masoud moradi

Untreated canals represent the primary cause of treatment failure in molars and the second leading cause in other dental groups. This study determined the prevalence of untreated canals and their relationship with periapical periodontitis using cone -beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

385 CBCT images with at least one treated canal were selected from the oral and maxillofacial radiology center. The number of roots and canals, presence, and size of periapical pathology, and presence of untreated canals were recorded. The study used descriptive statistics and Chi -square, Fisher's exact, and odds ratio tests to analyze data.

Of the 2053 teeth examined, 14.9% had at least one untreated canal. Untreated canals in teeth increase the chance of having a periapical lesion, raising the prevalence by 11 times. Of these, 91.8% had both untreated canals and periapical lesions. This was more than teeth without untreated canals (35.8%). Most untreated canals were in maxillary molars (65.3%), and mandibular molars (12.54%). There was a statistically significant relationship (P<0.001) between the number of roots, canals, expansion, destruction, and jaw type with the prevalence of untreated canals. The maxillary first molar (68.66%) and second mesiobuccal (MB2 ) canal (63.27%) had the highest percentages of untreated canals.

The MB2 had the highest prevalence of untreated canals. The presence of untreated canals significantly increased the risk of expansion and/or destruction. Therefore, identifying these conditions can also be useful in diagnosing untreated canals .Dentists should assess the anatomy of the tooth and the structure of the root canal to minimize the possibility of an untreated canal. CBCT can assist in this process.

Infertility has been raised as a reproductive health problem all over the world. Based on the other studies the prevalence of infertility in different regions of the world is different, and its prevalence in Iran is higher than the global average. There are various methods for treating infertility, one of the most important of which is the IVF microinjection method, which is considered one of the last treatment methods for infertile couples. Because various factors play a role in the success of this treatment, many of which may not be known yet, so this study was conducted to investigate the paraclinical and demographic factors affecting infertility treatment by IVF microinjection method in the infertility treatment center of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari.

The data of this cross-sectional study were extracted using information from the files of infertile women who are being treated at the Infertility Treatment Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari. Information was collected on cases that were Iranian couples, married women whose diagnosis of infertility was definite, and the problem of infertility was related to the woman. Paraclinical and demographic factors affecting the success of infertility treatment by IVF microinjection method were investigated using a logistic regression model. First, using a univariate model, important variables were identified, and a multivariate model was fitted. SPSS21 software was used for data analysis.

64 people (19.9%) were successfully treated using the IVF microinjection method. Women who were successfully treated had a lower average age at the time of diagnosis of infertility than women who were not treated successfully (P= 0.015). Also, the treatment success rate in women who had a history of psychiatric diseases is higher than in women who did not have (P= 0.005). Also, less than one year after the diagnosis of infertility, an increase in the age of the woman at the time of diagnosis of infertility, reduces the chances of successful IVF microinjection treatment. The success rate of treatment for women who were treated for less than one year was 17/5% (13/3% - 22.4%), and for women who were treated for more than one year was 31.5% (20/3% - 44.6%).

The overall success rate of microinjection IVF treatment in this study was lower than in similar studies, although, in women who had been treated for less than one year, this rate was lower than in women who had been treated for more than one year. So, continuing infertility treatment by IVF microinjection method for a longer period after the start of treatment increases the chance of treatment success. A woman's age when infertility is diagnosed is one of the most important factors in the treatment of infertility, and the younger the infertility is diagnosed and the sooner treatments are started, the higher the chance of success in treatment and fertility. Therefore, early referral to a specialist can affect the success of the treatment. The success of treatment was higher in women with a history of psychiatric diseases than other women, which could be due to their insistence on treatment.

Antibiotics are increasingly recognized as emerging pollutants, posing significant environmental concerns upon entering ecosystems. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the oxidation of the antibiotic amoxicillin using the carbon quantum dots/persulfate process.

All experiments were conducted in a 250 mL glass container. The effects of various operating parameters, including reaction time, pH, amoxicillin concentration, persulfate concentration, and catalyst dose, were investigated under optimal conditions to assess their influence on the removal efficiency.

The results demonstrate that the carbon quantum dots/persulfate process exhibited the highest decomposition rate (kobs) of amoxicillin, with a rate constant of 0.0127 min-1. The optimal conditions for maximum antibiotic removal were found to be pH 5, a persulfate dose of 2 mM, and an amoxicillin concentration of 12.5 mg/L, resulting in a removal rate of 89% within 75 minutes. Furthermore, the mineralization rate was observed to be 33%.

The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy of the carbon quantum dot/persulfate process in oxidizing amoxicillin.

Hormones are chemical substances that can disrupt the processes and functions of the endocrine system in both humans and animals. The objective of this study is to examine the degradation of beta-estradiol 17 (E2) hormone through the ultrasound/ferrate process in aqueous solutions and the possibility of chloroform formation as a disinfection byproduct.

The experiments were conducted using a 250 mL glass container. An ultrasound device operating at frequencies between 24 kHz and 80 kHz, with a maximum power of 200 W, was used as the ultrasound source. Potassium ferrate was employed as the oxidizing agent. The effects of various operating parameters, including reaction time, pH, E2 hormone concentration, ferrate concentration, and ultrasound intensity, were evaluated. After the oxidation process, the sample underwent ultraviolet/chlorine radiation to examine the potential formation of chloroform as a disinfection byproduct.

The results indicate that the ferrate-ultrasound system exhibited the highest pollutant removal efficiency, followed by ultrasound and ferrate individually. Specifically, the rates of removal were 0.123 min-1 for the ferrate-ultrasound system, 0.103 min-1 for ultrasound, and 0.0076 min-1 for ferrate. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for E2 hormone removal were found to be pH 3, a ferrate dose of 200 mg/L, an ultrasound frequency intensity of 80 kHz, and an E2 hormone concentration of 100 mg/L, resulting in 100% removal. The study also found that the highest amount of chloroform formed was associated with the ultrasound, ferrate, and ferrate-ultrasound systems, respectively. Additionally, the potential for chloroform formation was higher in ultraviolet/chlorine conditions compared to chlorine alone.

The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy of the ultrasound-ferrate method in oxidizing E2 hormones and its potential to mitigate the formation of disinfection byproducts.

The study of soil temperature in different depths of soil is important in climatology, hydrology, agrometeorology and water resource management. Different depths has a different temporal and spatial soil temperature variation. It represents the regional ground temperature regime. Furthermore, due to its rapid response to environmental changes, soil temperature is one of the most important indicators of climate change. The increase in soil temperature because of global warming can promotes disasters such as drought by increasing the water demand of agricultural products during the plant growth period. The increase in soil temperature also have a various consequences, include increasing evaporation from the soil surface, soil salinity in susceptible areas, which can lead to a decrease in soil yield and failure in plant growth. Therefore, knowledge of soil temperature changes in different environments is very important in climate studies. The aim of the current research is to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of soil temperature at different depths from five to 30cm of the ground and to investigate the existence of any kind of increasing or decreasing trend at different climates of Iran.

Hourly soil temperature data (depths of 5, 10, 20 and 30 cm) were used in this research for the period of 1998-2017. The soil depth temperature is measured three times a day at 6:30 am, 12:30 pm, and 6:30 pm local time (3, 9, and 3 p.m. UTC). These data have been received for 150 synoptic stations of Iran on a daily basis from the Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO). IRIMO monitored the quality of soil temperature for data entry, data recording, and data reformatting errors. Data availability, discrepancies, errors, and outliers were identified during the second stage.At the first step, temporal coefficient of variation were calculated for available soil temperature time series from five to 30 cm depths of each station. For this purpose, the average of three daily measurements of soil temperature was calculated and then the temporal coefficient of variation was obtained. In the next step, trend analysis of soil temperature has been investigated using the non-parametric Mann-Kendal test. The trend slope was calculated using Sen’s slope for each station in seasonal time scale. Trend analysis has been done for all three observations of the day.

The studied stations show significant spatial patterns in the temporal variability of soil temperature. In all four investigated depths, from five to 30 cm, the northwest parts of Iran, and some parts of Zagros and Alborz mountain ranges have high temporal coefficient of variation. In contrast, the stations located on the southern coasts and southern islands had the lowest temporal variability. In warm and cold seasons (summer and late autumn to mid-winter), the spatial changes of soil temperature at different depths are lower than spring and early autumn. However, in the warm period of the year, the soil temperature experiences lower spatial variations at different depths. Spring and autumn seasons, as the transition period from cold to warm and warm to cold seasons, show the most spatial temperature variations in Iran. Detected trends do not have significant differences among the three observations of the day. Soil temperature Trend analysis at different depths showed positive values for two seasons of summer and winter over most of the stations throughout Iran. Extreme trends are more frequent in the summertime of Zagros and Alborz mountainous regions, while in the winter season the stations located at the southern latitudes of Iran have experienced the most positive trends. In the summer season, higher trends with 99% confidence are more frequent in the mountainous areas. These positive trends in soil temperature have occurred in all studied depths. The negative trend at different depths is a distinct feature of the autumn season, which is significantly more prevalent than other seasons throughout Iran. The analysis of soil temperature trends in different depths shows that values above 1 degree Celsius often occur in 5 to 20 cm deeps. The increasing trend of soil temperature in winter shows a greater spatial expansion, which is indicate increasing annual minimum soil temperatures and the increasing trend of Iran's soil temperature.

Background and Aims Decreased muscle strength due to aging can lead to neuromuscular disorders, increased risk of falling, decreased function in daily activities, and reduced independence in the elderly. The present study aims to investigate the effect of eight weeks of TRX suspension training on lower limb muscle strength, balance, mobility, and fear of falling in older men.Methods This is a quasi-experimental. Participants were 30 elderly men with a mean age of 67.9±4.3 years who were assigned into two groups of TRX (n=16) and control (n=14). In the pre-test phase, lower limb strength was measured by the 30-second chair stand test, functional balance by the Berg balance scale, functional mobility by the timed up & go test, and fear of falling by the falls efficacy scale -international. Then, the TRX group performed the functional training for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each for about one hour. After performing the exercises, post-test assessments were performed in two groups. To compare the groups, the analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used in SPSS software, version 19. The significance level was set at 0.05.Results The TRX functional training significantly improved lower limb strength, balance, and functional mobility of the elderly (P≤0.001); however, it had no significant effect on their fear of falling (P>0.05).Conclusion Given the positive effects of TRX functional training on lower limb strength, functional balance, and mobility of elderly men, it seems that this suspension training can be used to improve lower limb muscle strength, functional balance, and mobility of older men.

 A teacher's job stress is a teacher's experience of negative and unpleasant feelings such as discomfort, anxiety, depression, and anger that are caused by some aspects of a teacher's work, and has unpleasant consequences. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and social intelligence with job stress in teachers of Marivan County, Iran, in 2016.

 This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The population of this study was education teachers of Marivan County; using a sample size formula, 443 of them were randomly selected. Data collection tools were Osipow Job Stress Scale, Spiritual Intelligence Scale, and Social Intelligence Scale. The data were collected in autumn and winter and were analyzed using SPSS software.

 70.2% of the samples were men and the others were women. The mean of the teachers' job stress score was 165.43 ± 25.67 (total score of the questionnaire: 300). This score indicates that the occupational stress level of the samples is higher than the average. The mean score of spiritual intelligence of the teachers was 100.70 ± 11.63 out of 116, the total score of the questionnaire. Of the social intelligence total score (36), the mean score of social intelligence was 21.29 ± 4.72, which was higher than the average.

 The results of the study indicated that the occupational stress of teachers was higher than average, and this stress could have different reasons. Educational leaders and planners should look for reasons and factors that affect teachers' job stress.

In recent years, the fabrication of devices that can facilitate the difficulty of communication between deaf people and the general public and translate sign language has attracted interest from researchers. But problems such as low accuracy and calculation speed and the high cost of tools have hindered the commercialization of research. Another challenge in making a practical tool is the necessity of good performance of the methods in the perspective of training by leave-one-subject-out or in other words classifying the data of a new person. Therefore, in this article, an efficient method for detecting hand gestures with the purpose of sign language translation has been presented, so that while using a method with lower dimensions, better performance can be obtained in all kinds of training methods. In the proposed method, the features consisting of the mean absolute value, variance, root mean square, waveform length, kurtosis, and skewness have been extracted from the empirical wavelet transformation of the electromyogram and inertial signals. Then, by the ReliefF method, effective features have been selected and for the classification of hand gestures, a support vector machine classifier has been used. The accuracy percentages of the proposed method on the PSL database and DB2, DB3, DB5, and DB7 datasets of the NinaPro database, have been respectively obtained as follows: 99.31%, 97.11%, 96.58%, 96.12%, and 97.32% in the word-subject training approach, 99.78%, 97.22%, 95.46%, 97.23%, and 97.72% in the word-all-subject training approach, and 97.43%, 94.68%, 89.66%, 91.55%, and 94.81% in the leave-one-subject-out method.

Background &

Considering the role of choosing the appropriate educational method for the prevention of oral diseases and the prevalence of these problems among students, this study aimed to compare the effect of two training methods of lecture and Practical Show based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in promoting Oral health behaviors among students.
Materials &

This research was a semi-experimental intervention study. The studied population was 140 students (70 in each of the two intervention groups) sixth grade boys in the first secondary school of Marivan city in 2016, who were selected by simple random sampling. The educational intervention of both methods was presented in 8 sessions. The data collection tool was a demographic profile questionnaire and a standard questionnaire based on the health belief model and oral hygiene behaviors, which were completed in two stages before and two months after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 software and appropriate tests.

Speech intervention did not cause significant change in any of the constructs of health belief and behavior model (P>0.05), but intervention through practical demonstration caused significant change in perceived intensity and oral health behavior. Also, based on the Mann-Whitney test, there was no significant difference between the scores of the health belief model constructs and oral hygiene behavior in the two groups of lectures and practical demonstrations, before and after the intervention (P>0.05).

Due to the ineffectiveness of the lecture method and the low effectiveness of the practical demonstration method, it is suggested to conduct this study using other educational methods such as role playing and group discussion.

Over the past two decades, several ocean color satellites have operated in parallel. The combination of different ocean color satellite sensor products is a vital task for studying the biogeochemistry of seas. In this study, we evaluated the temporal consistency of the monthly time-series and monthly interannual variations of satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a) from four satellite sensors during 2002-2020 period over the Persian Gulf. Statistical correlation between Chl-a time series and anomalies from selected satellite sensors were significantly correlated for 84% area of the Persian Gulf. Correlations were reasonably sensitive to the choice of Chl-a retrieval and atmospheric correction algorithms. The standard algorithms for Chl-a retrieval showed the lowest value of correlations, and it was indicated that these algorithms were not suitable for Chl-a estimations from satellite sensors over the Persian Gulf. The OCI algorithm for Chl-a retrieval showed more consistency among different satellite sensors and it was shown that it is more suitable than previous ones for estimation of Chl-a from selected satellite sensors. Also, it was shown that the SeaDAS and POLYMER atmospheric correction algorithms have a great influence on the Chl-a estimations from selected satellite sensors. It was shown that more than 70% of the study area indicated imperfect consistency between selected atmospheric correction algorithms applied on different satellite sensors. Choosing the best atmospheric correction and Chl-a retrieval algorithms is the most important task in the estimation and utilization of Chl-a in the Persian Gulf.

Land surface temperature (LST) plays a key role in the transfer of heat to the atmosphere and to the subsurface layers of soil. This study aims at examining the determination coefficient of MODIS LST on air temperature and soil temperature at different depths of Iran. A new method was employed to create a time consistent LST from Terra and Aqua MODIS products, to eliminate the observation differences in local solar time. Preceding the production of time consistent MODIS LST for 12:30 PM, a comparison was carried out with temperature measurements of meteorological stations. The correlation of MODIS LST and Meteorological Station Measurement (hereafter MSM) demonstrate high values, especially for air temperature and 5cm-deep subsurface soil temperature (R2>0.95). The lowest value was obtained for 100cm-deep soil temperature (R2=0.83). The results of intra annual analysis revealed significant relationship between MODIS LST and MSM temperatures. In the comparison of MODIS LST with subsurface soil temperatures, the scatter plot changes from 1:1 to fusiform due to the delay in heat transfer from surface to the subsurface of soil layers. This result postulates that MODIS LST is consonant with MSM temperatures in arid and semiarid regions of Iran. Spatial variation of correlation is higher for 100cm-deep soil temperature (16%). On the contrary, for air temperature and 5cm-deep soil temperature showing the highest correlation, the spatial variation is negligible throughout Iran (6.2%). However, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) analysis revealed LST differences from 2.43 to 24.88 ˚C throughout Iran rather than MSM temperatures.

Candidemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy and those hospitalized with serious underlying diseases. Here, we investigated the epidemiological, clinical and mycological features of candiemia in Tehran, Iran.

A prospective observational study of all patients diagnosed with candidemia was performed at two referral teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran between February to December 2018. Demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, risk factors, clinical symptoms, and laboratory analyses of candidemic patients with positive culture were mined. Candida isolates were molecularly identified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). The antifungal susceptibility testing for fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin against the isolates were performed using CLSI broth microdilution reference method (M27-A3).

A total of 89 episodes were identified, with an incidence of 2.1 episodes/1000 admissions. The most common underlying disease was sepsis (48%) followed by malignancy (46%), renal failure/dialysis (44%), and hypertension (40%). The overall crude mortality was 47%. C. albicans (44%) was the most frequent causative agent followed by C. glabrata (21%), C. parapsilosis complex (15%), C. tropicalis (11%), and C. lusitaniae (3.5%). All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B. The activity of all the four azoles was low against non-albicans Candida species, especially C. tropicalis.

Increase in non-albicans Candida species with reduced susceptibility to antifungal drugs might be alarming in high-risk patients. Therefore, accurate knowledge of predisposing factors and epidemiological patterns in candidemia are effective steps for managing and decreasing the mortality rate in candidemia.

Ocean color satellite sensors provide the only long-term Essential Climate Variable (ECV) globally that targets Chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a) as the most important biological factor in the oceans. It is difficult to develop the long-term and consistent ocean color time-series for climate studies due to the differences in characteristics, atmospheric correction, Chl-a retrieval algorithms, and limited lifespans of individual satellite sensors. Therefore, the merged multi-sensor ocean color datasets were developed by merging data from different satellite sensor products. The performance of the commonly used single-sensor and multi-sensor merged ocean color datasets is a challenging issue over highly turbid coastal waters and dusty atmospheric conditions. In this study, we compared the common single-sensor [Sea-viewing Wide Field-ofview Sensor (SeaWiFS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), Visible Imager Radiometer (VIIRS), and Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI)], and merged multi-sensor [Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI), and GlobColour weighted average (GC-AVW) and Garver-SiegelMaritorena (GC-GSM)] Chl-a datasets over the Persian Gulf, known as optically complex and highly turbid water bodies in a dusty atmospheric condition. The results indicate that the OC-CCI dataset provides more spatial and temporal coverages than the other datasets. Temporal consistency between single-sensor and merged datasets was made in two different timespans during the common period of sensors and during the continuous lifespan intersection between individual two-paired of datasets. The statistical metrics were calculated to show the temporal consistency between Chl-a datasets during the common and continuous time periods. Correlation between OC-CCI and the other datasets showed that the relationships between datasets did not change significantly during the proposed time periods. Further, it was indicated that the OC-CCI product is more constant than the other single-sensor and merged products. It was shown that OC-CCI datasets were more consistent with MERIS and GC-GSM datasets, and SeaWiFS and GC-AVW were not significantly correlated to the other datasets. The results revealed that the single sensor products that use POLYMER atmospheric correction algorithm (e.g. MERIS), and merged multi-sensor product that performs the GSM blending algorithms (e.g. GC-GSM) are more consistent and stable than the other products over the study area.

With the development of IoT, the devices connected to this platform, can exchange data and share their data in social networks. Although this possibility provides advantage, but is has some security challenges like preserving privacy, confidentiality, accessibility, and data integrity in the social networks. In the existing studies, a type of encoding has been used for preserving security. In this paper for improving the security, we introduce a Markov process for describing a security attack model based on Markov transmission matrix. By applying the Markov transmission in blockchain infrastructure we will enhancing security in blockchain‐based social networks. A security threat is a random process. Therefore, we can modelled it as a Markov chain. First the proposed method is compared to SHA1, and results show that the complexity is improved 215% and 240% in terms of hash length, and internal state size, respectively. In this study, nine hash functions, including SHA, four families of SHA2, and four families of SHA3, including SHA3-512, SHA3-384, SHA3-256, and SHA3-224 are simulated ten times. The results indicate a security improvement of 206.59% of SHA3-512 compared to other functions.

The main purpose of this research is to design an innovative model of transformational leadership in secondary schools and to validate it.

The research method was qualitative from the data type of the foundation. The study population consisted of a selection of experts including university professors and principals of education who have gained valuable experience in transformational school leadership over the years. 30 samples were selected. Semi-structured interviews were used to achieve the research model. MaxQDA software was used to analyze the data and 10 Corbin and Strauss acceptance indicators were used to validate the model.

The results obtained from the interview texts were first open-coding, then the initial concepts were created by putting together the initial codes, and finally, by relating the concepts, the categories were drawn and the final model was obtained. This model was designed with the focus on designing the performance management system of secondary schools by specifying the causal conditions, strategy, background conditions, intervening conditions, and consequences. The validity of the model was also confirmed.

The results show that transformational leadership in secondary schools consists of 9 selected chapters consisting of facilitation in planning and training, human resource management and maintenance, innovation creation, supportive leadership, self-management, motivational leadership, organizational performance management system design, effectiveness, And their central strategy and central codes that are effective in forming the research model.

Heat waves and urban heat islands are phenomena that affect human life. The purpose of this study is to investigation the relationship between heat waves and urban heat islands in the Ahvaz metropolis from 2003 to 2018. For this purpose days with a temperature higher than +2 standard deviation ) and lasted at least 2 days, were identified as days with heat wave using the Fumiaki index, to investigate the effect of heat waves on the intensification of heat islands , heat islands for daytime and nighttime days with the heat wave and a normal day with the lowest maximum temperature as a day without heat wave, the occurrence of each heat wave was calculated using MODIS-AQUA data. According to the results, most of the heat waves in Ahvaz which occurred in March 2010, were at the end of the cold period. In terms of continuity, it was 7 days and long-term. findings also showed that in heat wave and no heat wave conditions, often formed on the day the cold island and at night the heat island, but in the heat wave conditions during the day the cold island it has been often more severe than normal days, and at night time the heat island is often more intense than normal day. In general, the occurrence of heat waves has an effect on the intensification of the thermal islands of Ahvaz in both hot and cold months. these conditions have been more noticeable in warm months than cold months.

Heatwaves are one of the most harmful weather hazards to humans and the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heat waves on the heat islands of Tabriz metropolis during the years 2003-2008. For this purpose, maximum temperature data of Tabriz Synoptic Station were obtained from the Meteorological Organization and days with heatwaves were determined using Fumiaki index and MATLAB software. To investigate the effect of heatwaves on the intensification of thermal islands, warm waves in the hot and cold months of the year are selected and thermal islands for those days and a day without heatwaves with the lowest maximum temperature before each heatwave during the day and night at Modis Aqua were calculated. According to the results, the maximum heatwave constant was 4 days and had an increasing trend. Its highest frequency was in 2010 and in April, June, and December. According to the findings, in both hot and cold months, the intensity of the cold island of the day is often weak in both heatwave and no heatwave conditions, and with the occurrence of heatwaves, sometimes even the heat island in the city center has been created. At night time, at the same time as the heat waves, the heat island is often more intense than on normal days. Wind speed and relative humidity were lower than normal conditions in hot months compared to cold months. In the cold months, the cold island is often intensified by the heatwave both during the day and at night, compared to the normal day, but the heat island is weaker.

Awareness of the trend of forest canopy density classification requires an operational exact model for forest crown classification. The preliminary challenge is the separation of the forest crown from other non-warlike vegetation coverings. In the following, previous attempts to improve the performance of the FCD model, in this study, by adding the FCC index and the kernel, improved the average performance of the FCD model. The crown classification of Hyrcanian forests based on images of 1396 Landsat 8 was selected for implementation, evaluation, validation and analysis of the results. Improving the accuracy of the model is entirely sensible and even manual interpretation confirm it. The statistical analysis of the results also indicates a 10% and 24% increase in overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the improved model compared to the initial model. Specifically, the accuracy of these two classes in the results of the improved model is about 13% and 7%, respectively.

Two numerical models of tsunami generation/propagation have been run in the Makran region. These models are one of the necessary components in the warning systems in this region. The outputs of these models are not in regular international data model standards. In order to get the best result from these models, the models’ outputs must be managed in a database system. An ideal data management system for tsunami warning system has three essential parts included: data convertor, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). The schematics and properties of the proposed data management system have been shown in this paper. 3D, spatial, temporal and statistical analysis of tsunami models data exported to the proposed system based on GIS capabilities and data processing routines. Some examples of data analysis of tsunami propagation in the Makran region (north of the Arabian Sea) have been shown.

Spiritual intelligence as the foundation of one's beliefs has a crucial role in different aspects of human life. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and academic achievement of students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, in 2016.

The population of this cross-sectional research was the students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The samples were 390 students from different colleges of university. The tool of study was spiritual intelligence questionnaire of Badie et al., including 29 items. The method of the study was stratified sampling with proportional allocation. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software.

The mean scores of understanding and communicating with the source of spiritual intelligence and spiritual life by relying on the inner sense of spiritual intelligence were 67.66 ± 8.32 and 49.62 ± 8.87, respectively. The findings of the research showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and academic achievement (r = -0.03, P = 0.71).

Organizing workshops and introducing the successful students with high level of spirituality and spiritual intelligence to encourage talented students is suggested.

In this study, a numerical third-generation wave model was performed to generate 10 years (2000-2010) of wave hindcast in the Persian Gulf. The modified wind field data of European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and bathymetry data were used as the input data to model. In situ measurements and satellite-derived wave height were performed for model calibration, and validation the results. The results show that the overall accuracy is more than 80% over the whole Persian Gulf. Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to handle all datasets through a user-friendly software which provides required tools for data visualization and manipulation. Data management was carried on using the integration of Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) and GIS components.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of continuous and interval aerobic exercises On Total Antioxidant Capacity Hippocampus and balance Parkinson's Model Rats. Twenty-four Wistar male rats (250-350 gr) were used in this study. Subjects were infected with reserpine to Parkinson's. Continuous and interval aerobic exercises were performed for 6 weeks. At the end of 6 weeks, , 5 sessions per week and 15 minutes, and 10 m / min at the first week, with training time of 40 minutes in the last week and 20 m / min in the training period. At the end of 6 weeks This exercise was performed in the periodic group in the first week in two stages in the second to fourth week in four stages and in the fifth and sixth week in six stages. the balance was measured using a rotarod test, and then the rats were killed by ketamine and xylazin. Then the tissue of the hippocampus was separated from other parts of the brain and the index Tom Antioxidant was measured. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance analysis and LSD post hoc test. The results of this study showed that 6 weeks of continuous and interval aerobic exercise improved the total antioxidant index (P≤0.00), and the balance (P≤0.00) of parkinsons rat. Also, there was no significant difference between the two training groups in the total antioxidant index (P≤0.46), but in the interval exercise equilibrium index, there was a significant difference between the two exercises (P≤0.00),Therefore, it can be concluded that these types of exercises can be used to Improve the hippocampal antioxidant system and balance of Parkinson's patients.

The aims of this study were to investigate the geographical distribution of mortality rates caused by cardiovascular diseases in Kurdistan province and to identify the high risk areas.

This ecological study was done using the data on mortality due to due to cardiovascular disease in Kurdistan province, Iran 2013-2015. To determine the standardized mortality rates and effective factors, Poisson model and negative binomial model were fitted to the data and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to identify the most efficient model. Data analysis was done in R software and the maps were drawn using Arc GIS10 software.

A total of 8596 (41.54% from total deaths in the province) death due to cardiovascular diseases was reported in 55.6% males (mean age: 69.1±20.8 years) and 44.2% females (mean age: 71.86±19.7 years). The overall mortality rate was 178 per hundred thousand. The death rate caused by cardiovascular diseases was not symmetric throughout Kurdistan province. However, the rate was higher in Southern areas. The negative binomial model showed mean age (RR=0.29, P>0.001), sex ratio (RR=25.02, P=0.02), number of emergency departments (RR>0.001, P>0.001), and literacy ratio (RR=0.9, P>0.001) to be significantly associated with mortality rates of cardiovascular disease.

According to current study, enhancing the awareness of people and suitable facilities in emergency services could considerably reduce mortality rates due to cardiovascular disease.

Academic achievement is considered as one of the main results of the educational system and focusing on factors affecting it is of great importance. The present study was performed with the aim to determine the relationship between handedness and academic achievement in high school students in Sanandaj City, Iran, in 2016.

This was a cross-sectional study the population of which included the high school students of Sanandaj and 2630 pupils were selected from among them. The study tool was the Annette's questionnaire. To measure the academic achievement, the average score of the first semester of the 2016-2017 school year of the students was used. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software and descriptive and statistical tests such as the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Among the samples, 7.7%, 87.4%, 4.9% were left handed, right handed, and of no handedness, respectively. The average score of handedness in the school children was 16.75 ± 11.99 out of 24. There was no relationship between academic achievement and handedness (P = 0.105).

The results suggested that other factors than handedness affect the success and academic achievement of the students.

 Health literacy is considered by policymakers as one of the important issues for improving the Health of the community. On the other hand، quality of life and efforts to promote it pay a significant role in individual and social health. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Health literacy and quality of life in staff members of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences.

this cross-sectional study was carried out on all of 205 staff members of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in2018. Using a census method، data were collected using HELIA and Life Quality Questionnaire (SF-12) and Health LITERACY Tool (HELIA). Then، using descriptive statics and Pearson correlation test، they were analyzed using spss version 21 software.

The results of this study showed that the average health literacy rate of the subjects was 130.16+ 17.16 and the quality of life mean score was 87.21+15.2 the most frequent source of information was healthcare professionals ، doctors and Internet .The analytical results of the study showed that there is no statistically significant relationship between gender ، age ، work experience and marital status with health literacy and quality of life) p>0.05(. But there was a significant relationship between education Level and health literacy and quality of life (p=0.001). There is also a significant relationship between the level of health and the quality of life. (p<0.0001)

Regarding the relationship between health literacy and quality of life dimensions، it is necessary to pay more attention to improving the health literacy of individuals (especially adults with inadequate literacy) in quality improvement programmers.