matineh pourrahimi

Students’ academic failure is one of the educational problems causing the loss of allocated resources.

This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the academic failure of students and their viewpoints regarding the factors affecting educational achievement at Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.

The present cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 375 students in medical, nursing, and other related fields. A valid and reliable multipart questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Based on the obtained results, the criteria for academic failure were extracted. Then, due to abnormal data distribution, Spearman nonparametric statistical test was used to analyze the data using both SPSS software (version 23) and GraphPad Prism software (version 7).

According to the obtained results, the frequency of academic failure in the study population was 25.6%. Moreover, 28.46% of the students were satisfied with their field of study. Academic failure showed the strongest relationships with gender, regularity, and precision in the study. Furthermore, the most effective factors in educational achievement from the students’ viewpoints were student motivation, professor’s mastery over the subject, and student occupational future.

It is necessary to create a system to precisely investigate students’ academic failure and counseling needs to help them if necessary.

Although a significant number of Covid-19 patients tend to be hospitalized, few studies have explored the factors related to the hospitalization of these patients. This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the hospitalization and duration of hospitalization of the patients with Covid-19 in Shohada Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran in the first half of 2020.

This cross-sectional study was performed by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a two-part researcher-made checklist. The checklist was sent to 15 specialists in the fields of epidemiology, nursing, statistics and general practitioners to check the content validity. Content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to check the validity of the content of the checklist and Cronbach's alpha index was used to assess the reliability. To investigate the relationship between the studied variables, independent t-test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman and Pearson test were used at a significance level of 0.05.

The Cronbach's alpha index of the study checklist was equal to (r = 0.824). The total values of the CVI and CVR index for the whole checklist were found to be 0.870 and 0.733respectively. Therefore, it can be claimed that the checklist used in this study an acceptable level of content validity. 291 patients participated in this study. The mean and standard deviation of the length of hospital stay was 7.59 ± 4.14 days. There was a significant relationship between total length of hospital stay and each of the following variables: history of renal impairment (P-value = 0.034), presence of symptoms of shortness of breath (P-value = 0.007), nausea (P-value = 0.016), oxygen therapy (P-value = 0.022), use of Apotel (P-value = 0.045), use of Kaltera (P-value = 0.020), and hydroxychloroquine use (P-value = 0.022).

Symptoms of dyspnea, age, and oxygen therapy were the most important factors influencing the length of hospital stay. Thus, physicians and nurses should prioritize the use of oxygen therapy for patients, especially the elderly ones with the symptoms of dyspnea, in order to accelerate the recovery of the patients, and consequently reduce the duration of hospitalization.

Students are considered part of the capital of each country. Several factors can affect their educational status and, as a result, contribute to their academic failure. The current study seeks to investigate the relationship between students’ academic failure and the affecting factors with the Iranian Educational Ranking of Universities.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The required sample size was calculated using Cochran’s formula. A researcher-made questionnaire with 5 parts was used to collect data. Kruskal Wallis and Spearman’s analysis of variance was used for analysis. The significance level was considered as 0.05.

A total of 1215 people participated; 13.7% of students had had an academic failure and 2.0% of them were on academic probation. There was a correlation between university RAD rank and academic failure (r = -0.098 and P = 0.0001) as well as student satisfaction (r = 0.264 – P = 0.0001). There was a significant difference between an academic drop and academic grade in three ranks of university (Pv= 0.0001), and, interestingly, having moved from Rank 1 to 3, having academic grade increases, and having academic failure decreases.

According to the findings of this study, the higher ranked the college campus is on the RAD scale, the higher the academic failure rate. For annual assessment of universities, it is proposed that assessment of academic failure and grades be used as a benchmark.

The third-generation university is at the core of how higher education focuses on the economic status and competence of students. However, few studies have been conducted on the students’ knowledge and attitude in relation to third-generation universities. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of students in medical universities in 2019. This is a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a four-part researcher-made questionnaire. Structural validity was calculated with S-CVI index which was 0.746 for awareness, 0.789 for attitude and 0.862 for the total score. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and r = 0.801. In this study, 228 individuals participated, of whom 158 reported lack of proper infrastructure (69.29 %), 134 reported lack of proper bedding (58.77%), 134 reported lack of university financial support (58.77%), 94 reported lack of confidence (41.22%), and 76 reported lack of awareness (33.33%). The most important problem mentioned was the achievement of the goals of third-generation universities in medical universities. Also, 168 (73.68%) of the participants had a moderate attitude and 180 (78.98%) had poor knowledge. Since most students of medical universities had moderate attitudes and poor knowledge, educational programs are recommended to enhance the knowledge and attitude of the students of medical sciences towards the goals of third-generation universities and the path to the achievement of these goals.

Human is spiritual dimensions that has legal status in health and disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of nursing and midwifery students about patient rights in Iran Universities of Medical Sciences teaching hospitals’ in 2017. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study in 2017 with convenience sampling method. Data was collected by a three-part questionnaire including demographic information, Knowledge about the Patient Rights Charter, and strategies for student information to deal with patient rights. Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests were used for data analysis. A total of 1219 undergraduate students participated in this study. The mean score of students' awareness of the Patient Rights Charter was 13.54±4.45 out of 29 points. 1007 students (82.61%) reported that education about patient right was sufficient. Direct correlation was between patient knowledge awareness score with pre-internship training (r = 0.461) and learning from instructor information (r = 0.512) and there was a negative correlation between self-education (r = -0.151) and other methods of information acquisition (r = -0.067). Given that most students did not consider the educational content taught in the field of patient rights to be effective, it can be concluded that these methods were ineffective and failed to convey the correct information. Therefore, revising of the Patient Rights Curriculum for Nursing and Midwifery students is recommended

The principle of the use of leeches is associated with traditional medicine of many countries and its application has different philosophies for use in different areas of the body. Leeches, with all the benefits, can have dangers.

A review of complications of leech therapy was done based on English articles indexed in the databases up to July 1, 2018. A strategic search has done independently by members of the research team and then all of the articles were +categorized by subject.

Related articles were mostly case-reports. Complications were divided into five categories including infection, allergy, prolonged bleeding, migration, and others. Infection is the most-reported complication related to leech therapy and Aeromonas spp. has the most participation in infections.

Leech therapy can be a therapeutic complementary method if the possible complications are managed properly.

Brucellosis is one of the common zoonosis. This study aimed to map out epidemiological aspects of the disease in the city of Divandarreh, Kurdistan province, Iran between 2013 and October 2016. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional, in which the population under the study were census-based and all cases were included in the study between 2013 and 2016. The research method was referring to patients' files in the city health center and collecting information as followed in the checklist designed based on the variables of the research. During the study period, 790 cases were diagnosed with brucellosis. The highest prevalence was among men (52.55 per 10,000), in the summer season (34 per 10,000), among ranchers (51.46 per 10,000) and in the age group of 20-35 years old. Divandarreh is one of the areas with high prevalence of brucellosis in Kurdistan province. Due to the high economic costs of this disease, more effort is needed to educate the people of the region about not keeping the livestock in their place of residence and not to drink raw milk. it is also suggested that the level of cooperation between the Department of Veterinary Medicine and the City Health Center should increase.

Internet addiction is an emerging problem that can affect social aspects of one’s life in negative ways. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and students’ lifestyle. The present study was a cross-sectional analytic study. Research population consisted of all university students of the faculty of nursing and midwifery of Iran University of Medical Sciences which was carried out in 2017. Data collecting tools used in the present research were Young's Internet Addiction questionnaire and Lifestyle Questionnaire. The current study suggested that 206 (68.6%) of the participants had no addiction, 86 (28.8%) were susceptible to addiction, and 8 (2.6%) were addicted to the internet. Also, internet addiction was related to the aspects of lifestyle including mental health, spiritual health and avoidance of drugs and narcotics. There is a relationship between internet addiction and aspects of lifestyle. The students had low performance in fitness, weight control and nutrition, and environmental health, but no relationship was founded between the total score of lifestyle and internet addiction which could be due to differences among groups. We suggest educational programs to promote healthy lifestyle among nursing, midwifery and healthcare management students including expanding community sports culture, morning exercise, and nutrition improvement consisting of fruits and reduced consumption of saturated fat. Further studies are recommended to be conducted among the students of the aforementioned disciplines.

Today, diabetes is a global problem which affects more than 400 million people worldwide. Adherence to treatment in diabetic patients is one of the key factors in the process of treatment and recovery of these people. The purpose of this study was to determine the adherence to treatment in diabetic patients and it's affecting factors. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 320 diabetic patients with an average age of 59.8±14.35 years in 2017, in Rasool Akram and Firoozgar Hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by A Two-part questionnaire includes adherence to treatment of chronic diseases and the correlations were verified by Spearman test. Average total score of adherence to treatment was 43. 11±33.13, which 62.82% of patients had poor adherence to treatment, 33.22% had moderate adherence to treatment, 2.96% had good adherence to treatment and 1% had good adherence to treatment. 52.5% of patients had diabetic foot and Adherence to the treatment was inversely associated with the onset of the diabetic foot. Adherence to treatment in diabetic patients was significantly low. There are some factors affecting adherence to treatment in diabetic patients that these factors should be identified for each patient.