masoud ghaderi

As steel fibers are important reinforcement materials in concrete, in this study, the behavior of hook-shaped steel fibers from concrete is predicted through the use of artificial neural networks. In the absence of comprehensive laboratory data, data obtained from finite element analysis was used for modeling. The simulations are carried out using ABAQUS software's finite element method in 3D. Using the concept of the transition zone of the interface, whose parameters were obtained by inverse finite element analysis and experimental tests conducted on a sample of fibers, this model has been developed to simulate the interaction between fibers and concrete. On the basis of the results of the numerical model validated against the experimental results, the effective parameters of the fibers were extracted, and a neural network was then constructed based on the results. A multilayer forward perceptron artificial neural network and back-propagation training algorithm are used to predict pull-out force, with Marquardt-Lonberg optimization applied. The results demonstrate that the neural network model presented in this research is an effective method for predicting the pull-out force of fibers from concrete, in part because it allows the use of more variables in modeling, as well as delivering more accurate results.

Legislation as one of the most important categories of criminal law is a process that does not only lead to the birth of a new text of the law by members of parliament; Rather, reducing the volume of laws in necessary cases should be considered as one of the functions of the legislative system. This is especially important in the field of criminal law; Because for various reasons, we have witnessed an increase in the volume of criminal law and as a result the restriction of fundamental rights and public freedoms of individuals. A closer look at the phenomenon of government in the present age can show the ideological influence of this institution, which in its most common form has a religious or political form. The inclusion of acts or behaviors within the scope of criminal law also depends on the ideological attitude of the government towards the criminal phenomenon; Because the regulation of society requires the use of coercive force whose constituent forces are entrenched within the state. Minimalist states, which have also characterized criminality as such, have been influenced by important theoretical foundations such as liberalism, libertarianism, and republican theory in the enactment of criminal law. Defending these ideas to get out of trouble goes back to the consequentialist and result-oriented approach in North America and Europe; Therefore, the defense of the mentioned principles in the mentioned countries has been presented as an efficient and effective model. Due to the challenges posed by the many crimes.

In this paper، a new analytical method is proposed to study the effect of crack and axial load on vibration behavior and stability of the cracked columns. Using the local flexibility model، the crack has been simulated by a torsional spring with connecting two segments of column in crack location. By solving governing eigenvalue equation، the effect of crack parameters and axial load on the natural frequencies and buckling load as well as buckling load are investigated. The results show that the presents of crack cause to reduction in natural frequencies and buckling load whereas this reduction is affected by the location and depth of the crack. Furthermore، the tensiel and compressive axial load increase and decrease the natural frequencies، respectively. In addition، as the compression load approaches to certain value، the fundamental natural frequency reaches zero and instability occurs. The accuracy of the model is validated through the experimental data reported in the literature.