masoumeh varzandeh

Sex estimation is an essential part of forensic identification. This study was conducted on the Iranian people to determine pelvic bones anthropometric characteristics. Radiography of 180 pelvic bones (90 males and 90 females) was studied. We measured the height of ilium, inter-acetabular distance, acetabular diameter, the greatest breadth of the pelvis, breadth of pelvic inlet, and the presence of the beaklike bony extension in both sexes. We found a significant difference between men and women regarding their mean height of ilium, acetabular diameter, inter-acetabular distance, breadth of the pelvic inlet in all studied X-rays. The highest accuracy for sex estimation was related to the height of ilium (77%). The prevalence of the beaklike bony extension was 43% in the studied population, 70% in males and 18% in females. When human skeletal remains containing pelvic bones are available, standard radiographic images along with other findings can be helpful in predicting the sex.

Breastfeeding is an important principle in pediatric¬ health. It decreases their mortality and protect them from diseases in the first sixth months of life. It`s necessary to investigate the decreasing causes of exclusive Breastfeeding. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional survey was about 320 mothers who had babies within one year old. They`ve gone to consulting centers for lactation in Kerman city. Information gathered by a questionnaire. It consisted of demographic information of mother and child, start time of Breastfeeding, age of starting, type of

The findings showed that just 1.6% of babies have had exclusive Breastfeeding until end of the first 6 months.60.3% of mothers have started complementary feeding for their babies under one month old. Average of Starting age was p=1.98±1.5. The most common type was Formula (99.7 %). The most important reason for complementary feeding was inadequate milk of mothers (92.7%), 72.1% was due to doctor`s recommendations. 68.5% of mothers believed that child crying was due to their milk insufficiency. There was a statistically significant relation between type of labor and starting age of complementary feeding (P = 0.016).

The most important factor in early interruption of exclusive Breastfeeding was wrong belief of mothers. They didn`t know mother`s milk adequacy symptoms and the other reason was doctor`s suggestions.