فهرست مطالب mehdi ramezani

The existence of a military apparatus and militarism is of paramount importance in all states and governments. Therefore, most governments consider military forces essential for their national survival. The military readiness of any government emerging under the shadow of a powerful system is a fundamental element for national strength, stability, and the continuity of that system. Due to geographical and political circumstances, Iranian governments from the Sassanians to the end of the Alids required a strong military apparatus. The history of the Iranian army during this period reflects indicators of cultural, social, political, and military transformations, evolved in response to various challenges. The present research article seeks to illuminate the structure and armament of the Iranian army from the Sassanians to the end of the Alids. Findings indicate that due to the continuity and persistence of military methods from the Sassanian to the Islamic period, the Iranian army developed into an influential and adaptive institution during this period, playing a prominent role in military affairs and security preservation. Given the fundamental nature of the subject of this analytical-descriptive research in historical studies, the research was conducted using library sources.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the ecological aspects of urban plazas in order to improve energy management and preserve it in architecture. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical. In the descriptive part of the research, the subject literature related to the urban plaza and the ecological approach has been discussed. In the analytical part, first, 47 ecological criteria effective in promoting energy management in the urban plaza have been identified and then sent to experts and analyzed through the Delphi method. In the third stage, according to the results of the Delphi method, using the structural analysis method and Mic Mac software, 21 influential factors were identified and then the driving forces were extracted. The results include 5 decisive and influential driving forces including: symmetry and closeness of nature with human habitat with a weight of 653, use of renewable energy with a weight of 588, protection of landscapes with a weight of 588, integration of architecture and green space with a weight of 571 and the use of ecological materials with a weight of 555 are directly effective on improving energy management using ecological criteria. Also, 6 risk driving forces include: energy management with a weight of 641, thermal insulation with a weight of 581, use of smart systems with a weight of 577, use of solar energy with a weight of 556 and efficiency in the use of clean energy with a weight of 550 They are indirectly effective on the conditions of the plaza to improve energy management through ecological criteria. In fact, for energy management in urban plazas with an ecological approach, 5 main driving forces should be considered in locating and designing the plaza, and 6 risk driving forces should be considered as secondary factors. According to the results of the system analysis, it can be said that the way the variables are distributed in the scatter plane indicates the instability of the system .

Plants play a key role in the balance of ecosystems and therefore are vital for the sustainability of the environment. Any knowledge about the plant species of a region is considered the basic principle for other research and can be a starting point for future supplementary studies. Biodiversity is one of the important aspects of life, especially considering the climate and land use. Destruction of the environment and natural resources has caused the extinction of plant and animal species and consequently, the reduction of biodiversity in the world. Given that today humans are facing numerous environmental issues and threats to biodiversity, the best way to save biodiversity and understand its values is to continuously evaluate and monitor natural habitats. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating and analyzing plant biodiversity in the Plang-Dareh protected area in Qom province, as well as determining the endemism and conservation status of plant species in the area. The results obtained from this research can be used to explain the role of protected areas in the preservation and maintenance of genetic resources, environmental health and the development of appropriate management-protection plans. Palang-Dareh protected area is located southwest of Qom province. In order to make a contribution to the flora of the region during periodic visits, plant samples were collected in the growing seasons for two consecutive years. Any information about collected samples was noted, and the samples were pressed and dried. Plant species were identified using relevant Floras. In addition to determining the endemic and conservation status of plant species, the life form of plants was determined based on the Raunkier method and the chorology of plant species in the study area was determined using Zohari and Leonard classification. In order to evaluate the biodiversity of vegetation along an altitude gradient, the height (a.s.l.) in the study area was divided into three zones (1600-1900, 1300-2200, 1600-1900 meters). Systematic-random sampling was done from different altitude zone of the study area and biodiversity indices were calculated. Based on our results there are 171 plant species belonging to 126 genera and 46 families in the studied area. The family Asteraceae is the richest plant family in Palang-Dareh. In terms of life form, 45% of the species belong to hemicryptophytes and 22% to therophytes. The chorology of the species showed that more than 65% of the flora of the Palang-Dareh protected area belong to the Irano-Turanian chorotype and 12% belong to the Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean phytogeographical regions. 15% of the identified species are endemic to Iran and some plants are on the list of vulnerable or endangered species. The evaluation of biodiversity indices in different altitude zones revealed that the species diversity and species richness indices have reached their maximum in the intermediate altitude zone and the species diversity decreases with increasing altitude. Having comprehensive knowledge about the vegetation of an area is an essential and the first step in solving ecological issues such as biodiversity conservation, natural resources management and, assessment of environmental conditions. The dominance of a dry climate as well as over-grazing and unauthorized human activities have led to the high prevalence of certain plant species (known as indicators of destruction) and also therophytes in the studied area. Enjoying diverse vegetation and suitable natural habitats, protected areas have an essential role in biodiversity conservation. Based on our results some endemic plants of the area have vulnerable or endangered conservation status so that, more precise conservation plans should be put on the agenda.

In many microgrid control methods, the output information of sensors and actuators of neighbouring distributed generators (DGs) is used to stabilize and synchronize voltage and frequency. Many problems such as disturbances, uncertainty, unmodeled dynamics, cyber-attacks, noise, time delay, and measurement errors cause invalid data problems and errors in the system. Better microgrid control depends on the quality of data measured or sent from the output of sensors and actuators. In this paper, according to the advantages of the Cooperative distributed hierarchical control, it is used for control and synchronization in the islanded microgrid with the presence of sensor and actuator error. To synchronize DGs with multi-agent systems and communication channels, it is modeled with graph theory. To stabilize and synchronize, sensor and actuator error in the DG model is mathematically formulated. In the proof of stability and synchronization, the appropriate Lyapunov candidate is presented and the conditions of stability and synchronization are proved. Finally, to show the effectiveness of the designed controller in solving communication channel problems and verifying the presented theory, a case study is simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink software environment with the presence of error and cyber-attack of sensors and actuators.

Grinding in a ball mill is a process with high energy consumption; therefore, a slight improvement in its performance can lead to great economic benefit in the industry. The softness of the product of the grinding circuits prevents loss of energy in the subsequent processes. In addition, controlling the performance of a ball mill is a challenging issue due to its complex dynamic characteristics. The main purpose of this article is to use the ground particle size diagram and acoustic signal in ball mill control, and model their relationship based on least squares method. As a result, by extracting useful data from the the acoustic signal, the optimal condition of the ball mill_ in terms of ground particle size and ball mill load (normal, low, high)_ can be achieved. In doing so, this goal, in this article, innovative ideas such as adaptive quantum basis, sparse representation, SVD and PCA-based methods were used. The proposed method has been practically implemented on the ball mill of Lakan lead-zinc processing plant. Also, a prototype of the device was built. The test results show that the optimal load for the studied ball mill is 10t/h. In this case, the ground particle size is 110-120 microns which is ideal for the purposes of this plant. Also, the power spectrum is in the middle frequency band (frequency range of 300-700 Hz). According to the analysis and results, the proposed method will increase the efficiency of the studied ball mill.

‎In this paper‎, ‎we investigate an improved method for stabilizing a class of uncertain chaotic nonlinear dynamical system‎. ‎Our approach follows techniques of optimal principle for time-delayed feedback control and adaptive tracking control theory for stabilizing unstable periodic orbits in a chaotic bounded attractor‎. ‎The uncertain parameters expressed in the system can be separated‎. ‎Analysis and proof are presented using the Lyapunov stability theorem‎. ‎In particular‎, ‎we use the adaptive control theory to design an adaptive law for the estimation of uncertain time-delayed controlled chaotic nonlinear dynamical systems‎. ‎The predictions are presented by numerical simulation through the Rossler system to demonstrate theoretical results‎.

The architecture of Sasanian era is, in fact, continuation and development of Parthian architecture and, at the same time, reminiscent of Achaemenid architecture. By the formation of Sasanian empire, Iran’s society began to thrive, and by articulation of a precise, effective plan regarding urban development, architecture, and industrialization of the society, it absorbed the attention of civilized Roman and Hellenistic world. The culture and art of Sasanian followed those of Achaemenid and Parthian. Sasanians tried to catch up with the Achaemenid culture. They showed their hegemony relative to prior eras in the arts of architecture, sculpture, plastering, and building domical arches as well as pillarless, vast halls. In architecture, reliefs, and sculptures of Sasanian era, differences and similarities, particularly in the topic and content, are seen compared to those of Achaemenid era. Sasanian dynasty founder, Ardashir I was the governor of Darabgerd, Pars before taking the throne and founded it and Gaur city, also known as Firuzabad, circularly based on the traditional architecture of Parthian era. In this article conducted with analytical-descriptive method, questions like “what were the building method, materials, and functions of buildings in Sasanian era?” and “what was its difference with Achaemenid architecture?” will be answered.

Reconstruction of geological images using partial measurement is one of the most important topics in geosciences. In many methods, this is done using training images and very complex models which increase the computational complexity. In the first part of the article, a simple method based on spatial domain filters such as median and mean filter has been presented to reconstruct geological images. One of the most significant characteristics of this method is that it does not need the training image; moreover, its computational complexity is less than the other advanced methods. Via this method, it is easy to reconstruct binary, continuous, and three-dimensional images. The results show that the reconstruction accuracy of the proposed method is also acceptable. In the second part of the article, to introduce quantum computing to geosciences and encourage researchers to work on this issue, a quantum median filter is proposed to reconstruct geological images. According to the results, this method has much less computational complexity than classical methods such as DS. Also, its results are acceptable in terms of reconstruction rate. Due to the high speed of quantum algorithms and the widespread use of quantum computers in the near future, researchers in this field must become more familiar with quantum computing.

Emissions of carbon dioxide from cities have increased significantly in the last few decades with rapid urbanization. It is an important scientific question to what extent carbon dioxide emissions from urban activities can be offset by maintaining or increasing carbon sequestration in and around urban areas. Although natural terrestrial ecosystems absorb some of the emitted carbon dioxide, the long-term sustainability of these ecosystems is affected by their biodiversity status. In this study, using the data obtained from field surveys, field and laboratory measurements, the carbon sequestration capacity of vegetation on the northwestern outskirts of Tehran was estimated. Identification of biomass relationships with diversity, richness and uniformity indices was also assessed by Pearson correlation test. The results showed that the diversity index of Simpson and Shannon Wiener was normal and their distribution was symmetric. In the study of Ghana indices, both Margalf and Mannich indices had a normal distribution. The Hill uniformity index distribution was not normal but the Pete uniformity index had a normal distribution. Investigation of the relationship between vegetation topsoil and study indices showed that between Simpson diversity index (n=37, P<0.039, and r=66.91%), Shannon-Wiener diversity (n=38, p<0.033, and r=53.58%). Ghana Margalf (P<0.033, n=38, r=21.52%), Ghana Manichae (P<0.035, n=38, r=19.71%), Peat uniformity (P<0.010, n=38, r=17.36%) There is a significant and positive relationship with terrestrial biomass. The conditions and structure of vegetation on the outskirts of cities can indicate the status of carbon sequestration in the region and the amount of carbon sequestration of such ecosystems is directly affected by the indicators of diversity, richness and uniformity of vegetation.

Today, in many control methods, neighboring system information is used for better control and synchronization between different units, and therefore, in the access and transmission of information through communication links, problems such as disruption, uncertainty, noise, delay, and cyber-attacks occur. In this paper, the effect of the Denial of Service (DoS) cyber-attack on the microgrid in island mode is investigated and a cooperative distributed hierarchical controller is designed with the presence of this cyber-attack. Distributed Generations (DGs) have been analyzed with the help of multi-agent systems and the communication network between them using graph theory. The effects of the DoS cyber-attack on the model of DGs are mathematically formulated and in proving the stability and synchronization of frequency and voltage, the suitable Lyapunov function is presented and the stability analysis of DGs against these cyber-attacks is performed and the stability and synchronization conditions of DGs are proved. To confirm the proposed theoretical issues, a case study model is simulated despite the DoS attack on the communicative links in Matlab Simulink, and the results show the performance of the designed controller in different conditions.

Generally, in most applications of engineering, the parameters of the mathematical models are considered deterministic. Although, in practice, there are always some uncertainties in the model parameters; these uncertainties may be made wrong representation of the mathematical model of the system. These uncertainties can be generated from different reasons like measurement error, inhomogeneity of the process, chaotic behavior of systems, etc. This problem leads researchers to study these uncertainties and propose solutions for this problem. The iterative analysis is a method that can be utilized to solve these kinds of problems. In this paper, a new combined method based on interval chaotic and iterative decomposition method is proposed. The validation of the proposed method is performed on a chaotic Rossler system in stable Intervals. The simulation results are applied on 2 practical case studies and the results are compared with the interval Chebyshev method and RungeKutta method of order four (RK4) method. The final results showed that the proposed method has a good performance in finding the confidence interval for the Rossler models with interval uncertainties; the results also showed that the proposed method can handle the wrapping effect in a better manner to sharpen the range of non-monotonic interval.

The MSRT, as one of the key players in science and technology in Iran, has engaged in international cooperation as one of the most important features of its subordinate institutions. One of the projects that has been implemented since 2016 with the aim of organizing international cooperation. According to it, some educational centers have been designated as "references for international cooperation" . The present study, while reviewing the performance, was conducted with the aim of providing a model for improving the current situation in the field of international scientific cooperation of the MSRT. Globalization, the international network system, and structure-agent theory are the three vertices of the triangle on which the paper's theoretical foundations are based. The research method is a combination of documentary study methods, comparative study, case study, interview and panel of experts. Based on the challenges identified in the four policy areas, intra-ministerial, extra-ministerial and operational, three strategies based on "maintaining the status quo and improving it", "changing the status quo and eliminating national authorities" and "returning to the status quo ante" are designed and exposed. Experts evaluated and consulted. The result is that maintaining and improving the status quo has been identified as the final solution and a set of policy solutions has been proposed to improve it. These solutions are presented at two levels: solutions at the level of policy-making and governance of national authorities, and solutions at the level of operations of national authorities. Below each level is a set of policy strategies.

Persian classical literature texts are among the prominent manifestations of Iran cultural heritage, in which careful and scholarly reflection can expose to the audience unread angles of the text and Iranian thought. To achieve such a goal, one must have a more rigorous form of these texts more than anything else; because the passing of time may have caused forgetfulness, neglect, deletion, displacement and even metamorphosis on their texture and construction for various reasons. As a result, it has offered different and even sometimes readings contradictory to some aspects of these texts, which in few cases, has puzzled and sometimes confused the audience. So, due to this necessity, we read some leading texts emphasizing different versions and special points related to backgammon and chess. We used a descriptive-analytical method and reread the texts in an inductive manner critically. In reread evidence, while defending all the wise efforts made, we got different obvious manifestations, taste perceptions, unusual distortions, my suggestions, etc., and shared these with the audience. The important and at the same time sad point is that most of these misreadings and early my readings have been transferred to later commentators' writings, which has made it difficult for audiences, even educated ones, to read the texts. We hope this study, with some suggestions, take a step towards correcting some errors found in the texts.

This study was conducted to evaluate the ability to grow and reduce water salinity by quinoa and wheat plants in greenhouse and hydroponic. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included 4 salinity levels of zero (control), 5, 10 and 15 dS / m and two species of wheat and quinoa. In this study, traits such as total plant dry weight, accumulation of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and total plant chlorine and the efficiency of water uptake by plants were measured. The results of this study showed that quinoa has more ability to absorb and accumulate elements than wheat and is a plant resistant to salinity stress. The results showed that the concentrations of sodium, chlorine and magnesium per plant (5.48, 10.12 and 1.12 g for wheat and 10.76, 11.65 and 2.66 g for wheat, respectively). Absorption efficiency of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from water (12.28%, 11.30% and 20.22% for wheat and 23.12%, 14.60% and 24.79% for quinoa, respectively). The results also showed that the amount of sodium, chlorine and magnesium accumulated in the plant and the efficiency of phytodesalination of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from saline water significantly increased with increasing in salinity for both wheat and quinoa. In the case of calcium and potassium bioaccumulation and phytodesalination efficiency decreased with increasing salinity. As a result, quinoa showed a significant bioaccumulation efficiency in dry weight production, compared to wheat, so it can be considered as an alternative plant for cultivation in salinity and dry climate conditions.

In recent years, with the expansion of the Internet in the country, public access to cyberspace has greatly expanded to cover all cities and many villages in the country; But cyberspace, due to its breadth and availability, the ignorance of the perpetrator of the crime, its high speed, the existence of unfamiliar victim syndicates and the lack of adequate supervision in this regard, has provided the ground for committing many crimes. This study examines the crimes of "threat" and "insult" in cyberspace and analyzes Iran's criminal policy on these crimes. The results of the investigation, after reviewing the laws, regulations and judicial procedure, show that the existing enforcement guarantees do not have sufficient deterrent capability and do not have the capacity to cover the relevant crimes; As a result, given the growing prevalence of cybercrime and the need for coordinated action by criminal lawmakers in this regard, we need to develop existing laws and new criminalization. The main focus of this article will be the analysis and critique of Iran's criminal policy against the crimes of "insult" and "threat" in cyberspace.

The popular texts of ancient Persian poetry and prose constitute a part of Iran's cultural heritage. Familiarity with different aspects of this cultural heritage depends on accessing valid forms and explanations with no distortion.Referring to invalid copies and explanations of such works means distancing their original form, and consequently, alienating them from the manifestations of cultural heritage. Among such texts are the works of Khaghani and Nizami. Various scholars have tried to take a step towards unraveling some verbal and semantic aspects. They have sometimes been successful and sometimes made erroneous interpretations. In the present study, using the descriptive-analytical method based on induction, a critical reading of some academic explanations of Khaghani and Nizami’s poems focusing on chess and backgammon game terms and their accessories and the correct or approximately correct and accurate description of the contents is attempted. The results of the study show that some commentators, facing the combinations and terms of these two games, have either ignored the past or have not understood the essence of the problem. So, they have  made unjustified  interpretations. It is worth noting that because the authors’ aim has been a critical re-reading of such explanations, we have been forced to show disproportionate and unjustifiable aspects of the interpretations made in them.

Poets and writers derive parts of their work materials from the intellectual, cultural, social, and religious capacities existing in the society, surroundings, and special natural features. Old games are among the topics of interest to poets in the field of Persian language and literature. The presence of elements and symbols related to games  in poetic and prose texts could easily be observed asthere are few poets whose poems are free of such references. This issue can be justified for two reasons. The first reason is that although these games were initially reserved for the aristocracy and the elite, they gradually became public ones, and almost everyone became familiar with them, especially poets who, due to their affiliation with the courts, were given more and more opportunities to get acquainted with such games. The second reason could be found in literary traditions. From the beginning of Persian poetry, similes, metaphors, and interpretations related to these games and their rules have found a place in the poets’ mind and language and caused their descendants, even if they had not played polo, backgammon, and chess get familiar with these interpretations, terms, and metaphors due to following-up in ancient poetic divans. The frequency, variety, and beauty of using the mentioned games, especially backgammon and chess, and the terms related to them in the surviving literary works, occupy the mind of any interested reader and encourage him to clarify the reasons for  using them. The present studyintends to analyze some explanations of these two poets’ works in the field of backgammon and chess game terms and their accessories with the aim of  better understanding of such texts. help better understand these texts.

In this study, some terms of these two games, including ‘Shahrokh’, ‘Shahpil’, ‘planning’, ‘hitting’, ‘overtaking’, ‘six-five’, ‘Farzinband’, ‘Ira’, ‘Kabatin’, ‘Ziad’, ‘Qaem’, and ‘three’ based on Khaghani and Nizami’s works have been examined.Reflecting on various explanations of Khaghani and Nizami’s Divans, the authors of this study found that the problems related to the content are more evident in them with the main reason being the stylistic features of these two poets.. By detailed reviewing of different explanations and presenting different evidence of Persian texts in this research, it seems that the following explanations are valid for the mentioned terms:- ‘Three-hitting’ or ‘six-hitting’ means giving (advance) to the opponent so that the weak one can equalize, and this is more to humiliate the opponent.- Sometimes, the opponent with a surprise move while culturing the king, also hits the face piece or elephant, and because the other side has no choice but to remove the cult, the face piece or elephant is easily killed. This surprise move, which can be done with any of the pieces and greatly reduce the opponent's power, is called ‘Shahrokh’ or ‘Shahpil’, respectively. Therefore, ‘Shahrokh/Shahpil’ is the ultimate skill in doing something and hitting the opponent fatally.- Considering Persian poetry and prose texts, including Khaghani and Nizami, as well as paying attention to the structure of the word Kabatin and other mentioned arguments, it seems that this word is singular.- The ‘face’ piece is different from the ‘castle’. That is why the face piece, like horse and elephant, signifies a huge animal; however, the ‘castle’ belongs to a place in the chess corner called ‘Hassan’ that the king turns it to prevent enemy attacks.- The term ‘planning’ in chess has two meanings. The first meaning is to design and prepare various movements, and the second one is to set aside a strong opponent that can equate one or more riders to a weak opponent mostly to humiliate the opponent. Most of the commentators have paid less attention to the latter meaning.- Farzin is the strongest chess piece after the king and trapping this one is a very difficult task and can only be achieved with Latif-Al-Hail. When Farzin is in this situation and does not find a way to escape, he hits and is eventually killed. By killing this piece, it becomes much easier to confuse the opponent; therefore, ‘Farzinband’ means the ultimate trick.- ‘Qaem’ in chess has two meanings: chess map and equalization.

The land of the Islamic Republic of Iran has always been coveted by powerful countries due to its strategic location which has happened in different ways throughout history. Unfortunately, each of this has been associated with the disintegration of a part of Iran and has put shame on the forehead of this nation's history. Although in most of the past wars, the people defended the country wholeheartedly by accompanying of the Ulema (the clergy group) and the issuance of the ruling of jihad, but in the end, a part of the homeland fell into the hands of foreigners. In the latest one to separate Khuzestan province from Islamic Iran, the unique defense of the people of Islamic Iran under the command of Imam Khomeini (as), during the eight years of the imposed war, despite all the problems and hardships, it insured the new-born Islamic Revolution and secured many of Iran's indisputable rights. Also, this resistance, while guaranteeing the independence and territorial integrity of the country, taught the oppressed and oppressed people of the world the lesson of resistance against global arrogance.  This study examines the most important factors in the victory of the Sacred Defense in comparison with the Second Iran-Russia War, and seeks to answer the question: What are the most important factors in the victory of the Sacred Defense in comparison with the Second Iran-Russia War? For this purpose, the present study has been done in a scientific way by using the view point of experts in this field and analyzing the collected resources.  To answer the research question, first the second Iran-Russia war and the sacred defense were examined, then the most important factors of defeat in the Iran-Russia war and victory in the sacred defense were evaluated. In the end, all the factors of victory in the sacred defense were analyzed by Delphi method. Findings show that trust in God instead of relying on superpowers, leadership and command of Imam Khomeini (as) and self-confidence of the Iranian people are the most important factors for victory in the sacred defense. The findings also show that the global arrogance at the present time is terrified to attack against Islamic Republic of Iran because of trusting God, the leadership and command of Imam Khamenei and the self-confidence of Iranian people

Microalgae are single-celled algae that have favorable environmental conditions such as temperature and long period of light as well as nutrients containing phosphorus and nitrate affect their abundance and distribution and sometimes cause health, environmental and process problems in water plant.

This study was carried out to determine the density and diversity of microalgae in the water of 15 Khordad Dam in two winter and spring seasons, in different areas of the dam at a height of one and five meters by sampling and identifying and counting based on algae morphology.

The results show that diatoms with (41.1%), binary algae with (32.5%), green algae with (23.2%) and green-blue algae with (41.1%) different microalgae. (3.2%) constitute the most dominant communities, respectively. In the samples taken from the entire dam, the dominant genus is Peridinium algae. The highest frequency was at one meter height in June and on the west side and the lowest frequency at five meters height was in December and on the east side (p < 0.05).

The results of this study will be effective in planning the operation management of different water treatment plants in Qom.

Health centers around the world are facing significant pressures to increase productivity. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of services and to create competitive advantages in these centers, we need to implement lean principles. The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the key factors affecting the implementation of lean thinking in the field of health services.

This research is a kind of applied-descriptive study that was conducted in 2019. The data collection procedure included a questionnaire, articles, as well as interviewing experts. The study population included 15 managers, specialists, and experts in the field of health in five medical centers in Isfahan. After reviewing the literature, 16 factors influencing the implementation of lean thinking in the field of health services were identified and the most important ones were screened using the fuzzy Delphi method. Then, using the DEMATEL technique, the internal relationships between these factors were investigated and the most important ones were identified and prioritized using the Analytic Network Process.

The results indicated that "active leadership", "infrastructure of health centers", "staff resilience", "clear goals", "investing money and time", " staff participation", "step-by-step approach", "training", "monitoring and executing audits" and "paying attention to the concept of team" are respectively the most important factors for the successful implementation of lean thinking in health services.

In an effort to achieve success in implementing a pure system, health care organizations must strengthen leadership, provide the necessary infrastructure, and ensure adequate resource allocation. Management already needs to have clear goals in advancing projects. In addition, a step-by-step approach as an important way to improve project implementation can help to accurately understand the process of implementing pure principles.

Calculation of biodiversity indices of urban birds in Tehran in order to better understand the environmental conditions and improve or modify seems necessary. The aim of this study was to calculate the indicators of richness, biodiversity and bird uniformity in Tehran as a case study in the parks of the city, Mellat, Jamshidia and Ghaem.

In this study, the birds were recorded by point counting and the indices were calculated using Ecological Methodology software.

A total of 3723 birds were observed in 40 species of 8 orders and 19 families. 75% of all recorded species belonged to Passeriformes and among them the number of House Sparrows. Although the Ghaem park had the largest area among studied parks, had the least species richness and diversity and was the most abundance. The Shar park the oldest Tehran urban park located in the densely populated of the city, with the highest richness and species diversity and the lowest abundance, compared to the other parks.

The birds registered in the studied parks were mostly owned by the Passeriformes and half of them were native to Tehran. The area of the above boats does not necessarily mean that the birds are more diverse. According to the findings gathered in Park-e- Shahr located in the city center, We found out despite the presence of dense texture, the suitable space existed, attraction and capturing the birds were observed. The results of this research can provide an opportunity to study the factors affecting urban biodiversity indices and help environmental researchers, managers and urban planners to design a suitable green space to protect biodiversity and attract birds as one of the health habitat indicators and improve citizen’s quality of life.

This paper aimed to formulate image noise reduction as an optimization problem and denoise the target image using matrix low rank approximation. Considering the fact that the smaller pieces of an image are more similar (more dependent) in natural images; therefore, it is more logical to use low rank approximation on smaller pieces of the image. In the proposed method, the image corrupted with AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) is locally denoised, and the optimization problem of low rank approximation is solved on all fixed-size patches (Windows with pixels needing to be processed). This method can be implemented in parallelly for practical purposes, because it can simultaneously handle different image patches. This is one of the advantages of this method. In all noise reduction methods, the two factors, namely the amount of the noise removed from the image and the preservation of the edges (vital details), are very important. In the proposed method, all the new ideas including the use of TI image (Training Image) and SVD adaptive basis, iterability of the algorithm and patch labeling have all been proved efficient in producing sharper images, good edge preservation and acceptable speed compared to the state-of-the-art denoising methods.

In this paper, a new interval version of Runge-Kutta methods is proposed for time discretization and solving of optimal control problems (OCPs) in the presence of uncertain parameters. A new technique for interval arithmetic is introduced to evaluate the bounds of interval functions. The proposed approach is based on the new forward representation of Hukuhara interval differencing and combining it with Runge-Kutta method for solving the OCPs with interval uncertainties. To perform the proposed method on OCPs, the Lagrange multiplier method is first applied to achieve the necessary conditions and then, using some algebraic manipulations, they are converted to an ordinary differential equation to achieve the interval optimal solution for the considered OCP with uncertain parameters. Shooting method is also employed to cover the Runge-Kutta methods restrictions in solving the OCPs with boundary values. The simulation results are applied to some practical case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Since two-wheeled and the self-balancing robot has a complicated and non-linear structure, its model has some uncertainties. These uncertainties cause that the system has an incorrect solution while using the classic methods for controlling of it. In this paper, a new method based on interval analysis is proposed for modeling the optimal control of the two-wheeled and self-balancing robot with interval uncertain parameters which require only lower and upper bounds of uncertain parameters, with no need to know about probability distributions. Since the system has uncertainties in it, controllability is first analyzed based on interval arithmetic. Afterwards, LQR based method based on Pontryagin principle is utilized to solve the problem. Finally, by solving the interval Ricatti equations, the confidence interval for feedback controller has been achieved. Final results are compared with Monte Carlo method and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Thyme plants are considered to be one of the most widely consumed herbs well-known for their essential oils and secondary metabolites. In order to evaluate the effects of temperature on antioxidant activity, total phenolics, agronomic traits and essential oil of two thyme species (i.e. Thymus vulgaris and Thymus caramanicus), a greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2015 with split plot in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results of this experiment showed significant differences between the two species and different temperatures in terms of the tr-aits measured. The essential oil percentage, antioxidant activity, total phenolics and plant height of Thymus carama-nicus proved to be more than those in Thymus vulgaris. The comparison of mean interaction effect for essential oil pe-rcentage showed that the value of this trait in Thymus caramanicus specimens treated with a temperature of 30°C was more than other treatments. The IC50 rates of Thymus vulgaris and Thymus caramanicus ranged from 24.37 to 54.43 µg/ml in different conditions and total phenolics ranged from 36.63 to 89.37 mg GAEg-1. In addition, the highest anti-oxidant activity, essential oil percentage and phenolic compounds were observed at a temperature of 30°C for both species.

Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) is used to reduce gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections, as well as control blood glucose and cholesterol levels in the human body. The phylogeny and genetic diversity of 22 different ecotypes of Ispaghula were evaluated using 12 ISSR markers and nine morphological and phenological traits. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among cultivars for all traits. Cluster analysis grouped 22 different ecotypes of Ispaghula in two groups using UPGMA method based on field data. The assessment of genetic diversity among ecotypes based molecular markers showed that the 12 primers amplified 91 polymorphic bands. The maximum number of bands (11) was produced by UBC813 and primers UBC811 with 10 bands were in the next steps, respectively. The minimum band number (4) was produced by UBC824. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value was varied from 0.26 to 0.45 and Marker index (MI) was varied from 0.90 to 4.13. Cluster analysis using UPGMA based on molecular markers, placed 22 ecotypes in the study in five groups, include 1, 1, 2, 3 and 15 ecotypes, respectively. Grouping of ecotypes with molecular markers was different with classification of the ecotypes based morphological traits. According to the results, ecotypes that are far apart can be used in the breeding program of Ispaghula.