فهرست مطالب mehdi

Following the numerous crimes committed by the ISIS terrorist group in Iraq, the Islamic Republic of Iran rushed to help this country at the official request of the Iraqi government, and finally, the possessions of ISIS were liberated and this criminal group was suppressed. The purpose of this research is to examine Iran's support in the Iraq crisis after the emergence of ISIS with the three steps of the responsibility of support guide including prevention, intervention and reconstruction in an analytical and descriptive way. Examining the behavior pattern of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic in Iraq after the emergence of ISIS shows that although the prevention phase of the responsibility of protection guideline has not been fully implemented by the Islamic Republic of Iran, there is sufficient evidence of the implementation of intervention and reconstruction steps by the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the guideline of the responsibility of protection in Iraq. has it. Iran's presence in Iraq, along with national security justifications, has a human rights and human security aspect. Iran's confrontation with the ISIS terrorist group in Iraq, which has committed all the crimes under the responsibility of protection guidelines, is an example of the Islamic Republic of Iran's support for the oppressed and the oppressed, as stipulated in the Iranian constitution, and the application of human rights is a tool against human rights.
Iran's foreign policy after the victory of the Islamic Revolution has always been a mixture of ideological goals and national interests. Iran's Islamic Revolution brought about a fundamental change in Iran's political and cultural structure, which has always influenced foreign policy. The core of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is to secure national interests in the light of preserving human life and dignity. Human dignity has a special place in Islamic teachings. The same humanitarian view can be observed in all foreign policy behaviors of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the beginning until now. Supporting the oppressed and liberation movements is complementary to de-arrogance and anti-oppression, so that there is a logical and functional connection between fighting against the oppressed and supporting the oppressed; Therefore, in parallel with the fight against arrogance and colonialism, the Islamic Republic considers itself obliged to support the oppressed of the world and the liberation movements that fight against the arrogant and colonialists. Article 154 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic states that "the Islamic Republic of Iran ... supports the rightful struggle of the oppressed against the arrogant in any part of the world
Humanitarian intervention in countries has a long history. During his tenure, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon tried to develop a coherent framework for humanitarian intervention to support minorities and the oppressed around the world so that the world would no longer witness tragedies like Bosnia and Uganda. The result of these efforts is the adoption of the UN leaders in 2005, which became known as the Responsibility to Protect Directive, which states that whenever a country is unable or unwilling to defend its citizens against the four crimes of racial discrimination, war crimes, crimes against humanity and mass murder, the international community is obliged to Hasten to help the oppressed. After attacking Iraq and occupying a third of the country's territory, the ISIS terrorist group committed the four crimes under the responsibility of support guidelines, as evidenced by international organizations and the world's media. Considering the weakness of the Iraqi government in supporting the homeless people, this government sought help from the Islamic Republic of Iran. The military forces of our country also entered Iraq in the form of an advisory mission and helped the government. Many western politicians have considered the action of the Islamic Republic as a clear interference in the internal affairs of Iraq. However, according to the opinion of many other politicians, the Islamic Republic of Iran entered into a campaign with the sole aim of helping the Iraqi people, which had no other purpose than the responsibility of support.
This research has been carried out with the aim of adapting the support behavior of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the government and people of Iraq after the emergence of ISIS and seeks to answer the question of how the logic and pattern of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding Iraq after the emergence of ISIS is based on the responsibility of support guidelines. And its triple steps including prevention, intervention and reconstruction can be explained? So far, all the researches about Iran's regional activities have been analyzed with a political, security and ideological approach, and the innovative aspect of this research is the examination of Iran's regional presence from the perspective of international law and human rights.
 
Iran's presence in Iraq, along with the humanitarian approach and human rights, has national security justifications for the Islamic Republic of Iran, which has attracted the attention of researchers and thinkers, but Iran's approach to human security in the Iraq crisis stems from the Iranian constitution, which protects the oppressed against the aggressors. He knows the duty of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Criticisms of Iran's presence in Iraq mostly refer to the interests of the superpowers, which are in conflict with the foreign policy and human security guidelines of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this reason, over the past years, Iran has always been exposed to human rights accusations by international bodies affiliated with superpowers. Accusations that are mostly caused by cultural and social differences between Iran and the West. Despite all the differences of tastes and perceptions in the definition of human rights, the preservation of the lives of innocents and civilians as well as the survival of the human race is the common thread of all human rights theories and systems. The behavior of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic has a lot of capacity to show this foundation of human rights. The important point is that contrary to the famous saying "Religion is the opium of nations", it is the teachings of Islam that form the basis of this international behavior of Iran. The last word is that Iran's approach to human security in Iraq is an example of applying human-oriented human rights against benefit-oriented human rights. Human rights focus on dealing with human crimes not according to the nature of the crime, but on the basis of friendship or enmity with the perpetrators. Of course, it should be known that the future of human rights depends on a humane and non-discriminatory understanding of human dignity.

Due to its special geopolitical and geostrategic position, Yemen has always been the subject of interference by regional and extra-regional powers. Bringing Yemen in a crisis, the formation of the Arab uprisings and then the intervention of regional and international powers turned this country into a domestic and foreign battlefield. This article seeks to answer the question of what geopolitical interests four important regional actors, namely the Islamic Republic of Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and the Zionist regime, pursue in the Yemen crisis. The findings of the research show that despite the political and ideological motivations of all these actors, most of their basic goals in this crisis are aimed at the geopolitical and geostrategic advantages of Yemen.
In addition to its ideological goals of helping the oppressed, Iran views this crisis as an arena for expanding the geopolitical depth of the axis of resistance. And, as the most important regional actor involved in the Yemen crisis, Saudi Arabia sees this country essential to advance its regional and international ambitions, as well as to draw a veil over its geopolitical problems. The United Arab Emirates, which has based its foreign policy on sea and strait diplomacy, considers Yemen's geopolitics as the backbone of its policies in order to play a more effective role in the region, and the Zionist regime, which is known as one of the beneficiary political actors in the Red Sea, considers the geopolitical position of Yemen important for providing shipping security and improving its deterrence power against the resistance front.
With the emergence (occurrence) of the Arab uprisings, Yemen, like previous decades, suffered internal crisis and chaos and; as a result, many regional and extra-regional actors entered this crisis in order to benefit from Yemen's geopolitical gifts.
Due to its unique geopolitical and geostrategic position, Yemen is significant for regional and trans-regional actors; therefore, each of the regional powers, especially the four main influential actors in the Yemen crisis, i.e. Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and the Zionist regime, consider some interests for themselves in this country. Despite the political, economic, ideological and military interests, the biggest factor that has drawn these actors towards Yemen crisis is the geopolitical and geostrategic advantages of this country which include political, economic and other advantages.
In addition to political and ideological interests, the Yemen crisis and the promotion of Ansarullah from a sub-national to a national and even regional power have had geopolitical benefits for Tehran.
having not very peaceful relations with Iran during the era of Ali Abdullah Saleh and Mansour Hadi, yemen, with the outbreak of its crisis and the presence of Ansarullah in this country, was added to the circle of Iranian friends in the region and expanded the strategic depth of Iran to the Red Sea and the strategic strait of Bab al-Mandab.
With such an opportunity, in addition to prompting the geopolitical weight of the axis of resistance and itself, Iran can increase its deterrenc power against its most important regional enemy, the Zionist regime, and its most important regional rival, Saudi Arabia.  Iran can also prevent the political, military and economic strategies of the West, especially the United States, to isolate Iran and exclude it from the transit corridors.  The result of such developments can be an increase in Iran's national security factor.
The second and probably the most important foreign actor involved in the Yemen crisis is Saudi Arabia. The Yemen crisis, in general, imposed many political, economic, military and geopolitical costs on Saudi Arabia, because with the occurrence of Islamic awakening and the emergence of such actors as Ansarullah, Riyadh's influence in Sana'a was reduced and this country faced many challenges. However, the geopolitical interests of Saudi Arabia, such as reducing the geopolitical risk of Yemen for Riyadh, the connection with the high seas through the control of Yemen's strategic ports, as well as the stability of the Arabian Peninsula in order to continue its ambitious approaches at the regional and international levels, led Riyadh to maximize its presence in the Yemen crisis.
The third regional actor involved in the Yemen crisis is the United Arab Emirates, whose interests in Yemen can be considered completely geopolitical. With its maritime and strait diplomacy, the UAE seeks to dominate the international waterways and ports and strategic islands of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and by the way, the Yemen crisis made this strategy of the UAE a reality. During the last decade, the UAE has been able to make capital investments in many ports and islands in the south of Yemen and to have a significant military presence there.
Therefore, the interests of the UAE, unlike Saudi Arabia, are the division of Yemen and the support of the Southern Transitional Council in order to guarantee its decisive influence in the south of Yemen and the geostrategic regions of this country and achieve its ambitious goals in order to become the economic and tourism hub of the Middle East.
The fourth influential but shadowy regional actor in the Yemen crisis is the Zionist regime. The regime , which has experienced the loss of access to the Red Sea in the 1973 war (Yom Kippur), knows that the loss of the Red Sea can endanger its foundation.
Therefore, the developments of all the countries of the Red Sea and especially Yemen, which owns the Strait of Bab al-Mandeb in addition to being located in the Red Sea, is important for the Zionist regime.
The Yemen crisis is important for the Zionist regime since it has been  able to bring together reactionary Arab countries and the Jewish state and also to advance the balkanization of the Middle East one step further.
But the most important benefit of the Zionist regime from the crisis in Yemen can be seen in the connection of this regime with the Southern Transitional Council and its hidden presence in the south of Yemen and the strategic islands of this country, creating many opportunities for.
However, the emergence of Ansarullah is the most important challenge for the Zionist regime in the Yemen crisis, which can not only neutralize all these political and geopolitical opportunities resulting from the crisis, but also creates numerous threats to the regime in the Red Sea.

The results of pathological evaluation of seismic zones in the terrestrial space indicate a significant concentration of residential spaces, especially cities. It has been economic and human. Therefore, one of the desirable models in identifying, analyzing and reducing damage in urban spaces is to use the structural and functional framework of passive defense. In many recent studies, the subject of reducing earthquake damage in the territory of the physical-spatial field has been to increase the building's resistance to earthquakes. While this study by recognizing environmental components, physical-spatial, social, economic and effective indicators in each component (45 indicators) to determine the pathology and risk areas of earthquakes in a comprehensive and desirable and based on that reduction strategies Redefines risk. In other words, by recognizing and analyzing the basic concept of threat network and risk ring with passive defense approach in earthquake assessment and vulnerability in Kermanshah metropolis to form the required database structure in appropriate software environment, appropriate policy and urban crisis management measures It is designed in proportion to the earthquake risk.

The wide range of childhood and experiences from “the transition to childhood” are reproduced in child stories as one of the forms of cultural texts that have evolved along with the evolution of the concept of childhood. The main purpose of this article is to explore how to narrate the transition to childhood in the novel “Call Me Ziba”. The main premise of this research is that the novel is formed as a media content to the understanding audience from values and norms of society. In the present article, an attempt is made to answer the main question, how to narrate “the transition to childhood” descriptive-analytical manner. In this research, this novel is analyzed for its structural and content features with a narrative approach and a combination of two patterns, Génette and Barthes. In addition to exploring the narrative structure, connotation in this novel. results show; The transition from childhood in this novel is narrated in such a way that the child must quickly go through the stage of childhood and become an active member of society within the framework of social structures, but the child Looking for deconstruct. Various aspects of self-reflection, which are prominent features of individualism, are recounted in this novel. The narrative of the independent world of childhood in the form of hidden languages, special environments for children, creates a different image of childhood as a special group.

The category of border security is one of the important theoretical and practical topics of the security and defense fields, which has undergone changes in terms of nature and function in the last two decades. In terms of authority, border security includes, in addition to governments, people and populations living in border areas, people and goods that cross the borders. Border security becomes more important due to the fact that it plays the role of an intermediary between internal and external security and is considered the Achilles heel of governments. The borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran are not exempt from this general rule and have been the site of many wars and conflicts. World War I, II, and Iraq's imposed war against Iran show the turbulence of threats on Iran's borders. The new challenges that have arisen in Iran's eastern neighbor, Afghanistan, and the rise of the Taliban in this country, will change all the security equations of the country's eastern borders. Things like refugees, religious radicalism, insecurity, and even terrorism and drug trafficking, all change quantitatively and qualitatively. Also, the Taliban's way of looking at Islam and the alignment of their thoughts with the government and especially the intelligence apparatus of Pakistan has an impact on the Baluchistan region of Iran. Based on this, in order to predict the country's security situation in the coming years and design suitable security scenarios, it seems necessary to identify the drivers of threats to the country's eastern borders, and researchers seek to answer the main question of what social and economic variables are on the horizon. Are 1405 challenges for the security of the country's eastern borders?

This research is applied in terms of its nature and purpose, and descriptive survey in terms of the type of method and exploratory due to its prospective nature. In this research, the environmental monitoring method was used to identify key variables and form questionnaire items. The statistical population of the research includes familiar experts in related scientific fields. In order to analyze the findings of the research, cross-matrix future research methods were used using Mic Mac software.

The findings of the research showed that the variable of underdevelopment as a strategic variable and the variables of poverty and illiteracy of the people of the region, the problem of unemployment, the construction of border terminals, human trafficking and drug trafficking as key economic and social challenging variables. The eastern borders of the country were identified in connection with the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and in the perspective of 1405.

The results of the research also show that economic and social variables in Sistan and Baluchistan province are the cause of security problems such as human trafficking and drug trafficking. And these results confirm the opinions of the famous thinker of the Copenhagen school, Bari Buzan.Borders have long been heavily guarded places. Contemporary borders are segregated, and the security function of the border has changed from the territorial limits of states to heterogeneous places that are beyond the geopolitics of borderlines. Various researchers have discussed issues such as the competencies and powers of border authorities, the intensification of cross-border policies over time, new border security technologies, immigration control with citizenship laws, and some dimensions of border security xenophobia. The study of borders has confronted us with a variety of new challenges in the contemporary global political environment, despite efforts to dynamize national borders, governments are still trying to maintain traditional borders. Contrary to the initial slogans about the breaking of national borders (Jones & Johnson) due to ISIS attacks and the refugee crisis, the European Union has gone to re-establish the control of internal Schengen borders (McConnell et al).The issue of border security is one of the important theoretical and practical issues in security and defense fields, which has undergone changes in terms of nature and function in the last two decades. In terms of border security jurisdiction, in addition to governments, it includes people and populations living in border areas, as well as people and goods that cross borders. Border security becomes more important due to the fact that it plays the role of intermediary between internal and external security and is considered the Achilles heel of governments. The direction of threats from external sources is the vulnerability point of governments, and relations between neighbors may turn dark at any time. Borders are the first layer of absorbing negative waves, so governments focus on border security more than anything else.The borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran are not exempted from this general rule and have been the site of many wars and conflicts, World War I, and II and the war imposed by Iraq against Iran are indicative of the turbulence of threats on Iran's borders. Iran's peripheral borders are over 8731 km, of which 4113 km are land borders and 1918 km are river, lake, and swamp borders, and 2700 km are the coasts of Iran in the north (Mazandaran Sea) and in the south (Persian Gulf and Oman Sea). Iran's eastern borders share a 945-kilometer border with Afghanistan from the mouth of Zulfiqar to Mount Malek Siah and a 978-kilometer border with Pakistan from Mount Malek Siah to the mouth of the Gulf of Gwadar. Iran's eastern borders require a national and even international perspective due to geopolitical reasons. In the two eastern neighboring countries, we are witnessing a combination of terrorism, war, insecurity, and radicalism, which has manifested its direct and indirect effects on the eastern borders. With the connection of drug trafficking to the international mafia, this process has entered new and complicated stages. The borders of Iran and Afghanistan were determined in the Hariroud area by General McLean in 1891, in the Hashtadan and Dasht Hashem areas in 1935 by Fakhreddin Altai Turk, and in the Hamon and Hirmand areas by Goldsmith and McCammon in 1872 and 1903. The borders of Iran and Pakistan were also defined by Holdij in 1905 and 1896 from Black Mountain to Kohak.One of the determining factors in the field of security studies, especially border security, is the element of time. Knowing the future and taking timely action is the key to success in the field of security and strategic decisions. In the current era, studying the future and trying to predict it, the existing trends and the features of emerging trends and phenomena, and in its continuation, building the future by it is one of the main features of security planning. The new challenges that have arisen in Iran's eastern neighbor, Afghanistan, and the rise of the Taliban in this country, will change all the security equations of the country's eastern borders. Things like refugees, religious radicalism, insecurity, even terrorism, and drug trafficking all change quantitatively and qualitatively. Also, the Taliban's way of looking at Islam and the alignment of their thoughts with the government and especially the intelligence apparatus of Pakistan has an impact on the Baluchistan region of Iran. Based on this, in order to predict the country's security situation in the coming years and design suitable security scenarios, it seems necessary to identify the drivers of threats to the eastern borders of the country, and researchers are looking for answers to the main question of what social and economic variables in the time horizon of 1405 for the security of the eastern borders. Are they a challenging country؟

World Health Organization recommends and supports studies about leishmaniasis as one of the six major tropical and subtropical diseases. Iran is one of countries with relatively high infection rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis, so, the purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological status of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kermanshah province, western Iran.

In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the records of all patients with leishmaniasis positive smears between 2011 and 2019 in Kermanshah province. Annual rate of the disease was calculated according to the data obtained from Statistical Center of Iran.

There were 1946 patients with leishmaniasis, including 1477(75.9%) men. The prevalence of leishmaniasis in Kermanshah province was 15.4 in 100,000 people. The prevalence of the disease in men and women was 23.4 and 7.42, respectively. Annual pattern of infection showed that in men the incidence rate was higher between November and January and lower in June, but no specific seasonal pattern was seen in women. The most common lesions were observed in hands and then the foot with an upward trend in recent years (P<0.001). But the trends for number of lesions in the head and body remained unchanged (P=0.7).

According to the seasonal pattern of cutaneous leishmaniasis especially in men and its relationship with their career, educational programs and trainings are recommended to prevent sandfly bites.

Today human capital is considered as the main competitive advantage of organizations and it is also recognized as the key indicator of the success of organizations. In Iranian organizations, especially government agencies, there is a huge gap between employees and management and their demands. As a result of this gap, decisions are usually encountered with executive problems, as employees resist against decisions, and managers in turn do not trust employees and are reluctant to share decision making, all of which create a climate of mistrust in the organization. On the other hand, lack of employee’s motivation can have irreparable consequences for organizations, both in the short term and in the long run, and affect the quality of their products, or even give rise to issues such as turnover intention or absenteeism. In this regard, the issue of organizational commitment is also highly important because sometimes under the shadow of distrust, members of the organization intend to leave the organization and find another job. Therefore, a study of attitudes can offer valuable insights to managers to better understand of employees in the organization. In this context, organizational virtue has an important effects in organizations. The feeling of working in a virtue-based organization may encourage employees to do their jobs for something greater than material rewards or career progress including personal satisfaction or simply pleasure derived from implementation of a good job.

Security is one of the recent challenges of the international community due to the changing nature of crime and the criminal policy of the security-based governments. Various international documents commit member states to provide human rights to members of the community. However, governments are struggling to enforce strict policies to fight and control some complicated crimes, including terrorism and money laundering, to restore the community's order and security. These strict policies, while changing the principles and boundaries of criminal law, lead to inhumanization of criminal law unlike the welfare state, which accepted the policy of rehabilitation of criminals by adopting policies and corrective measures, security agencies with severe and potent penalties would exclude the possibility of criminals returning to society. In this regard, the offender is considered as a non-affiliated person who is considered to be committed with the commission of a crime against an individual's society. Applying such policies, in addition to violating the privacy of individuals, would result in violations of the rights of unpunished people in addition to offenders. This policy is obvious in the United States of America in a coherent manner, but it is used as some case studies in Iran.

By the beginning of king Reza’s governance in 1925 and the support of foreign countries, king Reza started some actions to modernize this country and to remove Islam’s regulations in order to supply the benefits of foreign countries and also his goal that was to save Pahlavi government. Among the persons who highly tried in this era for preserving Islam either against king Reza or against exploitation in two countries of Iraq and Iran, is Ayatollah Seyed Abo-Alhasan Esfahani from Shia Marjas in that time.

This study examines the effectiveness of Integrated Behavioral couple therapy The decline in marital boredom and fear of intimacy.
Quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group and two-month follow-up The population of couples referred to counseling centers (Hamrah group, Mehr Avar and Dinyar) in Region 2 Tehran Apr 2016 to 121 couples in which the couples Marital boredom scales Pines (1996) Fear of intimacy Descutner & Thelen (1991) had earned a high score Purposefully selected and the number of 8 couples (16) In the experimental group and 8 couples (16) in the control group were assigned randomly. Participants in the experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 90 minutes, Behavioral therapy - a combination Jacobson and Christensen (1996) were And participants in the control group did not receive treatment in time. Two groups in pretest, posttest, and follow-up Marital boredom and fear of intimacy variables were measured. Data for the analysis of descriptive statistics And analysis of variance repeated measures was used.
The results showed that couples therapy Behavioral combination of the decline in marital boredom and fear of intimacy and its components In the post-test and follow-influenced (P Therefore, The fact that marital boredom and fear of intimacy and marital status Couples with stress and inefficiency is widespread, use of Integrated Behavioral couple therapy can be combined to improve intimacy and reduce boredom help them.

In this study, efficiency of WetSpa model to simulate daily runoff, sensitivity analysis parameters and their impacts on various components of the hydrological cycle was investigated in Khorramabad river in Lorestan Province using the PSET method. Watershed digital maps of elevation, soil and land use, time series of precipitaion, evapotranspiration and temperature are the main input data of the hydrological WetSpa model. The Observed discharge data at Doab Veisian station for the period of 2004-2010 (1383-1389 in Iranian solar calendar) was used for the model calibration and validation. Based on the results, the model is able to simulate the flow rate during the statistical period, so that simulated and observed data have NS coefficient around 83.76 and 66.44 for calibration and validation respectively (In confidence level of 95%). In analyzing the sensitivity of the model parameters, it was observed that the surface runoff factor for the near-zero rainfall intensity is the most sensitive, and the degree-day rainfall factor has the least sensitivity. The gmax parameter with the least sensitivity produces the greatest uncertainty in the simulation, and the accurate estimation of this parameter is almost impossible. The parameters of snow melt like T0 and Ksnow in the simulation of spring and autumn floods are not affected by rainfall, and sensitivity of these parameters is related to snow storms that occur in the winter. Krun and Pmax parameters have high sensitivity in the simulation of flood hydrographs and these parameters have a negative correlation with each other, affecting the flood discharge hydrograph, and have the greatest effect on the runoff simulation uncertainty band. Therefore, it is important to determine the appropriate range of the changes in these parameters in the simulation of flood hydrograph.
In this study, efficiency of WetSpa model to simulate daily runoff, sensitivity analysis parameters and their impacts on various components of the hydrological cycle was investigated in Khorramabad river in Lorestan Province using the PSET method. Watershed digital maps of elevation, soil and land use, time series of precipitaion, evapotranspiration and temperature are the main input data of the hydrological WetSpa model. The Observed discharge data at Doab Veisian station for the period of 2004-2010 (1383-1389 in Iranian solar calendar) was used for the model calibration and validation. Based on the results, the model is able to simulate the flow rate during the statistical period, so that simulated and observed data have NS coefficient around 83.76 and 66.44 for calibration and validation respectively (In confidence level of 95%). In analyzing the sensitivity of the model parameters, it was observed that the surface runoff factor for the near-zero rainfall intensity is the most sensitive, and the degree-day rainfall factor has the least sensitivity. The gmax parameter with the least sensitivity produces the greatest uncertainty in the simulation, and the accurate estimation of this parameter is almost impossible. The parameters of snow melt like T0 and Ksnow in the simulation of spring and autumn floods are not affected by rainfall, and sensitivity of these parameters is related to snow storms that occur in the winter. Krun and Pmax parameters have high sensitivity in the simulation of flood hydrographs and these parameters have a negative correlation with each other, affecting the flood discharge hydrograph, and have the greatest effect on the runoff simulation uncertainty band. Therefore, it is important to determine the appropriate range of the changes in these parameters in the simulation of flood hydrograph.
In this study, efficiency of WetSpa model to simulate daily runoff, sensitivity analysis parameters and their impacts on various components of the hydrological cycle was investigated in Khorramabad river in Lorestan Province using the PSET method. Watershed digital maps of elevation, soil and land use, time series of precipitaion, evapotranspiration and temperature are the main input data of the hydrological WetSpa model. The Observed discharge data at Doab Veisian station for the period of 2004-2010 (1383-1389 in Iranian solar calendar) was used for the model calibration and validation. Based on the results, the model is able to simulate the flow rate during the statistical period, so that simulated and observed data have NS coefficient around 83.76 and 66.44 for calibration and validation respectively (In confidence level of 95%). In analyzing the sensitivity of the model parameters, it was observed that the surface runoff factor for the near-zero rainfall intensity is the most sensitive, and the degree-day rainfall factor has the least sensitivity. The gmax parameter with the least sensitivity produces the greatest uncertainty in the simulation, and the accurate estimation of this parameter is almost impossible. The parameters of snow melt like T0 and Ksnow in the simulation of spring and autumn floods are not affected by rainfall, and sensitivity of these parameters is related to snow storms that occur in the winter. Krun and Pmax parameters have high sensitivity in the simulation of flood hydrographs and these parameters have a negative correlation with each other, affecting the flood discharge hydrograph, and have the greatest effect on the runoff simulation uncertainty band. Therefore, it is important to determine the appropriate range of the changes in these parameters in the simulation of flood hydrograph.

Design and implementation correct drip irrigation plays an important role in increasing the productivity of agricultural land and help to using water low-quality. Attention to the problem of soil salinity¡ is determine the distribution pattern of soil salt is an effective tool for the proper management of soil. This study was done with goal to assess the two surfaces and subsurface drip irrigation system in olive trees in Tarom. In this regard¡ was discussed the pattern of distribution of mineral in soil¡ especially soil salinity and sodium adsorption ratio at various depths. Also distribution of soil salts were compared at in levels 50¡ 75 and 100% irrigation treatments. However¡ generally were obtained the concentrations of salt and sodium in different depths in this study in subsurface drip irrigation less than surface drip irrigation. Accumulation of Salinity and sodium in surface of soil in the top emitter in subsurface irrigation was greater than subsurface drip irrigation. Investigation different irrigation levels showed that in Spite of minerals reduction and leaching in irrigation level 100 percent¡ there isn’t significant difference in distribution of salinity and sodium between irrigation level 100 percent and 50 and 75.

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disorder with humeral and cellular immune system involvement. On the other hands¡ Vitamin D has important immunomodulatory effects and its relations with many autoimmune diseases were shown. The relation between Serum Vit D Level and Psoriasis disease remained controversial issue that this study was done to show this relationship.
Methods and Materials: In this comparative cross sectional study¡ 30 psoriatic patients who attended to Razi dermatology clinic in Rasht¡ by sequential sampling underwent study as case group. 30 healthy people from hospital at the same age¡ gender and skin-colored also were selected as control group. Inclusion criteria were patients and people without Ca or Vit D supplements usage or underground diseases in relation to hypovitaminosis D. Demographical data were gathered by interviewing and then blood samples from all participants were sent for analysis of serum Ca¡ P¡ Vit D and parathormone level. Data analysis was done by SPSS ver. 18 using T-test and Chi 2 test.
Mean and SD serum level of Vit D in case and control groups were 25.8± 12.6 ng/ mL and 23.7± 8.9 ng/ mL¡ respectively (ρ>0.05). Out of all¡ 24 participants (40%) suffered from Vit D Deficiency and 20 people (33.3%) from Vit D insufficiency ¡ only 26.7% study subjects had acceptable serum Vit D level. There were not any significant difference between Vit D deficiency rates and other measured biochemical indices in two groups (36.7% vs. 43.3%).
This study showed high level of Vit D deficiency in both psoriatic and normal people that must be notice.

In this paper, magnetic spin control using Spin and B-dot control laws have been studied in a lab environment. Evaluation of this control laws is done by a "three degrees of freedom air-bearing simulator". Due to the inherent simulator limitations, laboratory test results are visible only on one axis. Therefore, to evaluate these three-axis laws precisely, evaluation modeling is discussed by comparing the simulator dynamic and kinematic equations with the results of laboratory experiments. After evaluation of the modeling process, simulation of three-axis control law is conducted. Since the validated model shares same basis with satellite model equations except the torque disturbances caused by the distance between the center of the mass and the center of the rotation, it can be assured that these control laws are suitable for three-axis control of a satellite. Test results indicate appropriate performance of control laws.

Sleep disorder is one of the most common problems in menopausal women. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to determine the effect of chamomile extract on sleep disorder in menopausal women.
This double blind clinical trial study was conducted on 110 menopausal women aged 50-60 years who referred to health clinics of Arak and met the inclusion criteria. The subjects after convenience sampling were randomly included to one of the intervention or control groups. The intervention group received Chamomile capsule containing 400 mg of Chamomile extract twice a day for one month and control group received no intervention. At the end of the intervention, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was again completed by the subjects. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 18) and Chi-square, paired t and independent t -tests.
The mean sleep quality score in the intervetion group before taking the drug was 13.68± 1.68 that changed to 9.07±1.53 after the intervention. Also the mean of this index in the control group was 12.98±2.50 before the intervention and 11.72±2.45 after the intervention. There was significant difference between the mean of sleep quality score in the intervention group before and after the intervention (P=0.001), but it was not significantly different in the control group (P=0.149). Also, there was significant difference between mean score of sleep quality in intervention and control groups after the intervention (P=0.001).
Using Chamomile extract is effective in reducing sleep disorder of menopausal women.

Strain and strain rate are two of the most important parameters of machining. They directly affect the material behavior during chip formation. The study of chip formation, consideration of material behavior in different shear zones during machining, developing analytical models and understanding the process is highly dependent on the measurement of strain and strainrate. Flow stress, as an instance of material behavior, is the function of strain and strainrate. Flow stress is measure dusing Split Hopkinson bar test. It is shown that the data obtained using this test can not beaccuratelyemployedformachiningsimulationsasthestrainandstrainraterangesarefardifferentduring machining. This factindicatesthenecessityofdevelopingƒtestset-upbywhichdirectmeasurementofstrainandstrainrateduring machiningispossible.Inthispaper,ƒnon-contactmethodbasedonimagecorrelationanalysisisemployedtodirectlymeasurethestrain andstrainrateduringthemachiningprocess,bymeansofwhichthematerialbehaviorcouldbemoreaccuratelystudied.

The plantar arch is an architectural structure consisted of several joints, ligaments and muscles. It builds a functional unit that plays a vital role in weight bearing activities such as rope jumping. In this study, the effects of 12 weeks rope jumping on plantar arch in boy students with low, moderate, and high foot arches were evaluated.
It was a controlled experimental study. At the beginning of study, the plantar arches of 450 boys (aged 10 to 13 years) were evaluated by Staheli index. Accordingly, 30 participants were recruited from every group with low, moderate, and high foot arches, provided their parents signed the informed consent form. Then, subjects of each study group were randomly assigned into control and experimental groups (n=15). Experimental groups took part in a 45minute rope jumping program of 3 sessions per week, lasting for 12 weeks. Data were statistically analyzed by the use of Mixed ANOVA, using SPSS 22 software.
Results Compared to pre-test, post-test scores of plantar arch showed no difference in any control groups, nor in moderate-arch and high-arch experimental groups, but it showed significant increase in low-arch experimental group (pConclusion Our findings demonstrated that rope jumping exercises could improve plantar arch in boy students 10-13 years old with flexible flat foot. Therefore, we recommend such exercises to boy adolescents and call for the same study on girl adolescents.

The mixed pixels are considered as a major challenge in land cover mapping procedure from satellite imagery. Developments of the spectral unmixing and soft classification methods have provided the possibility for estimation of class proportions within the pixels. However, sub-pixel land cover mapping requires the spatial allocation of the sub-pixels. Recently, the Super Resolution Mapping (SRM) techniques have been developed for optimization of the sub-pixels spatial arrangement using the outputs of soft classifiers and based on the concepts of spatial dependency. In this research, the overall capability of the simulated annealing algorithm was evaluated through sub-pixel land cover mapping of the study area. To do so, a novel method was proposed for generating new solutions in each step of the algorithm and then the results were compared to the traditional method. On the other hand, the effective parameters on the performance of the algorithm (e.g. zoom factor, cooling function type, static and dynamic iterations) were investigated. According to the obtained results, higher values of zoom factor yields more promising overall accuracy . Also, the geometric function was found as the optimal cooling function with respect to the overall accuracy and processing speed. Meanwhile, dynamic iterations demonstrated more accuracy than the static case. As another key result of the paper, the proposed method for generating the new solutions in simulated annealing algorithm is led to increasing of the overall accuracy and also reducing the processing time of algorithm up to 50 percent. The most accurate result of the proposed algorithm, which was obtained for the that case of being independent from soft classifier, is determined 94.97 percent.

Nowadays, extraction of roads from digital aerial and satellite images is a common method of road database construction. Regarding to massive amount of road data and time and cost effective updating requirements, automation procedure is becoming an essential. In this research, which is mostly concentrated on road vectorization process, an automatic approach of road centerline vectorization from detected road image with negligible operator interventions is designed. The proposed system consists of two main stages including road key points determination and connection. At the first stage, the road key points representative of the road centerline are determined using particle swarm optimization clustering. At the second stage, in order to model the road networks weighted graph theory is considered. In this model cost of each connection is calculated by aggregating appropriate road geometric criteria by means of ordered weighted averaging operators. The least cost connections constitute the vectorized road networks. The proposed approach was implemented on several high resolution satellite images and their results were compared with the results of the minimum spanning tree algorithm. On the whole, the obtaining results proved the efficiency of the vectorization approach in attaining the complete and accurate road network.
Extracting different road shapes including direct and curved roads, roads with different widths, parallel roads with different distances, junctions and square with average RMSE value about 0.9 meter, average completeness of %94, and average correctness greater than %95 proves the efficiency of the algorithm in yielding complete road networks.

Now the knowledge of ethical considerations related to genetic modifications is not available. Pondering on these ethical issues is concern of experts and professionals in this field. Human germ-line cells includs sperm, ovum and embryonic cells befor the 8th week of gestation. Rectifying of genetic deficiency and treatment of the related disease in the next generation, eugenics and genetic amplification are the main aims of genetic transferring into the human germ-line. There are different and controversial believes in different religions about genetic transferring. Gene transfer into human cells, especially targeted gene delivery into the germ-line cells in order to gene amplification requires significant ethical considerations. In this review, different opinions and ethical considerations related to gene transferring into human germ-line have been described, in summary.

In this study, four sand dunes, in the East of Babolsar were studied. These dunes are of lunar parabolic type. Their sediment textures are sand and sand with little gravel;.these sediments are moderately sorted, leptokurtic and have positive skewness. More than 60 percent of these deposits are composed of metamorphic and igneous rock fragments. Three sedimentary facies (i.e. A, B1 and B2) were recognized; facies A and B2 show charactertistics of coastal plains and sand dunes; facies B1 were deposited in a swash zone. The age of the middle and lower part of the studied dunes varies from 14 to 25 ka; indicating the minimum and maximum depositional rate of 0.15 and 0.2 mm/y, respectively. Four Radar Facies were recognized; their characteristics are indicative of dune foreslope, cut and trough fill and swash zone.

The aim of accomplishing this research is the inspection of the probability of installing the balanced evaluation card method for assessing the operation of stationed companies in Brijand’s industrial town. One of the evaluation methods for operation of the organization is the concessionary balanced card which considers all aspects of the organization. In this research four points of view relating to the balanced evaluation such as; financial، customer، interior and learning and growth processes from two aspect of the present and ideal situation has been investigated. The present research from the aim aspect is applicatory and from its accomplishment view is descriptive-measurable one and the questionnaires has been used in the form of Likeret’s five grade scale. The findings indicates that the probability of installing the company’s strategies by the approach of balanced evaluation card is possible. And also it can be said that the companies conceived the importance of non-financial criterions in assessing this operation، but they don’t use continuously from the balanced evaluation method.

Quality of life is a concept that in recent years، due to his role in mental health، has gain importance. Low living conditions in rural areas results in rural migration to the big cities، have followed many social، economic and environment problems in rural areas and in the cities. The role of rural development in the economic، social، political aspects in various regional scales is evident.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of rural life in Khodabandeh Township which has been done with economic، social، cultural elements. Objectives of the review are detailed below: How villagers are satisfied with the quality of life in rural areas? The reliability of the questionnaire، approved by pre-test of 30 questionnaires was completed in the study area and the alpha level of 950 / 0 was obtained. After completing questionnaires، the results were compiled and analyzed by SPSS software. To measure quality of life in rural areas T-Test was used.

Examining components of quality of life in the villages showed that belonging to place has the highest average in fact represent the interest of the villagers to living in these areas. Employment and income are in the latest ranking. In fact، in most rural areas، the situation is good because it can be considered in the development of agricultural and animal husbandry activities. Limitations: There are several ways to measure the quality of life that the lack of appropriate data، limits the researcher on the use of objective methods for measuring the quality of life. Practical: The most important management strategy for these villages is to improve rural infrastructure and services aimed improving the quality of life in the villages. Originality and value: This article can be another step towards the development of rural quality of life literature in geographical and planning sciences.

Technetium-99m radioisotope is the backbone of any nuclear medicine institute. This radioisotope is acquired by the elution of Molybdenum-99/Technetium-99m generator which emits 141 keV gamma ray and having 6.04 hour half-life. Occasionally the contents of Molybdenum-99 may mix up with elute, which may affect image quality and patients may receive higher doses than recommended. This study was initiated to check and evaluate the contamination of Molybdenum-99 in Molybdenum-99/Technetium-99m generators used at Nuclear Institute of Medicine and Radiotherapy (NIMRA) Jamshoro Pakistan before its administration to patients for diagnostic procedures. The Molybdenum-99 impurity in Technetium-99m elute for 50 generators was studied during the year 2012. The measurements were made using dose calibrator and a standard canister at the time of first elution of the generators. The dose calibrator displays result after executing various steps in a sequence. Due to some production process error or any mechanical fault high activity of Molybdenum-99 was recorded and removed with decrease in Technetium-99m yield. The most of eluted generators (90%) contained 10% of molybdenum breakthrough of the permissible limit (P < 0.05). The high activity of Molybdenum-99 was recorded in only 6% of the generator and removed by using standard methods with some reduced Technetium-99m activity. The molybdenum breakthrough was according to recommended standards in most of the generators. The removal of high contents of Molybdenum-99 enabled the institute to continue routine imaging services by improved image quality and reduction in radiation dose to the patients.

From the past times، rural areas as the basic communications have had a major role in the formation and flourishing of civilizations and decline of a great number of civilizations، is concerned to the destruction of villages and disregarding them as basic elements of production، and economic prosperity. At the present، one of the main elements of the production and environmental decline and inefficiency is poverty. So the study to identify poverty reasons and presenting solutions is essential. The present study analyzes the factors affecting the spatial distribution of poverty in rural areas، by emphasizing on the economic- social characteristics. This study is of applied one and from the view point of nature and method is of descriptive – analytical one. The method for collecting information is of library and field data collection (questionnaires، interviews) and descriptive statistics (mean، standard deviation) and inferential statistics were applied for analyzing information. The present research population is the families of Mahmoudabad county، located in West Azarbaijan Shahindezh township. The county has 26 villages with population in 2011 Census with 8206 Population and 2154 Households. With respect to the spread of the under study area and for detailed and accurate study، 11 villages were selected by Kocharan modified formula and distributed between different population classes of the village through classification sampling method. The results show that the elements of assets، education and banking credit are the most important factors affecting the spatial distribution of poverty in the study area.