فهرست مطالب mehdi asgari

Based on the purpose, this research is an applied-developmental research, because it seeks to find a suitable model for new intelligent communication technologies in the development of urban management. On the other hand, based on the method and time period of data collection, it is a descriptive (non-experimental) research that was conducted with a cross-sectional survey method. Also, this study is based on a qualitative approach from the perspective of the nature of the data. In the first part, based on library studies and then expert interviews, the indicators of new intelligent communication technologies in the development of urban management have been identified. After the qualitative analysis stage, questionnaires were distributed and data was collected from experts in the field of media and urban management. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 17experts in the field of study and media activists and urban management of the country. The qualitative results of this research showed that the optimal pattern of new intelligent communication technologies includes the categories of causal conditions (digital world, virtual world technology), contextual conditions (urban management), central phenomenon (new technologies), intervening conditions ( governments and citizens), strategies and actions (smart city), consequences smart transportation and environment, smart government and economy, smart people and life, (smart city). It is worth mentioning that MAXQDA software was used in grounded theory analysis

Various chains of transmitters exist for the book Sahifa Sajjadiyya. One of these chains traces back to Umair ibn Mutawakkil ibn Harun as the narrator of the hadith. To date, six narrations have been identified from this particular chain. The objective of this study is to analyze the chain of narrators in which Ubaidullah ibn al-Fazl is situated. The only available version of this narration is the Hagia Sophia library version No. 2819. This article primarily focuses on examining the specific backgrounds of the narrators within this chain. The descriptive method employing library sources is utilized for this purpose. The overall conclusion drawn from this article is that the first two narrators in this chain are Egyptian Sunni elders, while the remaining narrator is Shia

The theory of mental existence has been seriously discussed in Islamic philosophy and theology since the time of Fakhrazi. Meanwhile, some philosophers have proved this theory and others have denied it. Mir Qawamuddin Razi Tehrani can be mentioned among the philosophers who denied the theory of mental existence. This philosopher is influenced by his teacher Melar Jabali Tabrizi in denying the existence of the mind, and as Tabrizi connects the theory of the existence of the mind with self, science and perception, Mir Qawamuddin also pays attention to these axes like the teacher. The main issue in this article is the denial of evidence of mental existence by Mir Qawamuddin Razi Tehrani and how it is connected with the problem of perception and science. Of course, this review will not be devoid of critical and analytical aspects. The discussion method in this article is the descriptive-analytical method and the library data collection method. The brief conclusion reached by the article is that Mir Qawamuddin Razi, by denying the existence of the mind, cannot give an adequate answer to true propositions, and Mir Qawamuddin Razi's theory about the existence of the mind should be interpreted in the light of Aristotle's words, although he presented A revised theory of self-affection is unsuccessful except as a way of perceiving things.

The problem of evil has occupied the human mind for a long time, and different schools of thought have tried to answer this theological problem. One of the answers given to the problem of evil is the answer given by Ikhwān Al-Ṣafā. The basic problem of this article is to explain and analyze the viewpoint of Ikhwān Al-Ṣafā on the problem of evil. The data collection method is library and the data analysis method is descriptive-analytical. The importance of addressing this issue is due to the fact that the opinion of this school has not been examined on the issue of evil. The brief conclusion reached by the article is that the Ikhwān Al-Ṣafā are dealing with the Platonic-Plutonian problem of evil and they have also added some elements to it, but there are some ambiguities in their opinion, especially their interpretation of the first intention and The second intention and the influence of the planets on the happiness or sadness of the human horoscope and not proving the connection between evil and disbelief or reprehensible morals and goodness and faith or honorable morals. Therefore, although there are strong points in their opinion, such as dealing with the problem of evil about animals, their theory is faced with ambiguities that can make accepting their answer about the problem of evil doubtful.

Osteoporosis is one of the primary causes of disability and mortality in the elderly. If osteoporosis's significant features can be identified, the risk of developing this disease will be reduced. In recent years, data mining approaches have become a suitable tool for medical researchers. This study applied data mining methods to identify osteoporosis’s significant features. This study applied data from women having osteoporosis or osteopenia in the period 2011-2019 in the Osteoporosis Diagnosis Center, Isfahan, Iran. Data mining methods such as linear regression, naïve bayes, decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, and neural network were implemented on the dataset. This study consisted of 8258 patients’ information, of which 1482 had osteoporosis. The results showed that the support vector machine, decision tree, neural network are the best method based on accuracy, precision, and AUC measures. Six candidate features were age, weight, back pain, low activity, menopause date, and previous fracture. Support vector machine, decision tree, and neural network are the best candidate techniques for predicting osteoporosis. Thin older people are more at risk of osteoporosis than other people. Yet, people with middleweight and middle age are at lower risk of osteoporosis.

Hamid al-Din Kermani (5th century) is one of the great Ismaili ministers who had a significant impact on the Ismaili tradition. His works include various philosophical and religious topics, one of which is the treatise Ma’asim al-Huda and al-Isaba fi Tafdhil Ali ‘ala al-Sahabah. This book is basically a rebuttal to Al-Uthmaniyya by Abu Uthman Amr bin Bahr known as Jahidh (255 AH). Ma’asim alHuda’s major parts are lost and only a few portions of chapters three, four and five are left. The remaining part of the third chapter is on the specific virtues of Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon him), the fourth chapter on the common virtues of Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon him) and the first caliph, and the fifth chapter on the virtues of Abu Bakr. So far, no corrections have been made to this treatise and has remained in manuscript form. The main topic of this article is to introduce the content and the remaining versions of Ma’asim al-Huda.

Mulla Rajabali Tabrizi is one of the Safavid period’s lesser-known philosophers. He held a prominent position at Shah Abbas II’s administration. Therefore, the king occasionally posed queries in his presence. The focus of this article is an analysis and investigation of Mulla Rajabali Tabrizi’s political philosophy. The descriptive-analytical method is used to answer the question, “What are the conditions of leadership and government from Mulla Rajabali Tabrizi’s perspective, and on what anthropological foundations is it based?” After dividing the soul into higher souls, average souls, and lower souls in response to Safavi’'s King’s query about the levels of the soul, Tabrizi applies these levels to government officials, according to the research findings. In the meantime, he also specifies the rank of prophet and successor, the rank of kingship, and some fictitious principles in order to clarify his political philosophy based on his anthropological viewpoint. It has also been discovered that although Tabrizi was influenced by Plato and Aristotle on the issue of leadership and government, and like Farabi, he discusses the dos, his view on leadership and government and the ranks of officials was unique among the philosophers of the Islamic period and stemmed from the foundations of his unique anthropology.

The equivocity (al-ishtirāk al-lafẓī) and univocity (al-ishtirāk al-maʿnawī) of the term “exist” was always a concern of recent Muslim philosophers (since Mīrdāmād until the present day). Some philosophers believe in the equivocity of “existence” and others adhere to its univocity. A proponent of equivocity is Mullā Rajabalī Tabrīzī. He believes that the term “exist” means two distinct things when it is used about the necessary being and possible beings. The main problem of this article is to provide an account of this thesis and the arguments of Tabrīzī for his view. We offer our critiques as well as two interpretations of his equivocity thesis. One interpretation was provided by Mullā Abd al-Raḥīm Damāwandī and the other by a student of Tabrīzī called Mīr Ismāʿīl Khātūnābādī. The method of this research is library research and descriptive-analytic. The rough conclusion of this paper is that Tabrīzī fails to articulate philosophical arguments for the equivocity of “existence,” and his evidence from religious texts is worthy of consideration only if we accept his peculiar method of exegesis. Of the two interpretations of Tabrīzī’s thesis of equivocity of “existence,” that of Mīr Ismāʿīl Khātūnābādī is more accurate and noteworthy in our view.

The vertical gastric plication technique leads to poor long-term outcomes and is associated with intolerable reflux, dysphagia, or weight gain in a high percentage of patients. Therefore, in this study, the therapeutic results of two methods with and without plication of the distal part of the stomach in gastric bypass surgery in patients with morbid obesity were compared.

In this clinical trial randomized single-blind study, 40 patients with morbid obesity who were referred to one of the hospitals affiliated with Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz during March 2020-February 2021, were randomly divided into two groups: with plication of the distal part of the stomach (n=20) and without plication of the distal part of the stomach (n=20) in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Weight loss rate, complications related to surgery, outcomes and satisfaction of patient were noted and followed up for one year.

The mean percentage of weight loss at different times did not show a significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). The length of hospitalization after surgery was significantly less in the distal gastric plication group (p=0.0001). During one year of follow-up, hypertension, diabetes, HLP, and reflux were well in the distal plication method but showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Satisfaction of the patients was more in the distal plication method and showed no significant difference (p>0.05). One year after the operation, the change of diet showed no significant difference in the two groups (p>0.05).

It looks that using the laparoscopic distal gastric plication method is an effective and safe method and is associated with early ideal weight loss, reduction of complications, and increase in satisfaction of patients with BMI>=35 kg/m2. No need to use a foreign body, stapler or bandage and the possibility of re-operation are the advantages of this technique.

Isfahan Philosophical School includes several different philosophical approaches in which philosophical issues are sometimes studied with great difference. In the meantime, not much attention has been paid to the school of Mulla Rajab-Ali Tabrizi and his students. Tabrizi has had special views in philosophy. One of these views is that existence is common between necessary-being and possible-being in letters but difference in meaning. He addresses this point in his book Al-Asl al-Asil (the genuine principle) in short and in the book proving necessary being (Ithbat e wajeb) in detail. In addition to rejecting that existence is common in meaning, the treatise Ithbat e wajeb addresses issues such as proving the obligatory essence, denying the combination from necessary being, the obligatory monotheism, and denying Ibn Kamunah’s objection, denying the sameness of the essence with its attributes and related hadiths. The main subject of the present article is correcting the treatise “Summary of some contents of Mulla Rajab-Ali’s Risala al-Ishtirak (A Treatise on sharing)” which opens by an analytical introduction

Catalog of Iranian Handwritten works(Dena) and Catalogs of Iranian Manuscripts (Fankha) are two large collections for identifying manuscripts in Iran by various authors in various fields of science. One of the philosophers mentioned in these two books is Mullah Rajab Ali Tabrizi. In Dena (new edition) six works and in Fakhna four works have been attributed to Tabrizi. The main issue of this article is the validation of the attributions given to Tabrizi in these two books. Therefore, according to the manuscripts, catalogs, and biographical books and memoirs, an attempt has been made to carry out this validation. The purpose of this article is to show the position of the manuscripts attributed to this philosopher and on the other hand to correct the mistakes that have been made about Tabrizi in the catalogs.  The conclusion reached by this article is that the authors of both books in mentioning the list of  Tabrizi books and their description were not careful and in most cases trusted other catalogs. Hence, other catalog errors are also included in these two books.

One of the important issues in Islamic philosophy is the discussion of mental existence and its forms. Among the forms that have become mental, two forms have challenged the foundations of this issue. Forms of community of substance and width and community of transverse categories under each other. The main issue of this article is to show the application of the distinction between the first pregnancy and the common pregnancy in proving and solving the problems of mental existence in Mirdamad. The method of discussion will be library and historical method. The brief answer to this main question is that Mirdamad was able to give the same answer to the problem of mental existence by separating the two, which was later registered in the name of his student Mulla- Sadra. Meanwhile, Mirdamad has had a great impact on the development of the theory of predication and the distinction between the tautological and common technical predication.

Mulla Rajb Ali of Tabriz is one of the philosophers whose ideas have not enjoyed much reception. In his thoughts, he is influenced by the Qur’an, traditions, Neoplatonic and Avicennan philosophy as well as Akbarian mysticism. He has collected all those ideas in a treatise called Al-Asl al-Asil. The full text of this treatise has been amended and published by Aziz Javanpour Heravi and Hasan Akbari Beyraq. However, their redaction suffers certain shortcomings. In the present article, we have first examined the quality of this edition and revealed its problems and inaccuracies. We have then introduced an old little-known manuscript of the treatise copied by Mir Qavām al-Din Razi, and an interpolated translation of it, entitled Tohfat al-Kamāl, by Molla Hasan, both men being Tabrizi’s students.

In his Phaedo, Plato has presented three arguments for the soul’s posthumous eternity. The first two arguments are articulated in a mythical-philosophical way on the basis of consecutive cycles of births. The third argument presented by Plato for the soul’s survival after death is an argument from the soul’s simplicity. He maintains that what has no parts is not corruptible, and since the soul has no parts, it will be eternal after the bodily death and will not be annihilated. In Islamic philosophy, one of the most important issues about the soul is the soul’s eternity and its posthumous survival. Avicenna—the great Peripatetic philosopher—has presented arguments for the soul’s eternity. We believe that his most important argument is the argument for the soul’s eternity from simplicity, which was anticipated by Plato. In this paper, we seek to provide a historical consideration and analysis of Plato’s view and its impact on Avicenna’s simplicity argument. The method adopted by this paper is historical, involving citations of the texts, particularly those of Avicenna. The short reply to the main question of the paper is that Avicenna’s argument for the soul’s eternity from simplicity has a historical Platonic spirit.

Housing is one of the most critical and expensive assets of human life, and it is a costly commodity that requires long-term planning. A major issue in the housing sector is affordability, especially for low-income families. In this paper, we combine the cross-sectional household income-expenditure microdata (generated by the Iranian Statistics Center) and create pseudo-panel data. We make cohorts from the repeated cross-sectional data and examine family behavior for 25 years. This study was conducted from 1991 to 2015 and covered seven metropolises including Tehran, Karaj, Mashhad, Isfahan, Tabriz, Shiraz, and Ahwaz. The target population of this study consisted of those who were born from 1930 to1989. Because rich people make more speculative investment in housing than their need, this behavior affects the housing market and low-income households through the intensification of income inequality. The empirical results demonstrate that the high per capita income inequality of households in metropolises has a negative and significant effect on residual income (i.e. non-housing expenses) and per capita living space. That is, higher income inequality is related to a lower residual income and a lower per capita living space. The results also show that permanent income has a positive and significant effect on housing affordability, and higher permanent income leads to an increase in residual income as well as an increase in per capita living space.

Housing is one of the most important and most expensive assets of the human life. It is an expensive commodity that requires long-term planning to purchase it, so housing affordability in the household budget portfolio is one of the most important issues. In this paper, based on Zhang (2015) model and Matlack and Vigdor (2008) study and using a cross-sectional household income - expenditure microdata generated by the Iranian Statistics Center, we generate pseudo-panel data. We make cohorts by repeated cross sectional data and monitor family behavior for 25 years. This study was conducted for the period of 1991 to 2015 and includes seven metropolises: Tehran, Karaj, Mashhad, Isfahan, Tabriz, Shiraz and Ahwaz, which covers only urban areas. The target population studied in this study is those who were born between the years 1930-1989. The empirical results demonstrate that higher per capita income inequality of household within metropolises has a negative and significant effect on residual income (household non-housing expenses) and a positive and significant effect on the house price and rent. That is, higher income inequality is related to a lower residual income, higher rent-to-income ratio and higher housing-price-to-income ratio for low-income households.In particular, a rise in income inequalities, as increase in gap between high-income groups and low incomes, lead to a reduction in housing affordability of middle/low-income households, and the quality of use of these households is significantly reduced. The results also show that permanent income has a positive and significant effect on housing affordability, and higher permanent income leads to increase in residual income.

One of the most important concerns, is the proper functioning and sustainable. The role of leaders is important in this context. The present study has been carried out to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and team performance with emphasis on cognitive trust.The research method was descriptive correlation, and the statistical population(N=294) and the statistical sample(n=161) involved all educative department of Qazvin Islamic Azad University. The questionnaire was used for collecting the data(52questions). In order to evaluate the questionnaire reliability, the academic experts and for stability, the Cronbach's alpha method, was employed. The validity of the questionnaire was considered as content validity and was investigated by collecting specialists’ comments. The results showed that there was transformational leadership has positive effective on team performance. Cognitive trust to leadership, specially, cognitive trust among team members, has positive effective on team performance and can mediate the impact of transformational leadership on team performance.The effectiveness of cognitive trust is important to improving leadership, team performance and organizational groups.Without the trust of followers to leadership, it will be little lasting impact on team performance.

Early philosophers are of particular importance in the history of philosophy. This is because they led the first stages of the development of philosophical concepts and thoughts. Among them, three Milesian philosophers enjoy great significance. The question that they posed prompted later philosophers to try hard to provide a worthy response for it. They posed the question of: “What is the origin of the world?” During the period of the translation of philosophical texts into Arabic, Muslim philosophers became familiar with these three thinkers to some extent and quoted and, in some cases, interpreted their ideas. The present paper is intended to introduce Muslim philosophers’ interpretation of the views of Milesian pre-Socratic philosophers and demonstrate how justified they were in their interpretation. A short response to this question is that Muslim philosophers provided a completely non-historical interpretation, which is open to historical criticism.

Injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) results in deterioration of postoperative voice performance. The aim of this study was to asses the impact of exploring and identifying the EBSLN during thyroidectomy in reducing nerve injury and consequently preserved voice performance..
Ninety patients, in 2 groups, underwent a thyroidectomy and a total of 122 upper poles were dissected. After 2 to 4 weeks, patients with voice complaints were evaluated by electromyography of cricothyroid muscle..
There were 4 unilateral injuries (10%) in the explored group whereas in the non-explored group (9 unilateral and 2 bilateral) (P = 0.28), there were 11 (22%). A total of 7.4% of 54 upper thyroid poles injuries were observed in the explored group whereas 16% injuries of 68 upper thyroid poles in the non-explored group (P = 0.12)..
The injury to the EBSLN decreased when upper thyroid pole dissection was accompanied with nerve exploring. The EBSLN should be explored and identified during the thyroidectomy because it makes a noticeable change in the postoperative voice performance..

Surgical removal of inferior third molar tooth is associated with post operative complications such as pain, trismus and edema. Decreasing the post-operative inflammation and edema is one of the important goals in drug administration. For management of post operative pain, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids can be administered. C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the best paraclinical parameters for evaluation of tissue inflammation.
Thirty one patients aged 18 to 31years old were enrolled and evaluated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. They were classified into two groups, randomly. In one group, NSAID and in the other group tramadol was administered orally, after dental surgery. Blood samples were taken before procedure and 72 hours after procedure for CRP level evaluation.
Regardless of the type of drugs, CRP changes were statistically significant in both groups before and after operation. Elevation of CRP serum level was higher in tramadol group in comparison to Ibuprofen group and the difference was statistically significant. (P.value 0.05).
This study has shown that NSAIDs have more anti-inflammatory effect than opioids.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive procedure whereby the gallbladder is removed using laparoscopic techniques. Monopolar electerosurgical energy is the method of dissection of gallbladder from liver bed. Ultrasonic energy causes less thermal damage and suggests an alternative to monopolar elevterocautery. Leptin is a tissue factor and C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein that builds up in surgical damages. In laparoscopy, pneumoperitoneum and thermal damage cause this increase. In this study, after completion of surgery with both methods, plasma leptin and CPR were measured. Next, the complications and benefits of the two methods were compared.
This single blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 patients who were candidate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in surgery clinic of Razi Teaching Hospital in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences from March 2013 to March 2015. Patients were divided randomly into two groups of ultrasonic and electerocautery. Then, leptin’s level and CRP’s level were measured at completion of surgery, 30 minutes after completion, 6 and 24 hours after completion of surgery in the two groups.
This study shows that the average rate of leptin at completion of surgery, 30 minutes after completion, 6 and 24 hours after completion of surgery in ultrasonic group had less increase than electerocautery group and the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.0001). The average rate of CRP at completion of surgery, 30 minutes after completion, 6 and 24 hours after completion of surgery in ultrasonic group had less increase than electerocautery group and the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.0001).
The level of leptin and CRP shows that surgery with ultrasonic method will provoke the immune system less than electerocautery method.

Inflation is one of the most important problems in Iran throughout last decades، and the historical studies of inflation trend in Iran indicate persistence of this variable. Inflation persistence refers to the tendency of inflation to converge slowly towards its long-run measure (equilibrium inflation) in response to various economic shocks. The historical measuring of inflation persistence has estimated by the univariate autoregressive timeseries models and include the sum of autoregressive coefficients to estimate persistence. In this paper we implement this approach and then another non-parametric approach to measure inflation persistence for the period 1338- 1390 and some sub-period، covering a structural break in 1357. The results show a remarkable persistence of inflation in years after Revolution، especially for the period ending in 1374; furthermore، the results indicate that in periods before structural break in 1357 (The advent of Revolution)، there is no obvious inflation persistence

Laparoscopic cholecyctectomy is the choice procedure for acute cholecystitis. The post-operative pain is first feel when the opioids affect are diminisehd and become very severe in first 24h after surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of intraperitoneal bupivacaine on reduction of pain intensity in patients underwent laparoscopic cholecyctectomy. Subjects and

In this study،60 patients (20-60y) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy، were divided into two case and control groups (each 30 cases). The first was administered bupivacaine (IP) in normal saline and the other with normal saline only. After local anesthesia removed، Case and control groups were assessed for pain intensity based on NRS at 0، 1، 2، 4، 8، 12، 24 hours after surgery. Data were analyzed with SPSS17 program.

The mean age of case and control group was 46. 7 and 46. 9 y respectively. The frequency of male and female in case group was 16. 7 and 83. 3%; while in control group was 30 and 70% (P=0. 593). Pain intensity was significant lower in case group relative to control group at 0، 1، 2، 4، 8، 12 and 24 hr (P=0. 001). The first request time for opioids and rate of using opioid after surgery were significantly different in cases and controls (P<0. 01).

According to this finding، it seems that intraperitoneal bupivacaine is useful for pain reduction after surgery.

Despite numerous reports that it is not necessary to use drains after thyroidectomy, the drains are still used routinely. The study aim to compare thyroid surgery complications with and without drains appliance. A prospective study was conducted, 66 patients who were candidate for thyroid surgery (total- subtotal thyroidectomy and thyroid lobectomy) divided into 2 groups. Each group was randomized into «drain» and «non drain» subgroup. Some indicators were investigated such as primary thyroid size, fluid collection in thyroid bed (early and late), hospital stay, change in voice, dysphagia, wound infection, hematoma, seroma, and change in plasma calcium level. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test and Student’s T test. Duration of hospitalization in the patients without drains and received drain group were 2. 3 and 3 days, respectively (p<0. 02) There was not a significant difference between two groups (p>0. 05) of fluid collection in thyroid bed and the incidence of other complications after surgery Routine use drains usage after thyroid surgery may not be necessary. However thyroidectomy without drains may be safe and effective method.