فهرست مطالب mehdi etemadi

Climate change led to reduced agricultural production and income in recent years. Farmers in Iran are very vulnerable to climate change such as drought and depletion of water resources. Despite the increasing vulnerability and poverty of farmers as a result of the spread of climate change, adopting climate-smart agricultural strategies have not been sufficiently implemented by Iranian farmers. In this study, the factors affecting the adoption of climate-smart agricultural strategies to climate change in Fars province were evaluated. Data were collected through a questionnaire from 443 farmers during the years 2019-2020 in four different climatic regions of Fars province. Accordingly, farmers' climate-smart agricultural strategies were estimated in three groups: Nutrient and Water-smart strategies, conserving or enhancing soil fertility-smart strategies, and a combination of these two segmentation strategies and a multinomial logit model to examine the factors affecting the acceptance of these strategies. Reviewing the existing literature, the factors affecting the adoption of climate-smart agricultural strategies including household characteristics, farm characteristics, socio-economic characteristics, social capital characteristics, and psychological characteristics were defined. The results showed that younger farmers with more access to credit and higher participation in social groups, as well as greater awareness, beliefs, and risk perception of climate change are more likely to adopt climate-smart agricultural strategies. On the other hand, larger farm sizes and higher farm incomes guarantee farmers' participation in adopting climate-smart agricultural strategies in the region. In addition, farmers who adopt smarter climate agricultural strategies later will be less likely to adopt water conservation strategies.

Present research intends to look into the role of the strategic thinking in implementation of the EFQM model through organizational learning within the logistics department of the Ministry of Energy as well as the Ministry’s subsidiary companies. To do this, four hypotheses formulation are presented and tested. The present research is based on the three variables: the strategic thinking as the independent variable, implementation of the EFQM model as dependent variable and organizational learning as mediator variable. The current research method in terms of applied objective, strategies and data collection is solidarity, quantitative, and survey questionnaire respectively. In this survey, statistical society includes all managers and field staff working for the Ministry of Energy and subsidiary companies in the Iran with the number of 35324 persons, who are serving in 2015. Sampling in this study randomly with stratified kind and using Krejcie and Morgan table was designed for 384 people. Data analysis was conducted by applying the software’s such as SPSS statistical, Excel and Lisrel. The results of the proposed approach showed that strategic thinking and organizational learning both have a positive impact on the establishment of EFQM. Results of the fitting model indicated that the research data are fitting with the research conceptual model, so the model was verified. Based on the results of the hypotheses tests and given the fact that all the three hypotheses of the research were verified it was concluded that the strategic thinking directly and through the organizational learning affected on implementation of the desired organizational model.

Present research intends to look into the role of the strategic thinking in implementation of the EFQM model through organizational learning within the logistics department of the Ministry of Energy as well as the Ministry''s subsidiary companies. For this purpose¡ four hypotheses formulation presented and tested. The present research is based on the three variables: The strategic thinking as the independent variable¡ implementation of the EFQM model as dependent variable and organizational learning as mediator variable. The current research method is applied research in terms of objective¡ strategies and data collection is solidarity¡ quantitative¡ and survey questionnaire respectively. In this survey¡ statistical society includes all managers and field staff working for the Ministry of Energy and subsidiary companies in the Iran with the number of 35324 persons¡ who are serving in 2015. Sampling in this study is done based on random sampling method with stratified kind and Krejcie and Morgan table was designed for 384 people. Data analysis was conducted by applying the software’s such as SPSS statistical¡ Excel and Lisrel. The results of the proposed approach showed that strategic thinking and organizational learning both have a positive impact on the establishment of EFQM. Results of the fitting model indicated that the research data are fitting with the research conceptual model¡ so the model was verified. Based on the results of the hypotheses tests and given the fact that all the three hypotheses of the research were verified it was concluded that the strategic thinking directly and through the organizational learning affected on implementation of the desired organizational model.

HTLVI-1 is the first human retrovirus with limited endemic regions in the world. The epidemiological studies have shown that the genetic background and immune response to the virus have a significant role in HTLV-I-associated diseases. Among the genes are involved in HTLV-I infection, the role of human leukocytes antigen (HLA) have been studied in different population. In the present study we examined the association between HLA-DQB1 alleles and HTLV-I infection in HAM/TSP patients, HTLV-I carriers and healthy controls in north east of Iran, Mashhad. The blood samples of 16 patients with HAM/TSP, 20 HTLV-1 carriers, and 30 healthy individuals were taken and DNA was extracted by salting out method. HLA-DQB1 typing was performed using PCR-SSP method and the frequency of HLA-DQB1 alleles were compared by Fischer Exact Test. There was a significant difference between HAM/TSP patients and healthy controls in the frequency of HLA-DQB1*07 (P=0.004, RR=7). Furthermore, we found that possession of HLA- DQB1*02 or HLA-DQB1*05 increased the risk of disease 1.5 times. The data presented here suggest that both HLA-DQB1*07 and HLA-DQB1*06 are associated with disease development.

Provisions of the EUCP (2002) brings the documentary credit into the electronic age. Moving toward the electronic presentation of documentary credit will change the duties and responsibilities of the banks involved in the paper credit contracts. Although agent banks may be needed for the purposes of finance, risk-related purposes and political issues, such a change may diminish the banks roles. EUCP as a method of electronic payment has its own problems. This article examines the legal relations of the parties to an electronic letter of credit; its special cases such as electronic presentation of records (time and place of the presentation), hyperlinks, and changes in the electronic data in general and electronic records in particular, notions and methods of electronic survey of the records and etc.