فهرست مطالب masumeh hemmati maslak pak

University students, as part of the youth of the society, are not safe from various psychological and social harms and are sometimes exposed to substance abuse. Stress, as a psychological phenomenon, plays a role in the occurrence of mental disorders, including drug abuse disorders. Coping methods should be used to reduce mental pressure and create adaptation. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the relationship between drug abuse tendency and coping strategies in students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study, students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences were selected using random sampling. Demographic questionnaires, addiction tendency questionnaire and Lazarus and Folkman coping skills questionnaire were completed by 390 students. SPSS version 20 software was used for data analysis. The research data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson test.

The mean score of students' tendency towards materials was 33.8±5 and the mean score of coping styles was 105.19±2.39. Pearson's test showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the tendency to drugs addiction in students and the coping method focused on solving the problem (P=0.793). However, this test showed a statistically significant relationship between the tendency to drugs addiction in students with the emotion-focused coping method (P=0.013; r=0.126).

The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between drug addiction in medical students and coping method focused on emotion. Therefore, the university authorities should include in their work plan the provision of a suitable platform for teaching students appropriate coping methods.

Successful aging is one of the most important concepts in gerontology and is a process in which a person adjusts him/herself to adapt to the changes caused by aging and be independent. Based on a review of related literature, it seems that spiritual health and social participation can be considered as important predictors of successful aging. The present study aimed to determine the power of spiritual health and social participation in predicting successful aging among the elderly living in nursing homes.

This is a analytical cross-sectional study, in which a total of 181 elderly people living in nursing homes were recruited using stratified sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, multidimensional questionnaire of successful aging, JAREL Spiritual Well-Being Scale (JSWBS), and Social Participation Questionnaire (SPQ).

The overall mean scores of successful aging, spiritual well-being, and social participation were shown to be 139.38 ± 34.14, 78.63 ± 19.21, and 42.09 ± 13.57, respectively. Based on the results of multivariate regression analysis, spiritual well-being and social participation predicted 62.5% of the variance of the overall successful aging score (ADJ.R2 = 0.625, R2 = 0.63, R = 0.793).

The results showed that the mean score of successful aging increases as the mean scores of spiritual well-being and social participation increase.

Hospitalization of a premature infant immediately after the birth is unavoidable and due to the need for special care is very stressful. Failure to pay attention to the emotional and psychological stress of mothers has caused insufficient attachment to their babies, which increases the vulnerability of the mothers of these babies. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of the implementation of supportive-educational intervention on the stress of mothers of premature babies hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit.

This is a semi-experimental study, and 70 mothers of premature infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Maragheh Shahid Beheshti hospital were selected and allocated to two intervention and control groups of 35 infants. The parental stress questionnaire was completed before and after the intervention. The intervention group received the educational support program during 6 sessions. After collecting the data, it was analyzed by SPSS version 16 software using descriptive and analytical statistics.

Before the supportive-educational intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean stress score of the two groups (p=0.09). After the intervention, the stress decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group, which was statistically significant. (p<0.0001). Regarding the dimensions of stress, the mean score of the relationship with the baby and the role of the mother, the stressful factors of the ward environment and the appearance, and behavior of the baby between the two intervention and control groups after the implementation of the supportive-educational intervention, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001).

The supportive educational program reduced stress on the mothers. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare providers and nurses in the neonatal ward included supportive-educational intervention in their work priorities.

Therapeutic communication is a central element of the nurse-patient interaction in providing quality care to cancer patients. The present study aimed to evaluate effective characteristics of Iranian oncology nurses in their therapeutic communication that might determine the nature of nurses’ communication patients with cancer.

This was a qualitative study performed with a conventional content analysis method in 2020. The participants included 18 nurses working in oncology wards of educational and medical centers in northwestern Iran, selected by purposive sampling. In addition, data were collected using semi-structured interviews.

The qualitative data analysis led to the extraction effective characteristics of oncology nurses encompassed related of inner views and beliefs, family upbringing regarding therapeutic communication and personality characteristics. This is based on caringparticipatory attitude, empathy, trust, mutual respect. Inner satisfaction (Nurse’s and patient satisfaction), improved positive mutual approach (patient comfort and satisfaction with patient’s good feeling) positive outcomes of therapeutic communication nurses with cancer patients were.

The establishment of effective therapeutic communication with cancer patients requires a change in the philosophy and attitude of nurses toward the potential skills of this area. In addition, nurses must have self-awareness of the importance of therapeutic communication in the improvement of patient quality care and consequences. Moreover, they should receive proper education in this area to meet their needs and encourage holistic and patient-centered approaches in these individuals.

Colonoscopy is performed in order to examine the gastrointestinal tract. It can be used to evaluate the patients who suffer from certain medical conditions including chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology, occult bleeding, and anemia. The first essential step in performing an effective colonoscopy is adequate bowel preparation.

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that involved 180 patients who underwent colonoscopy and were referred to the colonoscopy unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. It was conducted in a three-month period of time. The samples of the study were selected randomly. The demographic information questionnaire and the Boston preparation scale were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software.

The quality of the patients’ bowel preparation was assessed based on the Boston bowel preparation scale. The obtained results showed that 26.1% of the subjects had inadequate bowel preparation. Moreover, based on the results of the study, the lowest frequency of referral to hospital for colonoscopy was related to the weight loss. On the other hand, the highest frequency of these referrals was related to positive occult blood test. Furthermore, the analysis of the results showed that the mean bowel preparation score in all of the samples was 6.4 with a standard deviation of 2.61. Finally, the left colon had the highest mean preparation score (2.33) and the right colon had the lowest mean preparation score (1.86).

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that bowel preparation is affected by various factors that influence the quality and the results of colonoscopy, cause misdiagnosis, and increase the treatment costs for the patients and health system. Therefore, considering the importance of the issue, educating patients, and using up-to-date knowledge about the patients’ bowel preparation can play an important role in the provision of solutions to these problems.

Stroke can lead to post-stroke depression, which has severe negative effects on the quality of life of the patients. Post-stroke depression and quality of life may have interactions with each other. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of home care education to caregivers on depression and quality of life in stroke patients in Imam Khomeini educational and treatment center, Urmia, 2019-2020.

The present study is a clinical trial in which a pre-test and post-test design with a control and test group was used. The sample size was 66 eligible patients who were randomly divided into two equal groups of intervention and control. The demographic information form of patients and their caregivers was completed by reviewing the records and interviews, and all the subjectsunderwent a pre-test to assess depression and quality of life using the Beck Depression Inventory (Second Edition) and the stroke-specific quality of life questionnaire. The intervention included conducting home care training for caregivers in four 60-minute sessions, once a week by the researcher at the patientschr('39') home by face-to-face method, with discussions and questions. Post-test was performed one month after the intervention in the intervention and control groups to assess depression and quality of life using previous questionnaires.

The findings showed that before the intervention, the two groups did not have a statistically significant difference (p = 0.981), but after the intervention, the two groups had a statistically significant difference in depression scores. In the intervention group, depression score decreased from 39.45 before the intervention to 22.52 after the intervention (p <0.001), while in the control group, this trend was almost unchanged and constant. The results also showed that before the intervention the two groups did not have a statistically significant difference in the quality of life score (p = 0.471) but the two groups had a statistically significant difference after the intervention in quality of life scores. The quality of life score in the intervention group increased from 118.58 before the intervention to the 183.97 after the intervention (p <0.001), while this trend remained almost unchanged in the control group.

Based on the findings of the present study, home care training for caregivers is effective in reducing depression and improving the quality of life in stroke patients.

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders among nursing home residents. Nursing models are among the therapies with potential effects on depression.

This study aimed to determine the effects of a care plan based on the Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM) on depression among nursing home residents.

This quasi‑experimental study was conducted on sixty older adults selected from four nursing homes in Urmia, Iran. Participants were randomly allocated to a control and an intervention group. A care plan based on the RAM was designed and implemented for participants in the intervention group. The plan included individualized and group educations based on participants’ maladaptive behaviors in the four modes of the RAM. During the intervention, participants’ maladaptive behaviors and their stimuli were determined and measures were taken for their management. The intervention lasted for 1.5 months, followed by a 1‑month supervision. Before and after the intervention, depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Data were analyzed through the independent‑ and the paired‑sample t and the Chi‑square tests.

The pretest and the posttest mean scores of depression were 5.78 ± 3.51 and 6.11 ± 3.64 in the control group and 6.81 ± 3.64 and 2.86 ± 2.50 in the intervention group. The between‑group difference respecting the pretest mean scores of depression was not statistically significant (P = 0.21), whereas the posttest mean score of depression in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group (P < 0.001). Although the mean score of depression in the control group did not significantly change (P = 0.32), it significantly decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.001).

The care plan developed in this study based on the RAM is effective in significantly reducing depression among nursing home residents. Therefore, it can be used for depression management in nursing homes.

Patients with diabetes face a variety of physical and psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, disability, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity, which ultimately lead to decreased happiness and quality of life. While in positive thinking training, people are encouraged to recognize their strengths in life and their potential abilities through their positive and good experiences, and to their role in increasing and promoting self-esteem and self-esteem and improvement. They have become more aware of their lives and have considered happiness to be the main subject of positivist psychology. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the Effect of Positive Thinking Skills Training on Self-efficacy and Clinical Tests of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Mahabad, Iran in 2020.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with available sampling method that was performed on 60 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Mahabad who were eligible to participate in the study in 2016. Samples were entered into the study by convenience sampling, and then were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 intervention and control. In the intervention group, positive thinking skills training sessions based on the content extracted from the sources and books of positive psychology as well as consultation with professors and specialists in the field of positive psychology with an eight-session structure of each Two sessions per week and each session was performed in 60-45 minutes. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaire and perceived self-efficacy questionnaire of patients with type 2 diabetes and were assessed as pre-test and post-test using SPSS-22 software and significance level was less than 0.05. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square.

 The results of independent t-test showed that before the implementation of positive thinking skills training, the mean score of self-efficacy was not significantly different between the control and intervention groups (p = 0.681). But after the implementation of positive thinking skills training, there was a significant difference between the mean score of management self-efficacy between the two groups (p = 0.0001). The results of paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of patientschr('39') self-efficacy before and after the intervention within the control group (p = 0.555). But there was a significant difference between patientschr('39') self-efficacy scores before and after the intervention within the intervention group (p = 0.001). Also, the results of paired t-test showed that before and after the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride and glycosylated hemoglobin within the intervention and control groups (p <0.05).

 Positive thinking skills training has a positive effect on self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes, so it is recommended to use this method to increase self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide, and a lack of proper management can result in serious consequences for patients. Adherence to treatment can have a significant effect in preventing the consequences. This study was carried out to determine the effect of family-centered education on treatment adherence in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Urmia Diabetes Association in 2019. Sixty patients with T1DM were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly allocated into intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Demographic Questionnaire and Modanloo Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire (MATQ) were used to collect data. The patients in the control group only received the routine educations of the Urmia Diabetes Association. However, the patients in the intervention group received these routine educations along with 12 family-centered educational sessions. Data were analyzed with SPSS software ver. 20, using descriptive and inferential statistics.

There was a significant difference between the mean score for treatment adherence of the two groups after the intervention (p<0.001). The mean score of treatment adherence significantly increased in the intervention group after family-centered education.

Family-centered education can positively affect adherence to treatment in patients. Hence, educating and empowering patients with T1DM and their families can significantly reduce the negative consequences of disease and medical costs, and it also improves their quality of life.

Among nurses, sleep quality is an important factor which can be associated with many other factors, including job satisfaction, Morning‑Evening (ME) chronotypes, and shift schedule. Besides, poor sleep quality can cause some problems for nurses and negatively affect the quality of nursing care. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the predictive power of sleep quality by ME chronotypes, job satisfaction, and shift schedule in nurses working in Urmia teaching hospitals in 2019.

A total of 327 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences were recruited using stratified sampling. Data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), and the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). Data were analyzed using linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient.

The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis showed that the ME chronotypes (R</em>2 = 0.51, p </em>= 0.006), job satisfaction (R</em>2 = 0.51, p </em>= 0.001), and shift schedule (R</em>2 = 0.51, p </em>= 0.005) are significantly correlated with the sleep quality among nurses.

We concluded that the sleep quality was correlated with ME chronotypes, job satisfaction, and shift schedule, so that increased job satisfaction was associated with improved sleep quality, and the shift to the morning chronotype was associated with decreased sleep quality. Rotating shifts were also associated with higher sleep quality.

Due to the prevalence of mortality due to complications of diabetes, this disease has focused on the health system.The family as the most basic pillar of society is responsible for the proper care of the patient with diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of family-based care on adherence to treatment in type 2 diabetic patients.

In quasi-experimental study number of 80 patients with type II diabetes and one of his family members selected by convenience sampling method and randomly was allocated to intervention and control groups. Before the study, adherence to treatment was assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire and laboratory values before and 3 months after intervention. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square test.

After implementing the family-based care program, increased mean scores for patient adherence to treatment in the intervention group compared to the control group, this increase was statistically significant (p=0/0001).The results showed a decrease in the mean of fasting blood sugar, random blood glucose, and hemoglobin glycosylated levels in the intervention group compared than the control group this decrease was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).

Family-based care has been able to increase adherence to treatment and reduce fasting blood sugar, random blood glucose, and hemoglobin glycosylated levels. Therefore, it is recommended to provide this model care for patients with diabetes.

Colonoscopy is the most important diagnostic and therapeutic method for colorectal diseases. Patients' satisfaction with such aggressive procedures is an important criterion for assessing the quality of health care. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of compilation education through video tutorials and visual aids on satisfaction in patients undergoing colonoscopy.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 180 outpatient colonoscopy candidates referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in 2018. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method and they were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. Training videos and educational charts on colonoscopy before colonoscopy and on colonoscopy day were screened for the candidates of the colonoscopy, and the additional information and patient questions were provided. Patients' satisfaction after intervention was assessed by GHAA-9 questionnaire. SPSS software version 16 was utilized and descriptive and inferential methods were used for data analysis.

The mean score of satisfaction was 46.07 ± 5.03 in the intervention group and 24.72 ± 7.94 in the control group. The independent t-test results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention (p <0.0001).

The combination of education through educational videos and video cards significantly increased patient satisfaction, therefore the colonoscopy unit staff are recommended to improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction by using such methods.

Chronic renal failure has a progressive nature and there is always a need for a person to care for them. A caregiver, who is usually a patient's family member, may face many problems during the care process, which ultimately causes burnout. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of psycho-educational intervention on the caregiver burden of patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study was a clinical trial that carry out on 105 caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis. The burnout questionnaire of Zarit was completed by the participants. The Caregivers were allocated randomly in two groups of intervention (discussion, workshops) and control. Two weeks after the completion of 6 sessions of the group discussion and 4 sessions of the workshop, caregiver burdon questionnaire of Zarit was completed again. Data was analyzed by using version 16 of spss software and parametric and non-parametric tests. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the three groups before intervention in the mean scores of burden (p=0.423). However, after the intervention there was significant difference in the mean scores of burden between intervention groups with control group (p<0.001). Tukey post hoc test showed no significant difference between the two intervention groups in the mean scores of burden (P=0.204). The results of this study can be found that training classes such as group discussion had a significant reduction in the severity of caregiver burden. Therefore, it is recommended that in the health system planning attend to the role of family members in the treatment of these patients also benefit from this training method.

Nursing students whose future nurses, are the largest provider of health services and will have a critical role in health care. Therefore, with regard to the profession's importance and social status, Nurses, along with clinical competencies, should have ethical competencies to provide appropriate and professional care. Therefore the present study was conducted to determine the effect of teaching professional ethics through case-based method on moral sensitivity of nursing students at Urmia nursing and midwifery faculty in 2016. In this clinical trial study, 73 nursing students who had not passed the ethic course were recruited to the study through the census method. Using a table of random numbers, participants were randomly assigned to a 37‑person CBL group and a 36‑person lecture group. Using the Lutzen moral sensitivity questionnaire a pre-test was performed of both groups before the intervention. Ethics education was done in both groups for two months and a half. Educational contents were the same in both groups and the only difference was the type of educational method. One month after the intervention, the moral sensitivity questionnaire was completed again by the two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 (v. 16.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical software, independent t-test, paired t-test and Chi-square test. No statistically significant difference was found between the intervention and the control groups regarding the pretest mean score of moral sensitivity (p = 0.22), But after the intervention, the mean score of moral sensitivity in the case-based group were significantly increased compared to the lecture group (p = 0.04). A case-based approach to ethics education is more effective than the routine method in promoting nursing students’ moral sensitivity and promoting moral sensitivity is a major contributor to providing better nursing care. It is, therefore, recommended that this method be used while imparting professional ethics education

Lifestyle affects the health of the individual, and also adopting an unhealthy lifestyle can lead to various diseases, including hypertension. In this way, this study aimed to determine the effect of group discussion based on healthy lifestyle on hypertension control.
In the current randomized controlled trial, 50 patients of Urmia Clinical-Educational Center of Sayyed-Al Shohadain (Iran) were selected conveniently; they were then randomly allocated into two groups: the control and experimental groups. Before and two months after intervention in both groups, blood pressure was measured and recorded using mercury manometer. In the experimental group, 12 sessions of group discussion were conducted on healthy lifestyle. Relatively, data analysis was performed by using t-test and chi square tests.
Two groups of control and experimental were homogeneous for demographic variables (p>0.05). Before the intervention, no significant difference in mean scores of diastolic and systolic blood pressure was found between the control and the experimental groups (p>0.05). t Noticeably, after the intervention, the mean of diastolic and systolic blood pressure scores between intervention and control groups was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).
Group discussion based on healthy life style could reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Therefore, it is recommended that this method can be used to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

Drug mistakes are a potentially hazardous event for patient safety, especially in children, which requires special attention from care providers due to the high level of damage. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of e-learning on drug student's knowledge, attitude and practice in nursing students in the pediatric units in 2016.
Material & In this quasi-experimental study, 40 nursing students from the 8th nursing and midwifery faculty of Urmia were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Then, the first two groups received no intervention but the other two groups received e-learning for 3 weeks before the clinical education. From both groups, pre-test and post-test were performed by a researcher-made questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge and attitude about the prevention of drug errors. A researcher-made checklist was used to determine the level of performance. Validity and reliability of the tools were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21.
The samples were matched according to the variables of age, sex, pharmacology score and total mean. Before the training, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean score of knowledge and attitude (P>0.05), but after the intervention, the attitude was positive in the intervention group and the level of knowledge was good, with the average of the scores of the variables in the test group increased significantly (P The findings of this study emphasize on the necessity of planning and regular implementation of drug eradication prevention programs to maintain and improve the health of the children.

Heart failure is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders and as a chronic, progressive and debilitating disorder that causes deterioration of the physical, personal and social relationships, ability to perform duties, economic and livelihood problems and finally, decrease in quality of life. For solving these problems, nursing intervention such as new patient education methods are needed. This study was carried out to assess the effect of self -care program model based on Orem’s pattern on the quality of life in patients with heart failure.
In the present clinical trial which, 60 patients with heart failure admitted in Seyedolshohada Urmia hospitals were selected by using accessible-sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients as the experimental and control groups. Data collection included educational evaluate needs forms of Orem-based model and MacNew quality-of-life questionnaire was evaluated before and three months after implementing the self-care program. Data were analyzed via chi-square, independent t-tests, ANCOVA and Man witney U analysis.
the total mean of quality of life reached in the experimental, and control groups from 92.83±5.35 to 101.13±7.89, and from 89.73±8.48 to 89.72±5.69, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups after intervention in all aspects of quality of life including the physical, psychological and social dimension and this results demonstrator increase total mean of quality of life in the experimental groups (p=0.000).
In regards of Implementing Orem’s self-care model positive influence on improving quality of life of the heart failure patients, nurses and other healthcare providers are suggested to reinforce self-care spirit in these patients, according to the nursing theories and health care programs, to improve quality of life of heart failure patients.

Kidney transplant recipients need self-management during their lifetime, and training these patients is essential for the realization of self-management. Teach-back training (TBT) was used to receive, understand, and retain information. This study aimed to determine the effect of TBT on self-management in kidney transplant recipients.
In this clinical trial study, 84 kidney transplant recipients who referred to the clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia (a city in northwest of Iran), from January to March 2017, were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, educational content was presented for each patient with TBT in 5 sessions of 60 minutes. Data were collected before and after the intervention by a special Self-Management Questionnaire for Kidney Transplant Recipients in five areas as follows: self-monitoring, self-care behavior in daily living, early detecting and coping with abnormalities after kidney transplantation, stress management and the category of non-categorized area. This is a valid and reliable questionnaire (α=0.76). Collected data were analyzed by independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20 and P≤0.05 was considered as significant.
Independent t-test showed that the mean of self-management score between the control and intervention groups was not statistically significant before the intervention (P=0.90). The mean score of self-management increased after implementation of TBT in the intervention group compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001).
The implementation of TBT method is effective in promoting self-management of kidney transplant recipients. Therefore, it is recommended that this method should be used to train the patients to better understand the components of self-management.

Renal transplantation is one of the main treatments for patients with end stage renal disease. Although transplant can lead to a better quality of life, long term survival and reduce costs, but not free from of complications. Due to the promotion of quality of life and awareness of complications and self-care these patients is special important, Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the effect of family-centered empowerment model on the quality of life of the kidney transplantation patients reffered to the the Urmia Imam Khomeini University hospital in 2016.
Material & This research is a quesi-experimental study in two groups of experimental and control that accomplished on 60 kidney transplant patients and 60 active member of family met the inclusion criteria reffered to the Urmia Imam Khomeini University hospital transplantation center in 2016. After sampling by purposive, subjects (60 patients) were randomly assigned to experimental (30 patients and 30 active member of family) and control (30 patients and 30 active member of family) group. The research tools were demographic and kidney transplant questionnaires (KTQ25).For experimental group, family-centered empowerment model was implemented with four dimensions of perceived threat, problem solving, educational partnership and evaluation, and control group were care by the kidney transplant part usual care. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistic with SPSS version 20.
The mean total score of quality of life in experimental group before intervention was (3.97±1.05) and after intervention was (5.80±0.77) that was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Independent t-test revealed that there was statistically significant difference between the mean total score of quality of life in between experimental and control group after intervention (p In general, performing family-centered empowerment model is effective on quality of life promotion self-efficacy, in kidney transplant patients.

Family-centered education of patients with diabetes mellitus can play an important role in controlling the disease and reducing its complications.
The present study aims to determine the effect of family-based telephone follow-up about self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Uromia.
The present clinical trial study investigated 60 patients with diabetes. These 60 patients were randomly enrolled and divided into control (n = 30) and intervention (n = 30) groups. The intervention group received family-centered follow-up for three months. The data collection tool was demographic, the diabetes self-care questionnaire was completed through in-person interviews before and after intervention in both groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square, T-test, and Mann-Whitney test).
The results of this study showed that after the family-based telephone follow-up, the mean self-care scores and the dimensions (nutrition, physical activity, blood glucose control, foot care, and self-care) were significantly different between the intervention and control groups (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of adherence to the medication regimen after the intervention between the two groups.
Family-oriented follow-up by a nurse can have important effects on self-care and its dimensions (nutrition, physical activity, blood glucose control, and foot care) in patients with diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses follow up and educate the family members of patients to participate in diabetes care.

Ventilator associated pneumonia account for about a third of all nosocomial infections, nurses have a key role in the prevention of pneumonia associated with ventilator. This study aimed to assess the effects of education based clinical guidelines on function of nurses in the prevention of Ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Material & In this quasi-experimental study in which the post-test was conducted with intervention and control groups, 60 nurses working in the special section of Imam Khomeini and Taleghani hospitals were enrolled in an accessible manner.. In the intervention group (30 Imam Khomeini hospital nurse), educating nurses by putting up posters in all patients was above the bed, as well as pamphlets and booklets were given to nurses. Also holding four training sessions with practical display at the top of a patient's bed to take care of ventilated patients were ventilator. Tools for data collection, was check list with 32 items and 6 care domains. Function of nurses in two groups in the end of study, morning shift in each dimension was evaluated using check list. To analyze the data, chi-square and t tests were used.
Results of this study showed that the mean scores of nurses’ function was in the control group 20.20±2.36 and in the intervention group 25.56 ± 2.02 and independent t-test results showed significant difference between the control and intervention groups. (p =0.001). These findings suggest that the relatively good performance of nurses in the control group 7/96 percent and 3.3 percent had a poor performance in the intervention group, whereas 3/53 7/46% of the performance of favorable and relatively favorable performance in the prevention of pneumonia related to the ventilator.
The results of this study showed that nurses after the intervention compared to the control group had significant improvement, so educating nurses, and to provide feedback to them in the form of posters and pamphlets in the critical care units is necessary.

For the treatment of chronic kidney disease, two methods of hemodialysis and kidney transplant have the greatest clinical application. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages and can have a significant impact on self-esteem of person. Comparison of self-esteem in kidney transplant recipients and patients undergoing hemodialysis provides valuable information about the status of these patients and changes in the mental status and at the top of them in self-esteem of these people. Therefore this study aimed to compare the self-esteem of patients undergoing hemodialysis with kidney transplant recipients in Academic centers in Urmia 2016.
In this descriptive- analytical study, 174 patients including 86 patients undergoing hemodialysis and 88 patients with kidney transplant were selected with available method in 1395 and filled out the Demographic questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, Then data collected and analyzed by SPSS v22 with the independent t test and Pearson and chi square tests.
The result of independent t-test showed statistically significant difference in Self-esteem mean scores in kidney transplant recipients compared to patients undergoing hemodialysis So that the self-esteem of patients undergoing hemodialysis were significantly lower than the kidney transplant recipients(P=0.0001).
According to the findings of this study can be concluded that, the self-esteem of the kidney transplant recipients is better than patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, patients undergoing hemodialysis requires more support in the psychological and psychological and knowledge dimensions and it can be with enhancement of informing about kidney transplantation and the positive effects of it on self-esteem of kidney transplant recipients, improve the culture of organ transplants in the community and has had a positive impact on the community's mental health.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-care behaviors and readmission in people with heart failure.
People with heart failure are frequently hospitalized due to worsening symptoms. Admission to hospital reduces quality of life of patients, also imposes large costs for them. To control this disease, adherence to self-care behaviors is important.
In this descriptive analytical study, 245 heart failure patients with the history of readmission were recruited with convenience sampling method from Taleghani and Syedalshohada teaching hospitals of Urmia, in 2016. Data collection tool included self-care heart failure Index. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS.
Findings: Self-care mean score in participants was 45.59±7.6 and most patients had a moderate level of self-care behaviors. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a reverse statistically significant correlation between self-care score with the number of hospitalization (r=-223, p≤0.0001).
Self-care behaviors of the majority of patients was not favorable in terms of quality and there was a reverse correlation between self-care behaviors and readmission, It is suggested further investigating the factors affecting self-care behaviors and taking actions to deal with these factors.

Healthy lifestyle is an important factor to reduce the incidence, severity and complications of diseases. BASNEF model, as an educational framework, in addition to patients’ knowledge and attitude considers environment and social norms in changing behavior. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on BASNEF model on lifestyle of patients with heart failure.
In this quasi-experimental study, 60 patients with heart failure were enrolled in the study and allocated to intervention and control groups (30 per each group). The intervention group revived 4 sessions based BASNEF while the control group received nothing. To collect data participants completed a lifestyle and BASNED model questionnaires at two points in time: at baseline and 3 months follow-up. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The mean scores of total lifestyle did not differ between the two groups after the intervention (p=0.16), However some aspects of lifestyle such as nutrition, sleep patterns, physical health, stress and tobacco use were significantly differed between the two groups (p The findings suggest that an educational intervention based on BASNEF might have some positive effect on lifestyle of patients with heat failure.

One of the key goals in the care of patients with diabetes, elevated levels of adherence to treatment and recommendations offered by group therapy. The family as the basic unit of society is responsible for the proper health care to his patient. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of family centered care on laboratory examinations in patients with type II diabetes in Khoy Shahid Madani Hospital has been done.
This study is a quasi-experimental study. The number of 80 patients with type II diabetes and one of his family members from Khoy Shahid Madani Hospital selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. At first degree was measured laboratory values (Fasting blood glucose, Random blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C) before the study. Then family centered care was conducted for the experimental group and again After 3 months follow-up was measured laboratory values (Fasting blood glucose, Random blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C) in Patients in both groups. For data analysis using spss-20 descriptive and inferential statistical tests were performed.
The results of the study showed that the mean scores in Fasting blood glucose, Random blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C in each group before the intervention was not significantly different. (p0/05).
According to the results of this study Family-centered care could reduce levels of in Fasting blood glucose, Random blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C. Therefore it is recommended that the care provided to patients with diabetes.