masoumeh shokri-khoubestani

In recent years, researchers have paid increasing attention to the concept of resilience against disasters. Natural disasters, which are part of the human life and increase in number and diversity every day, have been raised as a fundamental challenge to achieving sustainable development of human societies. The aim of this study was to predict the social resilience of citizens against natural disasters based on religious attitudes with the mediating role of corona anxie ty .

Methods :

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of method of implementation. The statistical population of this study included all citizens of 15th district of Tehran in 2021. From the present statistical populatio n, a sample size of 380 people was selected by stratified random sampling method based on Morgan’s table. Data were collected using the George Religious Attitude Questionnaire, the Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire and the Alipour’s Corona Anxie ty Scale. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, regression, and path analysis. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests .

The results of data analysis showed that religious attitude can predict the positive and safe emotions of citizens and control negative effects. It was also found that corona anxiety could play a mediating role in predicting citizens' social resilience to natural disaste rs based on religious attitudes .

It can be stated that to promote citizens’ social resilience to disasters, in addition to paying attention to the religious attitude of individuals, experts and thinkers should use programs to reduce anxiety .

Due to the occurrence of dry season and exploitation of water resources for higher agricultural yields, the groundwater level in the Zanjan plain has subsided. The lowered of water level of aquifer have reduced the efficiency of wells and paralleled with water quality degradation. The underground structure of aquifer was destroyed and the quality of water resources contains more salt than fresh waters.

In order to survey on the salinity of water in this region, data from 45 sampling wells (1384-1394) has been used. In the first step by collecting valid information about the chemical quality of related aquifer, investigation on fluctuation trends of ions concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, HCO3, Cl, SO4, from 1384 to 1394has been conducted. Then, pH and EC have been surveyed for ten years (1384-1394) to determine the general chemical quality of region groundwater. Finally, fluctuation trends of elements and water salinity have been plotted on descriptive diagrams, piper, statistical models, and other plans. In this study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The data of this study demonstrated that average concentrations of sulfate and chloride are2.3 and 1.1meq/lit respectively. The concentration of these ions in water samples indicated the desirable quality of groundwater at present. However, if the current trend regarding the subsiding of groundwater level in the Zanjan plain, we could face a decrease in water quality and an increase in salinity in the coming years.

According to the results of the study, it can be said that the increasing trend in the concentrations of salts in the water and the declining trend of the output of the wells could reduce the chemical quality of water in near future

Considering the increase in the elderly population of the country, it is essential to pay attention to different aspects of their health including their spiritual health and the factors affecting it. The present study is an attempt to achieve a comprehensive outlook of the status of spiritual health in the Iranian elderly and the influential factors in this regard.

This is a systematic review and search. At the end of July, 2019, English and Persian articles were searched and read on the PubMed, Google Scholar, Iranian journals database, Jahad Daneshgahi Database Center, and Noormags using the keywords ‘elderly’, ‘spiritual well-being’, ‘elderly’, ‘older people’, ‘older adult’, ‘aged’, ‘senior’, ‘Iran’, and ‘spiritual health’. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 34 related articles were included in the study. The authors reported no conflicts of interest in the present study.

Out of the articles included in the study, 17 articles had examined the relationship between spiritual health and psychological factors, seven studies had described the status of spiritual health, four had examined the relationship between spiritual health and the quality of life and three studies had studied the relationship between successful old age, prayers and blood sugar control. Three studies were interventional examining the effect of telling memories, spiritual care and spiritual intervention on spiritual health of the elderly. Furthermore, in more than 90% of the studies, Palotzin and Ellison’s Spiritual Health questionnaire had been used for assessing spiritual health and in most of the studies the spiritual health score has been evaluated as medium.

Based on the findings, it can be stated that promoting spiritual health in the elderly can be effective in improving their mental health, quality of life and sense of satisfaction in life. The results related to the relationship between demographic features and spiritual health were paradoxical in some cases. Therefore, there is a need to develop and use a more appropriate instrument well-suited to this age group and the Iranian-Islamic culture for evaluating and assessing spiritual health in the elderly.

Self-control plays a significant role in physical and spiritual health. Studies have shown that spiritual attitudes and religious teachings play a role in promoting self-control. The purpose of this study was to determine the components of self-control construct in Shiite youth.

Based on the purpose of the study, i.e. determining the self-control construct, and based on criterion-oriented studies in this regard, in the present study, qualitative approach was applied with grounded theory method for collecting data. The participants were 32 youths whose self-control was evaluated using a semi-structured interview. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The findings of this study showed that self-control construct in Shiite youth has four main components and fourteen subcomponents: 1) Attitude (belief in the benefits of avoidance, belief in harms of committing, attention to the emotions involved in the problem, problem solving, self-esteem); 2) self-motivation ability (the benefits of avoiding, paying attention to the damage done, paying attention to the emotions involved in the problem, and positive self-assertion); 3) the ability to control oneself and the environment (the ability to control attention, the ability to control impulse, the ability to control the environment, the active conditioning, socializing with good friends); and 4) adaptability, self-awareness, problem solving ability, flexibility, acceptance of excitement and behavior management, secondary positive evaluation.

By comparing the results of the presents study with the text-based studies such as the one by Rafi’ee Honar, who considers the self-control construct as self-monitoring, target recognition, motivation, excitement control, cognitive control and persistent control, it can be found that the model developed in the present study makes the psychological self-control constructs more clear and, consequently, provides a more appropriate ground for developing self-control scales of the Shiite youth and appropriate psychological training programs for promoting self-control.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.

As far as medical science is concerned, abortion is classified into four categories: spontaneous, induced, traumatic, and criminal. In spite of increase in the quantity and quality of contraceptive techniques and the rising level of public awareness of this issue, unwanted pregnancy is still a problem. When women face unwanted pregnancy, they might resort to criminal abortion.
This is a descriptive research study. Researcher-made questionnaires were given to women with a history of abortion in the last 10 years, referring to health centers selected by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. 369 subjects were randomly selected. The results were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS(Version 17).
The results of the study indicated that 26% of women were aged 26, and the educational level of 41.8% of them was diploma at the time of abortion. Financial and family problems accounted for 20% and 15% of abortions respectively, and were the most prevalent factors. Spouses were the most influential encouraging factor in about 50% of the units under investigation. 29% and 17.5% of abortions were committed at 8th and 7th weeks of pregnancy respectively. 42.4% of individuals considered abortion as a religiously prohibited action and only 4.3% women having abortion did pay for their child’s blood money. and viral diseases accounted for the reasons of abortion by 19.5 percent and 3.6 percent of women respectively. As for encouragement for abortion, the frequency distribution of the subjects revealed that 55.3 percent of women had abortion at the suggestion of their husbands and 0.3 percent did it due to their working conditions and because of others. The results of the study show that only 4.3 percent of women having abortion did pay for their child’s blood money.
Abortion is a controversial issue, which can be considered as a social or jurisprudence-associated issue; thus, it is necessary to take it into serious consideration in the Iranian-Islamic society. Results of this study indicated the financial problem as the most prevalent factor and spouse’s opinion as the most encouraging factor. Additionally, individuals had a frail attitude and ideology towards abortion.