masoumeh bagheri

Traditionally, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTwP or DTaP) as pediatric vaccines are produced from the corresponding inactivated toxins or whole cell pathogenic bacteria of Corynebacterium diphtheria toxin (Tox), Clostridium tetani toxin (TetX) and Bordetella pertussis. There are major concerns in the classic or acellular DTP (DTaP) vaccine production processes from native live sources of bacteria as it may raise concerns on adverse effects and safety issues, complexity of the purifications for each agent as well as costs. Here, we designated recombinant multi-epitope candidate vaccine by vaccino-informatics study to address mentioned issues and to develop a single trivalent fusion protein as potent recombinant DTP vaccine. To follow these goals, stages of immune-bioinformatics were retrieved by means of proteinaceous toxins sequences, predicting secondary/tertiary structure and transmembrane topology, energy minimization and models validation. Then, conformational and linear B cell epitope prediction by several different servers, mapping consensus linear/discontinuous immunogenic regions and constructing synthetic fusion vaccine candidate in respect to optimal immunogenic, physico-chemical properties and highly expression in prokaryote host were achieved. Finally, reverse translation, codon optimization, addition of cloning tags for pet 28a vector and optimizations of physico-chemical characteristics of synthetic trivalent fusion protein were performed. By different hybrid immune-informatics and structural bioinformatics analysis predicted and experimental epitopes finally, 12 new consensus highly immunogenic linear and discontinuous epitopes in Tox, TetX and PTXa proteins were selected. Peptide sequence of these immunogenic regions were as follow; PTXA (AA34-64, AA184-256 and AA98-116), Tox (AA47-76, AA117-159, AA515-557 and AA245-265) and TetX (AA226-249, AA819-844, AA923-967, AA1009-1067 and AA1225-1315). Moreover, the characteristics of recombinant trivalent fusion construct were; 546 residue length, solvable (Grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) was -0.475), estimated half-life was >10 hours in Escherichia coli, pI 5.94 (a little acidic), stable protein (The instability index (II) 35.58) as well as thermal stable (Aliphatic index (AI) 71.67). The putative antigenic epitopes from different organisms in a single protein, as in the current study, possibly will improve the protective effectiveness as novel potent, safe, cheap and broad-spectrum vaccines for better prevention of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis infections in future.

In many countries, including America, Canada, South Africa, Brazil, Colombia, and certain European nations, firearm-related injuries are a significant contributor to the overall number of deaths (Dahlberg, 2004). The majority of these incidents occur in countries where civilian firearm possession is unrestricted (Singh, 2005). According to a report from the United Nations, South Africa has the second highest rate of firearm-related deaths globally (Sanaei, 2004). In contrast, Iran has relatively few reported firearm injuries with the most recent official statistics from 2014 indicating over one million illegal firearms and a similar number of authorized firearms in circulation.

This study employed an interpretive approach to explore and elucidate participants' experiences and interpretations of firearm use by using qualitative methods. Specifically, the foundational data theory method was utilized among various qualitative research methods to conduct and present the research. Criterion sampling was employed to select all cases that met specific researcher-defined criteria. The participants included senior experts from the police deputy of the governorate, social deputy of the governorate, senior experts of the governorate, individuals arrested in this field, senior experts of the police force, academic experts, and citizens of Khuzestan Province (Ahvaz, Abadan, Izeh, and Shadgan cities). In-depth interviews were the primary technique used for data collection. Data analysis followed the systematic approach of contextual theory, employing open, axial, and selective coding methods. Common validation techniques were utilized to ensure the scientific rigor and trustworthiness of the research.

The data analysis revealed various factors within the research model. Causal conditions encompassed the quality and lack of official supervision, civil disobedience, symbolic function of weapons, feelings of deprivation and discrimination, demonstrative use of weapons, tribal power dynamics, strategic planning weaknesses, and anomic conditions. Additionally, tribal prejudice, identity reevaluation, identity-driven use of weapons, and background conditions (economic determinants), such as poverty, unemployment, perceived economic pressure, economic-social base of users, easy access to weapons, and generation of income through unauthorized weapon sales were identified. The intervening conditions (cultural determinants) included the influence of nomadic culture, patriarchal cultural stagnation, weapons as symbols of nobility and leadership honor, low cultural capital of users, delayed ethnic customs and traditions, lack of family socialization, inactive cultural organizations, lack of free time, ethnic reference groups, belief in honoring local traditions, and value of using weapons. The proposed strategies involved the necessity of enacting laws, regulating licensed weapons, continuous monitoring of weapon licenses, citizen-centered monitoring, developing cultural strategies to replace weapons, enhancing the efficiency of laws in local conflict resolution, and utilizing local trustees' capacity. The participants highlighted the significant consequences, including heightened insecurity, negative evaluation of local governance performance by citizens, and reduced sense of belonging, all revolving around the core category of "unbalanced reproduction of ethnic traditions."

Special and infectious wastes are the most significant wastes generated in hospitals, health centers, and similar facilities. Reducing and recycling such wastes at the source pose significant challenges to waste management. Therefore, this study assesses the components of healthcare waste in terms of their recyclability, emphasizing different types of plastic.

Data collection involved sampling normal and infectious waste in selected hospitals over three months using monthly checklists. The total waste generated in these hospitals was analyzed on a daily basis. Moreover, the average microbial load of infectious waste was determined through microbial strip tests and biological tests following patient companion. Tests were performed with the acceptable performance of safe hospital devices with the destruction of microorganisms.

Average waste composition in the selected hospitals included 65-70% general waste and 30-35% infectious waste. The most common generated infectious waste was polyethylene (PE) sets (800 kg/month), while the predominant general waste was nylon bags for polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) packaging (520 kg/month). Hospital 1 had the highest per capita production of recyclable waste, generating 7,900 kg and 2,550 kg of normal and infectious waste per month, respectively. The total revenue generated from selling normal and infectious plastic waste was 1.4 and 0.2, respectively.

The mixing of waste can be prevented by properly segregating normal and infectious waste and adequate staff training. Given the escalating disposal costs of health-care waste (HCW) and the shrinking space in landfills, efforts to minimize waste generation are crucial for effective recycling and reuse processes.

Lifestyle is a coherent set of behaviors that is manifested in the form of consumption. During the last four decades, the lifestyle has undergone fundamental changes. The aim of the current research is to study the ethnographic changes in lifestyle (clothing and food) in the process of urban development in Izeh. The research methodology is based on interpretative paradigm. In this regard, in order to answer the research questions and objectives, the ethnographic method was chosen. In this regard, 23 informants who were selected by purposeful sampling were included in the study. The obtained data were analyzed through Grounded analysis and concepts, sub-categories and main categories were extracted. The findings of the research show that the spontaneous settlement of the nomads and the change of the natural ecosystem to the man-made ecosystem has brought about a change in the lifestyle of the residents in the study area. The change in the ecosystem gradually changed the arrangements for preparing food and the type of clothing, and urbanization as a man-made ecosystem has replaced the behavioral patterns of "individualism" and "consumerism" with the behavioral patterns of "collectivism" and "productivity". Qapu board of nomadic, the implementation of the provisions of the White Revolution, including land reforms, the sending of the Knowledge Corps to rural areas and the nationalization of forests and pastures led to the intensification of rural migrations, the increase of the city population and, consequently, the changes in lifestyle in the studied area.

The aim of the present study was to investigate ethnic subcultures (Arab and Bakhtiari) and the norms and popular beliefs that facilitate drug use in Khuzestan province.

The present research employed ethnography as the research method. The research statistical population consisted of experts and Bakhtiari and Arab families residing in the province. Thirty individuals from Bakhtiari and Arab families living in the province, along with ten experts, were selected using snowball sampling and the data saturation technique for the study. Data collection was conducted through in-depth semi-structured interviews, and data analysis was performed using thematic analysis method.

In this study, the driving forces behind substance use (local customs and traditions) and the enabling factors that support substance use (the normalization of substance use) were identified.

Family and school contexts significantly contribute to the onset and persistence of high-risk substance use behavior. It seems that therapists, researchers, and counselors can use the findings of the current research to reduce and prevent high-risk substance use behaviors.

Today, in the university system, knowledge sharing plays a key role in realizing organizational goals, especially knowledge creation and university entrepreneurship. Knowledge sharing behavior among academic activists is facilitated by effective training and dynamic socialization. The main purpose of the current research is to study the effect of the academic socialization process on knowledge sharing among graduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The research method is a survey and in order to collect information from the technique the questionnaire was used. The statistical population of the research includes 6114 graduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, from which 362 people were selected using Cochran's formula with a simple random sampling method. The results of the research analysis show: The average of knowledge sharing among graduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz is 42.29 and it is moderate to low, also, a significant relationship was observed between the variable of academic socialization and its dimensions with knowledge sharing. The results of the regression analysis showed that the variables of academic encouragement, student-teacher interaction and scientific participation explain 48% of the changes in the dependent variable. By comparing the beta coefficients, it can be said that the dimension of scientific encouragement of academic socialization with a beta coefficient of 0.388 has the greatest effect and the dimension of student-to-student interaction with a beta coefficient of  0.106 has the least effect on knowledge sharing.

Nowadays, poverty is one of the most important issues in human societies. The prevalence of poverty in society challenges the development process in economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions.. Poverty in urban areas, like other phenomena, is affected by various factors. In this study, using the qualitative method and Grounded Theory Strategy, the roots and consequences of poverty in urban areas of Khuzestan province (Ahvaz and Abadan) have been investigated. The participants of the present study were 46 key people including university experts, senior experts of executive bodies (provincial experts, experts of Ahwaz Facilitation Office, social experts of Ahwaz and Abadan governorates), individuals and families living in urban areas of Ahwaz and Abadan. The present study used interview technique to collect data and purposive sampling method to select cases. The interview continued until the theoretical saturation stage was reached. Findings showed that categories such as weak work culture and the normalization of poverty, unemployment and economic stagnation, poor support for the marginalized, weak psychological capital, lack of empowerment of marginalized people, lack of meritocracy, Asymmetric distribution of resources and feelings of discrimination and inequality, inefficiency in urban management, economic and administrative corruption, the weak demand culture of the people and the weakness of adopting a scientific approach in policy-making have all contributed to poverty. According to the results of the research, the outburst of the feeling of being deprived of capabilities was revealed as a central category from the text of the interviews.According to the findings of the research, it can be said that paying attention to strategies such as 1. Promoting work culture in the society, 2. Investing in acute and critical areas and supporting investors, 3. Paying attention to skill training in poor areas, etccan play an important role in combating poverty.

Identifying the values and beliefs of spouses about married life and interpersonal relationships plays an important role in revealing the backgrounds of the instability of married life. The aim  of this study was to analyze the facilitators of marital instability and its consequences in Ilam city. This qualitative research was carried out in the framework of grounded theory and in order to identify and understand the causal processes of the formation of marital instability from the point of view of experts (including university experts, dispute resolution council experts and family court judges) in Ilam city. has taken. In this study, 20 participants were selected by theoretical and purposive sampling methods. The desired data were collected and analyzed based on in-depth interviews. The emerging model includes three dimensions of conditions, actions-interactions, and consequences. The "Conditions" dimension includes superficial knowledge, moral and behavioral deviation, the coercive approach of couples, weak problem-solving skills, and spouses' disharmony" dimension of "action-interactions" includes the role of silence and tolerance, feelings of inferiority and confrontation, violence and revenge and tendency to Divorce, the "consequences" dimension, includes intensification of feelings of inferiority and frustration, transformation and inefficiency of family values, identity crisis, and moral insecurity. Therefore, it has been proposed to establish and strengthen cultural centers, improve patterns of marital skills, and strengthen the monitoring and treatment of counseling centers to reduce marital instability.

In this study, the Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), a single-stranded RNA virus, was investigated in honey bee colonies, which had a history of mortality, population decline, and parasitic diseases. Samples (adult honey bees) were collected from 328 apiaries from three provinces (Tehran, Alborz, and Mazandaran) of Iran to detect IAPV. After sample preparation, RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized to perform the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method using a PCR primer pair, and a 185 bp fragment was amplified. The results showed that out of 328 samples, 103 (31.4%) samples were positive, which were from Mazandaran (14.33%), Tehran (8.84%), and Alborz (8.23%) provinces. Subsequently, some of the positive samples were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was drawn. The phylogenetic tree showed that the virus isolates were divided into two distinct groups, including one group that had a high similarity to the European acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and one group that had a high similarity to the Kashmir bee virus. In addition, the sequences of the samples in three regions were separated in a node from the strains of ABPV from Eastern Europe. Since the length of the branch between the Iranian sequences and the different strains of ABPV from Eastern Europe was short, it can be assumed that the sequences from Iran have a common ancestor with the mentioned strains of ABPV from Eastern Europe.

The main purpose of this study is a qualitative study of women's lived experiences of social norms and early marriage in Khuzestan province. The participants of the present study are 24 women who had early marriages in different parts of Khuzestan province. In this research, snowball sampling method has been used to select the items. Their experiences were collected and rewritten through in-depth semi-structured interviews and sentences and phrases were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. In this study, after extracting important sentences and words from the text of the interviews, 452 initial codes were extracted, which were placed in 14 main axes according to the purpose and question of the research. Also, to confirm and validate the findings, the method of reviewing and monitoring the participants, the researcher's self-review in the process of collecting and analyzing data and recording all their mental assumptions beforehand and not considering them in the process of analyzing, reviewing and re-coding interviews were used by two other researchers. . The findings of the study indicate that the lived experience of women was revealed in fourteen themes.

This study examines the study of religiosity with environmental responsibility in the Islamic Republic of Iran using a meta-analysis approach. To investigate the relationship between religiosity and environmental responsibility, theories of Weber, Benson, and White, as well as the mentioned verses and hadiths, have been used. The statistical population of the study included master's, and doctoral dissertations and articles related to religiosity and Environmental responsibility. A total of 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis process using purposive non-random sampling. The effect size coefficient was evaluated using CMA2 software. The results show that the effect size of religiosity studies with Environmental responsibility is equal to 0.301, which is interpreted as moderate according to Cohen's criterion. The results of the study also show that since the time of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the relationship between religiosity and Environmental responsibility is increasing and this shows that religiosity is one of the most important variables related to Environmental responsibility in It is the Islamic Republic of Iran and shows the importance of religiosity in the occurrence of environmental protection behaviors among members of society. Also, the results of this study have shown religiosity among the researchers that have been done in the cities of the country in comparison with the research that has been done in the centers of the provinces or the city of Tehran. Has shown a greater relationship with Environmental responsibility, which shows that the variable of the geographical location of the research as a modifier variable is effective in this regard.

The current research was conducted with the objective of qualitative analysis of the role of empowering women in controlling social harms with grounded theory method in order to provide an effective local model. The population studied in the current research is the women of Borujerd city, and 30 people were selected as a sample through purposeful sampling until theoretical saturation. The method of data collection, in-depth interview, and the method of data analysis was grounded theory. The results of the research showed that, as a result of "sustainable empowerment", women have adopted the "situation control" strategy, which is influenced by two groups of factors including contextual conditions (individual contextual variables, paternal family contextual variables , socio-economic base and physical disability) and intervening conditions (psychological characteristics of the individual, support of the family institution, interaction with the capable model, their structures and interactions, multi-dimensional, long-term, research-oriented policy making and justice-oriented in the field of women and the unity of responsible organizations) and the consequences of adopting the aforementioned strategy including controlling social harms at three macro levels (research and theorizing, design and law-making), middle level (education and culture) creation, implementation and operationalization, evaluation and modification) and micro level (self-other care and safety and self-empowerment and other-empowerment).

 With the transition from pre-modern to modern and post-industrial society, the development of an entrepreneurial ecosystem to create jobs and sustainable development has attracted the attention of thinkers and experts. The entrepreneurial ecosystem provides a creative environment for entrepreneurs and innovators. The development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem depends on identifying the barriers and challenges in this field from the perspective of experts. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to identify barriers and challenges to the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Khuzestan province. The research method is qualitative. The participants of the present study are 37 entrepreneurs, managers of knowledge-based companies, and professors of economics, management, and sociology in Khuzestan province, which has been selected by purposive sampling method with saturation rule and maximum diversity. Interview findings showed that categories such as weakness of strategic and entrepreneurial leadership, psychological capital crisis, demographic and contextual factors, social capital erosion, bureaucratic and disabling organizational structure, economic recession and instability, awareness gap, and insufficient education, Economy is a single product of barriers and challenges of entrepreneurial ecosystem development in Khuzestan province. Also, from the text of the interview findings, the state habitus was revealed as the central category.

This research has investigated the studies of religiosity and political culture in the Islamic Republic of Iran using a meta-analysis approach. The statistical population of the research includes master's theses, doctorate, and articles related to religiosity and political culture, of which 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis process using a non-random purposeful sampling method. Effect size coefficient was evaluated using CMA2 software. The results have shown that the effect size of religiosity studies with political culture is equal to 0.454, which is interpreted as moderate but upward based on Cohen's criterion. The results of the research have also shown that as time passes since the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the relationship between religiosity and political culture is increasing, which shows the variable importance of religiosity in increasing political culture in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Another result of this research is the moderating role of the geographical area of the research.. Therefore, taking into account the social conditions of the Iranian society and the studies that have been conducted in this field, political culture as a political phenomenon is influenced by various factors, including the religiosity of citizens, so this factor interacts with other factors in the society on the political culture of individuals. Society has an effect.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect pathogen associated molecular patterns and activate innate and adaptive immune system. Coronaviruses can be detected via TLRs through their biological materials such as ribonucleic acids, glycoproteins and CpG motifs. During COVID-19 pandemic, different strategies have been used for combating SARS-CoV-2 to initiate a proper and balanced immune response through TLRs or other PRRS. Understanding the trigerred TLR signaling pathways during coronavirus infections would assist to understand the control and defense mechanisms against these viral diseases. In this review, we summarize different studies on the use and function of of TLRs and their signaling pathways as vaccines/adjuvants or therapeutic agents against coronavirus infections. Since the pandemic is ongoing and there still many unknowns with respect to COVID-19 immunology, we highlight the role of TLRs and their agonists/antagonists in previous coronavirus infections, and show their potential role in the current SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology.

The spread of corona virus is an unprecedented challenge in the human world. Corona crisis, first of all, suspended the current and normal routines of life and stopped the interpersonal relations of human beings and social institutions. The lack of accurate knowledge of this virus and its consequences in the human world has led to a complex situation and the possibility of its continuation has given us the idea of an uncertain future. The epidemic has been so rapid that social, economic, educational, and political institutions have not been able to properly deal with the new phenomenon; it has been an issue that has caused confusion among them. Under such circumstances, suspension of the society in an epidemic, or more precisely a pandemic, has led to a situation that has shocked all aspects and infrastructures of social life. Thus, serious rethinking in all aspects of individual and social life is required. Undoubtedly, one of the large groups that have experienced very different conditions during this period has been the group of "housewives". "She is a woman, who does housework," says Anne Oakley in her definition of a housewife. The combination of "woman" and "home" in one phrase creates a connection between femininity, marriage, and family residence. Therefore, the role of a housewife is a family or rather a female role. She also has an internship role. A study of domestic work is necessarily a study of women’s status and roles. Such a multiple and at the same time personal role may seem to negate the conventional definitions of the word "role". In a woman's social image, her role as a wife and mother is inseparable from that of a housewife. Housekeeping is a manifestation of the division of labor by gender, according to which men and women are expected to engage only in a specific category of work that is predetermined and not discrete at the individual level. In this division, women are considered responsible for household chores and raising children, which involve a low-income job. As a result, they are financially dependent on men and do not have access to their own money. Accordingly, the present study sought to answer the following questions based on the data analysis of the dimensions of this process of change and transformation: 1) What challenges have housewives faced with the outbreak of coronavirus disease?; 2) What strategies have they taken in facing the challenges and what factors have influenced their strategies?; 3) What are the consequences of the strategies they have adopted? 

The research method was based on the Grounded Theory (GT) considering its qualitative nature. In this method, the concepts and categories are extracted from interviews and presented in a paradigm model during the 3 stages of open, central, and selective coding. In the present study, the open coding stage was followed until the discovery of the main classes after transcribing each interview into text. This research was conducted on the population of housewives aged over 20 years in Boroujerd City in 2022. 

In response to the question of what challenges the housewives had faced with the outbreak of coronavirus disease, the results showed that they had been forced to play several simultaneous roles at home and under the banner of role more frequently than before due to the causal conditions resulted from this outbreak. In other words, they had faced a challenge called "increasing role multiplicity", which revealed the subject under study as the central phenomenon during the process of coding and analysis. The causal conditions that had given rise to the phenomenon of "increasing role multiplicity" included the mechanisms of prevention (housewife), care (mother), assistance (spouse), education (teacher and student), treatment (nurse), and telecommuting (employee). 2) In response to the second question, the actors had adopted the action of "changing the role of housewife" as a result of the phenomenon of "increasing role multiplicity". This change was in the form of one of the three types of housekeeping as monitoring, a challenge, and a compromise. The concept of "housewife" means a strategy through a monitoring method. In this research, the housewives were found to have tried to fulfill all the plans with all-round management at the same time as multiplicity correctly and with the least conflict. The concept of "housewife" referred to the reaction of a group of housewives, who had not been able to cope well with the challenges posed by the outbreak of coronavirus and as a result, this challenging situation had caused many tensions and conflicts for the households. They had  a family of their own, but had not only been unable to manage the situation, but also had difficulty in performing their previous roles and thus felt a double burden. The concept of "housewife" also referred to the reaction of housewives, who had tried to overcome the problems caused by the outbreak of the mentioned disease with the cooperation and assistance of other family members. Although this group of women was not as empowered as the group of housewives, it was not helpless as the latter group, thus being involved in the middle situation. They had tried to manage the already changed affairs of home and family to some extent by asking for help from other family members. Two groups of conditions had influenced the types of strategies adopted by the actors: a) The underlying condition that was seemingly unrelated to the strategies but acted as a platform for their adoption based on the prevalence rate of coronavirus disease. This condition was influenced by the demographic characteristics of age, education, marital status, occupation, number, sex, children’s age and education, spouse’s occupation, and family income and expenses; and b) Interventional condition that acted as a mediator and facilitated or limited strategy adoption. This condition included the psychological characteristics of gender socialization, cyber skills, social support, and government support (empowerment).
3) In response to what consequences resulted from the strategies they had adopted, we should say that the actors had experienced different consequences depending on what kinds of strategies they had adopted. For example, those who had adopted the role of housewife as monitoring and adaptive strategies had seen a positive outcome called "gender empowerment," which included increased self-confidence in the individual dimension and group dynamics and prevalence control in the collective dimension. However, the actors who had adopted housekeeping as a challenge (house-to-house) strategy had experienced the negative consequences of "gender disability", which included psychological stress and depression in the individual dimension and family tension in the collective dimension.

graphene is a two-dimensional nanostructure consist of a single layer of SP2 carbon atoms that arranged by covalent bonds in a hexagonal bee web. The reinforcement by GO is due to functional groups that lead to strong interaction, dispersion and stress distribution. Due to lower mechanical properties and strength of PEMA than PMMA, we evaluate effect of GO on mechanical properties of PEMA.

In this invitro-exprimental study, flexural strength, elastic modulus, Knoop micro hardness and SEM examination of 30 acrylic sample with dimensions 2(width)×2(height)×2(length) in 3 groups was evaluated.

The maximum mean Knoop micro hardness was related to 0.25%wt GO and the lowest value was related to 0.5%wt GO groups. The mean flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the control group were higher.

GO can increase micro hardness of PEMA in low value, thus the use of GO can be recommended to improve mechanical properties of PEMA. GO did not increase elastic modulus and flexural strength.

Man always seeks to invent ways to beautify and make his body look good, and by making changes in his body, he seeks to satisfy the natural, spiritual, and social need for beauty, which in the current era is one of the examples of encroachment. In the body, it is considered for beautification. Humans attempt to build a social body by manipulating the physical and visible features of the body and distancing themselves from the concept of the natural bod. The present research was carried out following a sociological study on the tendency to cosmetic surgery among women in Ahvaz city. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the theories of Goffman, Turner, Giddens, Featherstone, Baudrillard, Douglas, Veblen and Bourdieu and the feminist approach. The present research was conducted using a survey method and using a questionnaire tool, the statistical population of which includes women aged 18 to 60 living in the city of Ahvaz, and a stratified sampling method was used. The sample size after calculation using Cochran's formula is 384 people. The data were analyzed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics, and SPSS and Lisrel statistical software were used to process the information, and for the sociological study of the factors affecting cosmetic surgery, Pearson's test was used to measure the research hypotheses. Finally, we used multiple regression to explain the dependent variable with independent variables. The research results showed that the variables of body perception 87%, social acceptance of the body 70%, level of religiosity 71%, social pressures 81%, self-confidence 89%, media-cultural consumption 65% and socio-economic base 73% and age have a significant relationship with cosmetic surgery, but a significant difference was observed between marriage, education and income. Also, the results of the research hypotheses and the structural model showed that the independent variables of the research (60%) explained the percentage of the variance of the dependent variable (cosmetic surgery).

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute highly contagious viral disease in susceptible cloven-hoofed animals, which causes extensive economic loss in livestock industry. Recently, diagnostic methods have been developed to detect antibodies against non-structural proteins of this virus. Non-structural proteins 3ABC and 3D that provide linear B cells epitopes allow effective detection of virus-infected animals. In this study, immuno-dominant epitopes of 3ABD proteins were considered for the synthesis of a new gene sequence and assembling of 3AB and 3D fragments.

Overlap extension-polymerase chain reaction (OE-PCR) was used to synthesize 3ABD antigenic sequences. Viral RNA was isolate from BHK-infected cells and reverse transcribed. In order to remove 654 nucleotides of the middle 3C genomic sequence, a pair of internal primers with 29 overlapping nucleotides and two external primers were designed. The 3AB and 3D fragments were each amplified in separate PCR reactions and purified from the gel after electrophoresis. These fragments were used as templates in a one-step OE-PCR for the synthesis of 3ABD sequence by external primers and Pfu DNA polymerase.

The results showed amplification of 3AB (418 bp) and 3D (557 bp) fragments with overlapping sequences at the end of 3' and 5', respectively. The OE-PCR experiment resulted in amplification of multiple fragments, and the 3ABD fragment with the desired length (946 bp) was confirmed after sequencing. Only by considering 29 homologous nucleotides in the design of overlapping primers and a high-fidelity, highly accurate DNA polymerase, two epitopic regions of non-structural proteins of FMD virus (3'-3AB and 5'-3D) were linked together.

The new gene sequence synthesized by a one-step OE-PCR technique has the antigenic sites of 3ABD non-structural proteins of FMD virus, obviates the need for expensive peptide synthesis, and can be a proper alternative for production of 3ABD recombinant protein for application in detection of FMD by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

The main purpose of this study is to identify strategies to increase the production of cooperatives in Khuzestan province during the corona outbreak. In this research, with regard to the research topic, the qualitative method and interpretive structural modeling approach have been used. The participants of the present study were 45 key informants in Khuzestan province in 2020. In the present study, semi-structured interview technique was used to collect data and purposive sampling was used to select cases. The results of the present study showed that in the period of corona outbreak, the production status of production cooperatives in Khuzestan province is moderate for the majority of interviewees (56.6%). The results of structural analysis using Mick Mac software showed that from the perspective of experts, the most important strategies to increase the production of cooperatives in Khuzestan province in the pavilion period of Covid 19 include 1. Correct understanding of market and customer needs 3. Teaching cooperatives new production and sales methods 3. Strategic planning in cooperatives 4. Use of new sales and marketing methods 5. Supply chain efficiency 6. Home business development 7. Government support for production and business environment 8. Business flexibility and innovation in production program 9. Working capital management 10. Trust and belief in the capabilities of cooperatives 11. Paying attention to the comparative advantages in forming a cooperative 12. Advertising and gaining customer trust Production activities, its maintenance and promotion 14. Cooperation and cooperation between departments 15. Comprehensive maintenance and promotion of human resources in production units 16. Acting on the approvals of the Facilitation and Corona headquarters.

The present study is review of effect one ofe the most key of social sciences concepts as social capital on meaningful life within employee of fajr petrochemical company in 1399. With due attention to statistical society of this study that were 574 number through Cochran formula 230 nuumber with classification sampling method as statistical sampling was selected. Data of this study through written questionnaire (195 number) and electronic questionnaire (35 number) was selected. Theorical frame of study was used from theories of victor frankl, Irvin yalom, john cottingham, and for explainaton some meaningful relations within variables from structural gap theory, pierre Bourdieu and Putnam was used. For analyzeing of information through T-test, variance analyze, correlation and multivariable regression and with SPSS software (version 24) was done. Result of this study showed that three components of inner group of social capital with meaningful life have significant correlation and intensity of this correlation consequently is middle, weak and weak. Two components extra group of social capital with meaningful life didn’t observe any significant correlation. Analyzes of multivariable regression with step by step and backward methods was display that weigh of variable of participation and social cooperation, various links and various life style is negligible and from regression is omitted. Finally in total 12 percent of variance of dependent variable with 2 variable social trust and attachment and empathy are explained.

According to the Shahnameh, the Iranians faced foreign countries from the time of Fereydoun's reign onwards. From this legendary period of the first kings to Yazdegerd III, they encountered other nations apart from the Turanians, having had to communicate verbally with them. The Shahnameh sometimes mentions a person called "Tajomān", who is assigned to translate words of two sides for each other. However, some dictionaries refer the "Tajomān" as an Arabicized word of the Persian "Tarzaban" or "Tarzafan". In the Middle Iranian languages, this term has been written as “Tarkumān” or “Targumān” as seen in the Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian writings. The presence of this term in Iranian texts from the early Sassanid to the Ferdowsi era, covering a millennium period, represents a career with a history and a word of long usage. Regarding its Aramaic origin, it can be noted that during the Achaemenid era, the term was entered into languages of countries under the authority of Achaemenids by Aramaic secretaries, and then found way into the works of Zoroastrians and Manicheans through the Middle Persian, Parthian, and Sogdian languages. After the spread of Islam, this word used in Persian texts such as the Shahnameh.

Scorpion sting is one of the serious and major medical problems in the world. Shiraz is a tourist city and one of the high-risk areas where a number of scorpion sting occurs annually.
The present research aimed to conduct an epidemiological study of scorpion sting in Shiraz County.
The is a cross-sectional study  performed using a checklists to collect data about scorpionism in Shiraz health center during 2014-2018.
The results of the study showed that the total number of scorpion stings was 844 cases. generally, 336  cases (39.8%) were female and 508 s (59.3%) male. The results from the residential area revealed that 817 cases (96.8%) were urban and 27 (3.1%) were rural. The highest frequency of scorpionism happened in the 25-34 years old group (286,33.8%) and after that 15-24 year old (165,19.4%), 35-44 year old (157, 18.6%), 45-54 year old (108, 12.7%) groups, and the least  frequency awas seen in the 0-4 year old group. The time periods between the sting and injection of anti-venom were less than 6 hours for 822, (85.5%) of cases, 6–12 hours for 101, (11.9%) of cases and, more than 12 hours for 21 (2.4%)  cases. A total of 844 cases were recovered; 690 (81.7%) of them recovered with anti-venom and 154 (18.2%) injured individuals recovered without any anti-venom, the sting site was 27.6% in the foot, 57% in the hand, and 20% in the head and trunk.
Shiraz is a major tourist city, and most cases of scorpion-sting occur in summer and spring, when the tourist population is high, so health care providers must carry out an integrated program in those months.

Citizenship is one of the most controversial concepts in modern times. Citizenship awareness means knowing citizens about the duties of government and municipality towards citizens and striving to fulfill their rights and enforce their duties, allowing the individual to intervene consciously in their own destiny, leading to the realization of their rights and a better life for themselves and other members. It becomes a community. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sociological impact of mass media on citizenship awareness. This study utilized an applied navigation method. The population of the study consisted of all students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019. 374 students were selected by stratified proportional sampling method. Findings show that students are aware of the level of citizenship awareness and are moderately high among the variables such as satellite, internet, mobile, virtual social networking, socioeconomic status, age, degree and degree. There was a significant relationship between education with the dependent variable of citizenship awareness, and no relationship was found between variables of radio, television use, and study of books, newspapers and magazines, cinema and theater, marriage and ethnicity with gender variable of citizenship awareness; and there is a significant difference in citizenship awareness. Regression results show that these variables predict 16.2% of the changes related to the dependent variable.

Sandflies are the vectors of at least eight different diseases, the most important of which is cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). CL is a major public health problem in Iran, with annual cases increasing to more than 20,000 in 2019. Fars Province has the second-highest number of cases with more than 3000 cases in 2019 in Iran. This study aimed to survey the fauna and different species of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Fars Province, southwest Iran.  

This is a cross-sectional study. Sandflies were collected in urban and rural regions using the sticky-traps method, and then they were cleared and fixed in puris medium and identified using the pictorial key.  

 A total of 1071 of sandflies were collected. The dominant species consisted of 5 species of Phlebotomus (Ph. papatasi 55.4%, Ph. alexandri 17.4%, Ph.sergenti 5.6%, Ph. caucasicus 1.4%, Ph. ansari 0.46% and 6 species of Sergentomyia (Ser. sintoni 10.8%, Ser. antennata 5.4%, Ser. tiberiadis 1.4%, Ser. tobbi 1%, Ser. baghdadis 0.5%, and Ser. halepensis 0.09%.  

This investigation showed that Ph. papatasi was the most prevalent species playing a crucial role in the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Fars Province. Species of Ph. papatasi and Ph. sergenti are the main vectors of CL in Iran. The healthcare system must take steps to control cutaneous leishmaniasis, raise awareness of the disease, and apply effective ways to prevent it.