultural competence.

Postmodernism is an intellectual, social, cultural, artistic, and moral evolutionist movement in the contemporary era. Nursing theorists consider postmodernism essential for formulating and presenting a care program because rethinking, critical thinking, and evidence-based training and practice are the main concepts of this philosophical thinking. The present study reviewed the available literature and evidence about postmodernism as an evidence-based approach to nursing.

In this study, a non-systematic narrative review method was used. Articles were searched using the keywords Postmodern, Postmodernism, Evidence-Based Practice, and Nursing. The search for Persian and English articles was done in the internal databases of SID and Magiran and external databases of PubMed, ProQuest, and Science Direct without time and methodological limitations. A total of 207 articles were found, and after reviewing the articles, 18 studies were evaluated and analyzed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for data extraction.

The results showed that the five features of postmodernism in evidence-based nursing science include "decentralization in care practice," "attention to patient values," "strengthening decision-making and clinical reasoning," "reflection and critical thinking in evidence," and "interaction and communication therapy."

Since the postmodernist theory shares many concepts with the evidence-based approach, this point of view can be used to increase the standards of education and care in nursing. Therefore, it is suggested that respected nurses consider using this approach. Also, professors, clinical nursing trainers, and nursing managers should pay more attention to applying this important approach.

social media such as tv and radio, It plays a significant role in presenting a professional and sometimes unprofessional picture of different professions from different angles, dimensions and perspectives in societies. With the unexpected arrival of the covid-19 pandemic, nurses and the nursing profession received more attention from the public media, so this study aimed to compare the nursing image in this social media before and after the covid-19 pandemic.

 This article is a narrative review article. Search articles with the keywords "Nursing Image", "social media" and " Covid-19", through national databases, SID IranMedex, Magiran and Pubmed and International, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, web of science was conducted between 2000 and 2022. The twenty-eight article was searched based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and the purpose of this study was finalized.

The findings were reviewed in foreign and domestic media before and after corona and showed that before the covid-19 pandemic prevalence, nurses had more stereotypical or propaganda images in terms of appearance, gender and professionalism and were more engaged in non-specialized and physician-dependent tasks with the pandemic prevalence of covid-19 nurses in the media, mostly with the words "hero" and "soldier". And the health advocate was introduced and found a special place.

Covid-19 pandemic caused the media to present a more realistic image of nurses' role in health and disease control to the community and increase awakening and public awareness of the profession and nurses to be seen more prominently than before.

Numerous evidences indicate the extensive effects of the Covid-19 crisis on the working conditions of nurses and their job satisfaction. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the job satisfaction of nurses during the covid-19 pandemic.

This study was conducted using a systematic review based on six Cochrane stages. After determining the objectives and questions of the research, the key words "job satisfaction", "work satisfaction", nurse, Covid-19, coronavirus and their Persian equivalents including job satisfaction, nurse, covid-19 and corona in valid databases including Web of science, PubMed, Scopus and electronic journal Science Direct and SID and Magiran were searched using AND, OR and NOT operators in the period of December 2019 to January 2022. Also, the Google Scholar search engine was also checked in order to ensure the extraction of all available related articles. Finally, out of 495 articles included in the screening stage, 22 articles were selected based on the entry and exit criteria for full review and data extraction.

After reviewing the full text of 22 included articles, the findings about "job satisfaction of nurses during the covid-19 pandemic" were summarized in three categories: (1) the level of job satisfaction (2) factors related to job satisfaction and (3) Solutions provided to improve job satisfaction

Job satisfaction of nurses during the pandemic was moderate in most studies and was related to three categories of individual, social and organizational factors. Also, researchers have presented solutions in their studies that can be used to improve the job satisfaction of nurses during this crisis.

Burnout syndrome is common among health workers, especially nurses. Among the nurses of different departments, the nurses working in the emergency department are more prone to burnout due to the existence of several factors such as high workload, long shifts, and insufficient human resources. The purpose of this study is to investigate burnout in emergency nurses.

This is a review study by searching for Persian studies using the keywords of job burnout, health care workers, medical staff, health care workers, nurses, emergency, in databases of SID, Civilica, Magiran and using the keywords of burnout, emergency, care provider, health care workers, nurses in PubMed, ISI Web Of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar databases between January 1, 1990 and December 30, 2022. Of the 761 studies that were found after an extensive search and screening; 44 studies were evaluated and analyzed for data extraction.

The results of these studies indicated that emergency nurses face burnout syndrome more than other nurses. It was also observed that various factors such as age, marital status, workload and working hours have a direct relationship with the job burnout. Also, the results of the studies show the impact of coping strategies, mindfulness and training programs on reducing nurses' burnout.

A significant number of emergency nurses had moderate to high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, along with low levels of personal success. Using coping strategies, mindfulness, meditation, and meditation are suggested ways to control and prevent burnout in emergency department nurses.

Heart failure is one of the common chronic diseases in old age and is considered as a progressive and debilitating disorder. Nowadays, the use of supportive and non-pharmacological methods in disease management and empowerment of elderly patients is of increasing importance. This study was aims to assess the effect of a 5A model-based self-management program on self-management ability and dyspnea severity in the elderly with chronic heart failure.

This is a randomized controlled clinical trial that was conducted on 75 eligible elderly people with heart failure (Class II or III) in Babol, Iran. They were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group received the self-management training program based on the 5A model for 12 weeks. The control group received the usual training. The data before and immediately after the intervention were collected using the self-management ability scale (SMAS) and the five-item modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea scale. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS software version 24. 

The mean age of patients was 68.026±3.956 in the intervention group and 69.595±4.079 in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. After the intervention, the total SMAS score and severity of dyspnea in the intervention group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.001). The difference was also significant in all subscales of SMAS between the two groups (P<0.001). 

Considering the positive effect of the 5A model-based self-management program on improving self-management ability and reducing the severity of dyspnea in the elderly with chronic heart failure, it can be used as a simple, low-cost, effective method, without the need to go to medical centers, to improve the quality of life of these patients.

The ever-increasing speed of changes in today's world has led to the emergence of an era called uncertainty, and an environment full of opportunities and threats has made the current complex systems a precursor. One of the challenges of accurate and big planning for the future is the uncertainty inherent in the future and rapid changes in various fields in health. A powerful tool that predicts future competitive environments and develops long-term strategy even in environments with the greatest uncertainty is the scenario planning tool. Scenarios are descriptions of future situations and possible events in those situations so that a person can move from their current situation to a planned future. Scenario writing is not only a planning tool, but also an effective learning tool. Thinking about scenarios helps us to understand the logic of development, to recognize driving forces, trends and challenges. Drivers are a set of future-shaping forces that affect different futures globally or locally. Proponents perform the task of advancing and solving challenges simultaneously. For its development and sustainability, nursing education needs drivers so that it can maintain its existence in a turbulent age. Drivers are the main factors consisting of several processes that cause change in a studied area. Nursing education in the country, while having many challenges and crises, has diverse and somewhat unknown capacities. Drivers and trends that, if identified and applied, can overcome some of the existing challenges. Therefore, the current research tries to identify the key factors and the main drivers involved in nursing education and then by designing the desired and probable scenarios in the future, it provides a framework for policy making and flexible planning according to the conditions. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of scenario planning the future of nursing education in Iran.

This research was conducted with an exploratory nature and with the aim of knowing the leading futures in the field of nursing education in Iran in the undergraduate course. In the first stage, in order to identify drivers and trends, qualitative interviews with nursing professors of Iran and Delphi universities were used. Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step method was used for synthesis. In the second step, a semi-structured interview was used. The participants were selected in a goal-based way from nursing professors who had managerial experience in nursing education. Interviews were conducted by phone and in person. The Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the content of the codes. In the third step, the Delphi method was used to confirm and evaluate the drivers identified. 30 people, including nursing specialists (members of nursing board and teaching assistants and managers of nursing departments in all nursing schools of medical sciences universities of the country) participated in the research by means of targeted sampling. A report of the drivers and trends obtained from the previous stage along with a summary of the research method and research objectives was sent to the members. For evaluation, scoring was used in the form of 0 to 5. This process continued in three consecutive rounds of e-mail and face-to-face visits. Then, using a panel of experts, the influence and uncertainty of the identified trends were scored. In the next step, using influence/uncertainty diagrams, the key axes for writing the scenario were determined. Scenarios were designed by Scenario Wizard software version 11/4 and strategies were presented. The validity of the scenarios was examined from the four perspectives of feasibility, internal consistency, usefulness and differentiation. All four conditions were acceptable according to the experts.

In the meta-synthesis stage, after internet search, 723 articles were reviewed, among which nine articles were used for the final analysis. At the end of this stage, the researcher identified 127 codes, which according to the purpose of the research and also based on the semantic proximity and the only verbal difference between some codes, the codes were merged and brought under a common title. Finally, 24 codes were identified. In the next step, considering the concept of each of these codes, they were categorized into a similar concept. In order to evaluate the quality, the results were given to one of the experts to be evaluated by the Kappa index. Using SPSS version 16 software, at a significance level of 0.05, this coefficient was obtained as 0.83, which shows the appropriate reliability of the codes. In the interview phase, 17 nursing professors (2 professors, 6 associate professors, 6 assistant professors, and 3 instructors) with an average clinical experience of 16 ± 1.2 years and an average managerial experience of 6 ± 3.1 years were interviewed. A total of 23 interviews were conducted with an average of 25-30 minutes. 15 of the interviews were conducted over the phone and the rest of the interviews were conducted in person. In this step, 356 codes were obtained. The findings of the content analysis were categorized using Shannon's entropy, and the results were entered into the next step for agreement and confirmation. In the third step, the experts agreed on 6 drivers and 31 trends. With five key uncertainties, the scenario was designed in three optimistic, intermediate and pessimistic assumptions. According to the size of the matrix and its dimensions (15 x 15), four problem-oriented, ethical, maintaining the status quo and closed educational system scenarios were reported for nursing education in Iran.

In the current study, four different scenarios were designed. Ultimately, each of these scenarios is believable and each has the potential to be realized, but which one will happen depends on today's plans. Scenarios have no prescription for the future itself, but rather a short film of the possibilities that may occur. This research is an analysis of the reliable results of our current possible actions. Further researches can obtain indicators for these scenarios. The application of future planning methods such as scenario in Iran's national health system can be considered as a warning system for awareness of opportunities and threats before the crisis. In order to improve the future of nursing education in Iran, it is recommended to form an expert working group with technical skills of scenario planning for more coordination in the strategic planning of specialized and sub-specialized fields and to formulate a comprehensive plan for the correct implementation of future planning projects. The manager or decision maker of the health field can see the serious part of the consequences of different decisions in the form of future scenarios of experience and future failure points right now.

In all societies, educational goals have many similarities. However, educational planning to achieve the goals varies according to the needs of the communities. Comparing different educational programs in nursing can improve the content and quality of the educational program and respond to the needs of the community to train and provide a skilled nursing staff. Therefore, this comparative study was conducted to identify more similarities and differences between the two curricula.

In this descriptive-comparative study operated in 2021, the required data in relation to the Master of Pediatric Nursing Education Program was gathered using the following keyword search: The comparative study, Curriculum, Master, Pediatric Nursing, America, Iran. Moreover, a review of the history and details of the curriculum of the master's degree program in pediatric nursing in Iran and Duke University were searched and collected. Then the data were analyzed using Bereday model in four stages of description, interpretation, proximity and comparison.

The Master of Pediatric Nursing program in Iran and Duke University were similar in terms of philosophy and perspective, the role of students after graduation, and educational strategies and teaching methods. However, it differs in terms of admission conditions (in the case of decentralized admission, a formal work permit (RN) and one year of pediatric care experience are required), the nature of the field (in Duke, it focuses on field and clinical education, in contrast, it is mostly based on education, research, and research dissertation in Iran). Moreover, the mission of the field (In Iran it focuses on family-centered care and at Duke University it focuses on cultural issues) as well as the perspective of the field (in Iran, the position of
pediatric nursing education is in line with international standards and in Duke university is focused on training transformational leaders in the future) were evaluated.

The Master's program in Pediatric Nursing in Iran has many similarities with the similar program at Duke University, but to improve the quality of this field in Iran, its differences with the Duke curriculum such as work experience requirement for accepting volunteers, conducting interviews to assess psychological characteristics Before entering the course and also focusing on teaching clinical skills and paying attention to cultural issues in family-centered care should be further examined and considered in the program review.

Professional identity is an important process in the creation and expansion of the nursing profession, which is created over time and includes gaining insight into professional performance and creating the ideals and values of the profession. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the challenges of professional identity formation in nursing students.

The present study was conducted using a systematic review method. Articles were searched using the keywords Professional Identity, Challenges, Nursing Students, Nursing and its Persian equivalent Professional Identity, Challenges, Nursing Students and Nursing. The search for Persian and English articles was conducted in the internal databases of SID and IRANDOC and external databases of PubMed, ProQuest and Science Direct. A number of 21 studies were evaluated and analyzed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for data extraction.

The challenges related to the formation of professional identity in nursing, in 4 categories: challenges related to nursing students, challenges related to the educational system, challenges related to nurses and challenges related to the environment and Social culture can be classified.

Challenges related to the formation of professional identity in nursing include challenges related to nursing students, educational system, nurses, environment and social culture. It is suggested that nursing managers and trainers in the clinical areas of nursing act as a perfect model for future nursing students, nursing programs should aim to reduce the gap between theoretical and clinical education. It is also suggested that media members support the nursing profession and nurses' effort to show their professional capabilities in social media.

The nursing education course faces challenges that can be solved with simple and low-cost measures if properly identified. Otherwise, the challenges will turn into a crisis and their solution will be difficult and costly. However, there is no tool available to examine the challenges of nursing education in Iran.

This research is a combined study that was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the terms of the questionnaire were compiled using the qualitative interview of the study, as well as the review of authentic texts related to the topic of the research. In the next step, during a methodological study, the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire were determined using face validity, content (CVR & CVI) and exploratory factor analysis, as well as reliability with internal consistency and stability methods.

The pool of items including 30 expressions was extracted. After determining face validity, qualitative and quantitative content validity, the number of questionnaire statements was reduced to 28 items. The result of the exploratory factor analysis of this questionnaire, three factors including "defective educational cycle", "educational structure challenge" and "overall neglect as a member of the education family", these three factors explained a total of 72.01% of the variance of the entire test. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.865 and the stability through retest with intraclass correlation test was 0.8.

Considering the desired validity and reliability of the 27-item questionnaire of nursing education challenges, its use by researchers is recommended.

Considering the nurses' role in promoting community health and clinical education in shaping the necessary skills and professional competencies of nursing students, it is necessary to examine the clinical education environment's challenges. Identifying the challenges of clinical education helps to eliminate or correct weaknesses and can improve the achievement of educational goals, train skilled people, and provide higher quality care services.

This review study was conducted by searching for the keywords of " challenge," "nursing students," "clinical education" in articles published in Persian language databases SID, irandoc, Magiran from 2001 to 2019. Inclusion criteria were Persian-language articles, technical articles in the field of nursing, and articles that examined nursing, along with several other disciplines. From a total of 245 articles found, 23 articles related to the article's purpose were selected after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The challenges of clinical education have been identified in six primary areas, which include: 1) Insufficient mastery of instructors in clinical departments 2) Insufficient student readiness to enter internship 3) Lack of staff support for students 4) Lack of a written educational program for Clinical education 5) Lack of an exact model for clinical evaluation 6) Lack of cooperation and trust of patients in relevant students.

These findings indicate the need to pay attention to clinical education as a significant part of professional nursing education by considering clinical education challenges in nursing students' clinical education environment.

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and nature of adverse events (AEs) and provide suggestions on how to prevent AEs recurrence in an inpatient rehabilitation hospital in Iran.

This retrospective descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2021 at Rofaydeh Rehabilitation Hospital in Tehran City, Iran. AEs associated with rehabilitation services and nursing care, which were reported in the hospital’s voluntary reporting system from 2018 to 2021 were evaluated. A standard checklist codified by the Ministry of Health of Iran was used to collect the data from the medical error documentation. The data were analyzed by the SPSS software, version 21, using descriptive statistics, the chi-square, and the Fisher exact tests.

A total of 5642 patients had been hospitalized in the study setting and 517 AEs had been documented during the 4 years of the study. The most common AEs in descending order were as follows: falls 288(55.7%), pressure ulcers 57(11.02%), medication errors 50(9.67%), clinical process 49(9.47%), clinical administration (issues with admission process 10(1.93%) and wrong patient identification 5(0.96%). Among 58(11.21%) cases of hospital-acquired infections, 45(77.58%) cases were urinary tract infections. There was a significant relationship between age and fall (P=0.026), pressure ulcer (P=0.006), and hospital-acquired infection (P=0.001), and between gender and fall (P=0.01), pressure ulcer (P=003), and hospital-acquired infection (P=0.01). The severity of identified AEs was categorized into mild 431(83.36%), moderate 61(11.79%), and severe 25(4.83%). The most common causes of AEs were limited supervision of patients by healthcare providers.

This study showed that patient fall, pressure ulcer, and hospital-acquired infection were the most prevalent AEs in the rehabilitation hospital. Future efforts to improve patient safety in these settings should focus on reducing such AEs along with removing barriers to voluntary incident reporting.

Nurses working in intensive care units (ICU) have experienced numerous challenges while caring for patients with COVID-19.

The aim of this study was to explore ICU nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19.

This research presents part of a qualitative study conducted using a grounded theory approach. Participants consisted of nurses and physicians from the selected hospitals in Sabzevar, Neishabour, and Mashhad, Iran. Data collection was performed using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Participants were enrolled via purposive sampling during 2022–2023. A total of 21 participants were interviewed. The method of Corbin and Strauss (2015) was used to analyze the data. We used Guba and Lincoln’s four criteria of credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability to ensure data trustworthiness.

Four main categories emerged from the data that collectively reflect the experiences of Iranian ICU nurses in caring for COVID-19 patients. These categories included ward overcrowding, changing patterns, complexity of care, and feeling exhausted. All of these categories show that Iranian ICU nurses were under intense pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study showed that taking care of patients was very exhausting for nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital authorities and nursing administrators have a responsibility to support nurses and provide them facilities to feel less stress and uncertainty, while caring for patients with COVID-19.

Nurses play an important role in providing health services to the community. Therefore, the curricula in this field are of particular importance and should be continuously revised in line with the educational system and the needs of society. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the MSc curriculum of Iranian Internal Surgery Nursing and The University of Pennsylvania in the United States.

This comparative review was conducted in 1401. First, according to the ranking of nursing faculties of the world, a top university ranking one (Pennsylvania Nursing School) was selected by searching the QS.COM site, and the required information was collected and compared using the 4-step Bereday model.

The findings showed that The Iranian Nursing Program and the Pennsylvania School of Nursing have commonalities and differences. (In Pennsylvania, the method of decentralized admission, with the condition of average and background, and in Iran, merely having a bachelor's degree and participation in the entrance exam of the Ministry of Health), the nature of the field (in Pennsylvania, with an emphasis on the development of clinical decision-making experts according to culture, and in Iran, the development of clinical specialists in the field of disease care). It is international) The content of the courses (in Iran and Pennsylvania, the content of the lessons is largely the same, but varies in the number of units).

Comparing the U.S. and Iran curricula shows that the U.S.-Iran curriculum has similarities in the content of the curriculum and objectives in general. However, in the nature of the field, the mission, prospects, and the way students are accepted are superior to those in Iran.

The comparison of different educational programs in nursing can improve the content and quality of the educational program and respond to the needs of the society in order to educate and provide the nursing workforce; Therefore, this comparative study was carried out in order to know more about the similarities and differences between the rehabilitation nursing curriculum of Iran and the University of Melbourne.

In this comparative descriptive study in the year 2023, data related to the master's degree program in rehabilitation nursing using the keywords of comparative study, curriculum, master's degree, rehabilitation nursing, Australian course, Iran, and a review of the history and details of the program. The senior expertise of rehabilitation nursing in Iran and Melbourne University was collected. Then, the data was analyzed using the Bereday model in four stages: description, interpretation, adjoining and comparison.

The master's degree program in rehabilitation nursing in Iran and the University of Melbourne were different from each other in terms of the manner and conditions of acceptance, the nature of the field, the mission and also the perspective.

In order to improve the quality of Iran's rehabilitation nursing education, trying to teach specific rehabilitation clinical skills for special groups and with the participation of society in the process of teaching this field, like the University of Melbourne, can be very fruitful; Therefore, attention to the use of evidence-based nursing should be considered more than before in the revision of this curriculum.

It is very important to evaluate and revise the curricula to improve their quality and ensure the education of competent students in the future. Also, this action in nursing PhD programs is vital because of its direct connection with the health of society. Therefore, the current study was conducted to compare the curriculum of nursing PhD in Iran and the University of Pittsburgh, USA.

This is a descriptive-comparative study that was conducted based on Bereday's model in 2022. After obtaining the educational programs of Iran and the University of Pittsburgh, the components of them were described and interpreted separately, and then by juxtaposing and classifying the information, were compared with each other, and conclusions were drawn.

The most important strengths of the educational program of the University of Pittsburgh were focusing on the up-to-date areas that are appropriate for the level of a specialized doctorate degree, such as the development of information technology in health management, cooperation with various healthcare institutions in the field of knowledge translation in health sciences, Student admission based on merit selection and not the entrance exam score as a criterion, Satisfied with a few specific and specialized competences and capabilities based on the mission and overall goals of the course, the anticipation of course units related to expected main competencies, including research mentoring, teaching mentoring, responsibilities and activities of scientists. Also, to obtain the defense permit, it is enough to send an article extracted from the thesis to a journal, and it is not mandatory to accept or publish the article.

Some of the most important strengths of the educational program of the University of Pittsburgh as a leading and excellent university were extracted in different sections such as focused areas, student admission requirements, expected competencies, course units, and thesis defense. It is necessary to pay attention to these strengths in the future revisions of Iran's nursing doctoral program.

One of the side effects of electroconvulsive therapy is headache, which can be experienced immediately or shortly after the patient regains consciousness. Foot reflexology massage as a nursing intervention to reduce some symptoms and complications in different patients has been reported to be useful. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of foot reflexology massage on the headache rate of patients after electroconvulsive therapy.

This experimental before-after with control group design of 54 female patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy at the Razi Psychiatric Training Center in Tehran. Based on the randomization of the available samples, the patients were assigned to three groups: foot reflexology massage, placebo and control. The visual pain measurement scale was completed after electroconvulsive therapy (before intervention) and 10 minutes after foot reflexology massage for the intervention and placebo groups and with the same time interval for the control group. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as chi-square and one-variable covariance analysis.

There was no significant difference between the studied groups in terms of demographic characteristics and average headache scores before the intervention (p<0.05). But after the intervention, the mean headache score was significantly lower in the foot reflexology massage group (2.56±0.268) and the control group (3.48±0.266) than the placebo group (3.55±0.268) (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the control groups and placebo group (p=0.84). In other words, the intervention (foot reflexology massage) caused a significant decrease in headache in the intervention group compared to the control and placebo group.

The use of foot reflexology massage is effective in reducing the intensity of headaches in women undergoing electroconvulsive therapy, therefore it is suggested that nurses in electroconvulsive therapy wards use this non-drug method to reduce headache symptoms.

The concept of emancipation in the sense of empowerment, independence, and freedom came to the literature on disability with the emergence of a social model. Despite the importance of this concept, it is still unclear what effects the realization of the emancipation process has on the lives of people with disabilities and society.

This study aimed to explore the consequences of the emancipation process for people with physical disabilities.

The study was conducted using the grounded theory method in 2021. Participants included 23 people with physical disabilities, a welfare organization manager, a welfare organization employee, a rehabilitation nurse, a physician, and two family members. The research data reached theoretical saturation with 18 individual interviews and two focused groups with 11 people with physical disabilities. 5 people were in the first group, and six were in the second group.

Data were analyzed based on the approach of Corbin and Strauss (2008). Data analysis led to 833 codes, seven sub-themes, and three main themes. The main themes included excellence and growth, functional health, and realization of a disabled-friendly society, and subthemes included self-actualization, self-determination, improving personal performance, economic self-sufficiency, improving social relationships, cultural acceptance of disability, and realization of social participation.

The emancipation process leads to positive outcomes in the lives of individuals with physical disabilities. These consequences appear in individual areas, such as improving performance and self-sufficiency, social participation, and promoting community culture, which can be useful in planning and policy-making focusing on the realization of the emancipation process. A rehabilitation team can assist in achieving emancipation and its consequences.

In nursing homes, intergenerational relationships has of particular importance because people of different ages and from different generations interact with each other. Health care workers, including nurses, can cover a wide range of intergenerational relationships in the form of care provided to the elderly. Despite the importance of intergenerational relationship among the elderly, the related challenges in nursing homes in Iran have not been studied yet. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors affecting intergenerational relationships in nursing homes in Iran.

 This is a qualitative study that was conducted in three nursing homes in Tehran, Iran using the grounded theory method. Participants were 13 older residents and 8 employees working in nursing homes (Five nurses, one supervisor, one psychologist and one nursing home manager) who were recruited purposively. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and sorted by constant comparison method. Data analysis was performed using Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory method.

 Data analysis yielded five main categories. “Intergenerational tensions” was the main variable. The causal condition for this variable was titled “Tensions based on psychological factors”. The contextual factors in nursing homes were in a group titled “defective platform of intergenerational relationships”. The intervening factors included facilitators of and barriers to intergenerational relationships. Strategies was titled “Efforts to preserve existence” and consequences were titled “living with insecurity”.

 Generational differences between nursing home residents and staffs make it difficult to establish effective relationships between them which can cause poor quality care. The findings can help nursing home managers to apply strategies to remove barriers to intergenerational relationships and know how to improve these relationships and create greater cohesion between generations so that it can lead to better care and subsequently improved quality of life in the elderly.

The covid-19 epidemic is one of the biggest challenges facing the healthcare system today. Currently, nurses, as the main members of the treatment team, are experiencing many conflicts when it comes to balancing work and family. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges associated with work-family conflict in nurses and find an effective solution for managing it.

The present study is an integrated review and includes Farsi and English articles extracted from internal databases SID, MAGIRAN and IRANDOC and external databases PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, ProQuest, SCOPUS and CINHEAL in the period from 2019 to 2022 using The keywords of nurse, work-family conflict, coronavirus and covid-19 were used separately, combined and their English equivalent using Boolean operators. The inclusion criteria included qualitative, quantitative and mixed studies, which addressed the challenges of work-family conflicts of nurses and had obtained an acceptable score in Gifford's quality assessment.

Out of a total of 256 related articles, 21 eligible articles (18 English articles and 3 Persian articles) were reviewed. The results show that the challenges of work and family conflicts of nurses in the era of Corona in 3 levels of organization-based challenges; Individual-based challenges and family-based challenges were obtained.

Changing boundaries and family-work balance during the covid-19 pandemic has led to an increase in conflicts in the nursing profession. This is the result of existing concerns about the contagiousness of the virus and the mental and health changes related to the nature of this disease. In this regard, by using family and organizational support and individual training in dealing with crises, the amount of these conflicts in nurses can be reduced.