فهرست مطالب mehdi sadeghi

 The polemical nature of the debate is an indirect education that always remains in the mind due to the special way of expression and the increase of arguments and metaphors.

 This research investigates the place of debate technique in Hamidi officials and its indirect training in life issues with descriptive-analytical and testimonial method.

 Judge Hamiduddin Balkhi consciously used this method to express moral, scientific, religious issues, etc. The debates of the Hamid officials are a reflection of the confrontation between two or more characters; Instead of describing the characters and the length of the speech, the author tries to introduce them to the audience with their words and actions.

 The author"s method in expressing the debate is about the fruitfulness, firmness and digestibility of words and the thinness of the meaning, and he uses a special precision in inventing the thought and its interpretation so that every phrase of the debate is related to each other in the frame of the verbal arrangement, and the grace and appropriateness of the words The speech moves towards the relevance of life issues and takes a step in the direction of educating the audience.

Nasser Khosrow"s travelogue, in addition to its linguistic and literary effects, is important from the point of view of "monograph". A monograph is a special method of active and passive research that belongs to the deepest group of longitudinal and multi-discipline studies such as: literature, history, geography, architecture, economy, social, anthropology, sociology, belief, etc. Today, this form of research is a suitable tool for transmitting various information to the audience in literary and scientific researches.

In this article, carefully in Nasser Khosrow"s travelogue using the method of analysis, analysis and description, this hypothesis is proven that this literary work is a rare example in the field of Persian literature and monograph of modern Persian literature.

Naserakhsaro creates a new transformation in travelogue writing with the most monographic features in recording and writing his objective observations. Having a deep attitude in travel and travelogue writing and achieving the characteristics of a monograph and using the achievements of science, he compiles information on the two axes of social and historical issues.

Nasser Khosro, with his travelogue monograph, is in the field of Persian literature, and is in constant influence. In order to write a monograph, he carefully interpreted a holistic view in the context of the complete fabric of society and interrelated the data like an organized building, and this has added to the importance of the travelogue.

In this research, we study the gravitational reduction of the wave function, which has been investigated in standard quantum mechanics. As a new look at the problem, we investigate the reduction of the wave function by studying the dynamics of the particle motion, which can be defined in the quantum Bohmian framework. In this regard, quantities such as the critical mass of reduction, reduction time, and reduction temperature, which are similar to the Unruh temperature, are systematically obtained.

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies and the most common cancer in female patients. In recent years, the clinical utilization of a class of drugs called poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors has been observed to be detrimental to cells that harbor defective DNA damage repair mechanisms. Implementation of these drugs entails a series of unprecedented challenges, including the development of drug resistance to this treatment strategy. Thus, it is essential to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the DNA damage response to maximize the treatment efficacy in breast cancer patients and minimize unwanted side effects. In this study, through the utilization of single-cell- and bulk-level transcriptional data, we set out to identify molecules and molecular circuits associated with DNA damage response in breast cancer patients. By identifying differentially expressed genes in single-cell cancer cell populations inherently different in DNA damage response, further clustering bulk RNA-sequencing samples based on the expression of these genes, and performing network and enrichment analysis at the bulk level, we have characterized breast cancer samples based on their DNA damage response. Moreover, we have been able to identify a central network module whose members can serve as treatment targets and yield further insights into the mechanisms of drug resistance and DNA damage response in breast cancer. Overall, this study contributes to the characterization of the transcriptional circuits involved in the heterogeneity of DDR in breast cancer and provides candidate avenues for the investigation of potential therapeutic interventions.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease and the memory impairment is the main prominent symptom of this disease. The hippocampus of the brain, is the first region that undergoes changes in Alzheimer’s. Systems biology tools such as high-throughput techniques, enable us to explore signature genes involved in disease initiation and advancement which can be considered as new therapeutic and diagnostic candidates in complex diseases like Alzheimer’s.

A total of 85 samples obtained from the hippocampus of the brain of healthy individuals and individuals with Alzheimer’s were selected from two datasets. Differential expression analysis was performed independently for both datasets and the results were integrated. Genes with the same expression pattern in the two datasets were used to construct a gene-gene network using the STRING database. The obtained network analysis was performed to detect key genes associated with the disease.

In this study, 73 genes with the same expression pattern were found in the two datasets. The obtained network analysis led to the identification of SNAP25, UNC13A, SYN2 and AMPH as key genes connected with Alzheimer’s disease.

The role of the reported key genes in endocytosis, neurotransmitters release and synaptic vesicle cycle facilitate proper functioning of memory. Expressional changes and mutations in each of these genes effect other pathways and lead to Alzheimer’s. Thus, the key genes reported in this study, can be considered as potential markers in developing diagnostic and therapeutic methods for Alzheimer’s.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral disease that mostly affects the respiratory system and leads to respiratory failure. Alongside, pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most important components in the management of respiratory system diseases and can rehabilitate persons after lung-damaged disease.

The present study aimed to determine the efficiency of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation in pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19

This simple randomized interventional study was conducted on 70 COVID-19 patients in Kerman, Iran. They were assigned to two equal groups of control and intervention. In the control group, patients received only routine post-discharge care, and in the intervention group, patients received home-based pulmonary rehabilitation procedures containing some movements to improve pulmonary function for four weeks after discharge.

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P<0.001), vital capacity (P<0.001) and these two parameters ratio (P<0.02), peak expiratory flow (P<0.001), in four weeks after discharge from the hospital in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group. Moreover, 6-min walk distance (P<0.001) was significantly increased, and the severity of dyspnea (P<0.001) was significantly reduced in the intervention group. As well, the number of patients with severe dyspnea decreased significantly (P<0.001).

It seems that our home-based program can result in a marked improvement in vital capacity and other pulmonary function tests, as well as a reduction in dyspnea after discharge. In conclusion, this rehabilitation procedure is effective in pulmonary recovery in COVID-19 patients and can be used as a treatment procedure for recovery in these patients.

Nowadays,villagers' participation in the rural affairs or in the other word, for developing the village areas is very important.These participations are one of the most part of the rural development.The main aim of this research is to evaulte the participation rate of the rural inhabitants and its relationship with the level of development of the areas. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical.The Panjali village in the Garveh city has been selected as the statistical population of this study. with the Cochran's formulas,258 families as the samples size have been selected.The Cronbach's Alpha coefficients has been used for the justifiability of the questionnaires,The alpha coefficients for this research shows 0.79. Statistical analysis of this research have been performed with using SPSS software and one-sample T-Test and Pearson correlation coefficient test. In the next step, the Route Analysis model has been applied for the investigating the effect of the components on the participation level.The results show that social factor with 0.855 overall effect, is on the first rank, economic factor with 0.555 is on the second rank and environmental factor with 0.449 is in the last ranking of this research.The one sample run test has been used for measurement of the participation rate of the villagers.In regarding to this testing, environmental factor with 3.30 average and T Statistics 6.026 is in the first rank.The social factor with average of 3.15 and T Statistics 4.416 is in the second ranking while the economical factor with average of 2.90 and T Statistics -2.251 is in the third ranking.In the end, the Pearson correlation coefficient has been used to measure the relationship of participation and the level of development.In to according to that test, with the obtained coefficient of 0.998, it has been found that these two categories have a direct and significant relationship.

Breast cancer is currently the most frequently diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Researchers have been researching the best treatment for breast cancer. Their focus has been on preventing recurrence after the initial treatment of patients. Choosing the appropriate model for survival time analysis is the main challenge in the survival analysis of these patients. In this applied research, using graph-based semi-supervised learning method a new survival analysis model is proposed for analyzing the survival of breast cancer patients. Also, a dataset of 3833 patients with breast cancer who were followed up for 5 years was used. The clinical and pharmacogenomics information, including the results of Tamoxifen use and effect on the treatment of invasive cancer, was also available and used. To validate the proposed model, by introducing the evaluation parameters and simulation of the models in MATLAB software, the model performance is compared with previous models of survival analysis. The results demonstrate that by applying the proposed model in predicting invasive disease-free survival time and when a combination of the clinical and the pharmacogenomics features were used the estimation accuracy was 14% higher than when only the clinical features were used. Moreover, the estimated accuracy was 15% higher than when only the pharmacogenomics features were used. The proposed survival analysis model has a high capability for identifying survival risk and high accuracy in predicting patients' survival time.

Using artificial intelligence tools in pharmacogenomics is one of the latest bioinformatics research fields. One of the most important drugs that determining its initial therapeutic dose is difficult is the anticoagulant warfarin. Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that, due to its narrow therapeutic window and complex interrelationships of individual factors, the selection of its optimal dose is challenging.

Among the relatively successful methods of kernel-based estimation, comparison and identification of suitable kernels have not been researched. In the present research, while carefully examining this approach, different features of selection algorithms were analyzed based on expert opinions, and an appropriate subset of efficient predictor variables was identified for dose estimation.

In the current study, a dataset collected by the International Warfarin Consortium was used. The results showed that the support vector machine with a suitable kernel and a subset of the proposed features can successfully predict the ideal dose of warfarin for a significant percentage of patients with an error of approximately 0.7 mg per week.

The estimation was conducted using the least squares version of the support vector regression based on a suitable kernel and feature selection strategy. In this method, a better approach for predicting the optimal therapeutic dose of warfarin was presented, which can significantly reduce the wrong dose error and its consequences.

Zinc is one of the low consumption elements required by plants, which plays an important role in photosynthesis.
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of zinc sulfate on barley crop production and introduce the best cultivar affected dry and warm climatic conditions.
Current research was done according factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications in the research farm of Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (Ramin) in 2018. Treatment included four different concentrations of zinc (0, 15, 30, 45 kg.ha-1) and three varieties of barley (Sarasari 13, Sarsari 10 and Nimrouz).
By using 45 kg of zinc sulfate per hectare, the highest leaf area index (5.65) was obtained, which showed 31% increase compared to the treatment without zinc sulfate. Consumption of 45 kg of zinc sulfate per hectare, the highest chlorophyll index (46.8) was obtained, which showed 17% increase compared to the treatment without zinc sulfate. The highest seed yield and seed zinc percentage were obtained under the consumption of 45 kg of zinc sulfate per hectare, respectively (3325 kg.ha-1 and 54.2 mg.kg-1). Varieties had a significant effect on all investigated traits, except for leaf area index, seed and plant zinc content.
So that the highest seed yield was obtained in the Sarasari 10 cultivar with an average of 3327 kg.ha-1. By increasing the consumption of zinc sulfate fertilizer, the yield and zinc content of the seed increased. The Sarasari 10 cultivar showed better reaction to zinc sulfate.

In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) under water-deficit stress, a field trial was performed in a split-plot design arranged in completely randomized block design with three replications in the Education and Research Center of Natural Resources Safiabad, Dezful during the two cultivation years (2017 and 2018). Four levels of water-deficit stress treatments were considered in the main plots (25, 50, 75, and 100% of plant water requirement) and combined treatment of foliar application of ascorbic acid in three levels (control, 10, and 20 mM) and genotype including Omidbakhsh VC6173 and Partow cultivars as subplots. The results of mean comparison showed that the highest levels of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were observed in water-deficit stress of 25% water requirement and no foliar application of ascorbic acid. The highest activity of catalase enzyme was observed under water-deficit stress of 50% water requirement and no foliar application of ascorbic acid. Also, the highest activity of guaiacol peroxidase enzyme was observed in Omidbakhsh VC6173 cultivar under water-deficit stress of 25% water requirement and no foliar application of ascorbic acid. The highest glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in VC6173 cultivar under water-deficit stress of 75% water requirement and 10 mM foliar application of ascorbic acid. Results showed that dehydration stress significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes while foliar application of ascorbic acid due to its antioxidant properties reduced the effects of stress and thus reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes

Respiratory failure caused by pneumonia is the leading cause of death in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients; furthermore, anxiety and depression caused by this disease and its complications, as the most common psychological disorders might harm the mental health of COVID-19 patients.

This study aimed to look into the effect of a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (HBPR) program on anxiety and depression in COVID-19 patients (severe acute respiratory syndrome).

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 COVID-19 patients in Kerman, Iran, in 2021, randomly allocated into 2 equal groups of control (n = 35) and intervention (n = 35). In the control group, the patients received only routine post-discharge care, and in the intervention group, the patients received HBPR procedures based on the “Guide to Restoring Movement COVID-19 Protocol” by John Hopkins University, the United States, that teaches to patients after discharge. The Hospital AnxietyandDepression Scale was used to determine anxiety and depression status and scores before and after 4-week procedures. Additionally, the chisquare, Fisher’s exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare anxiety and depression status and scores between the 2 groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The median score of anxiety (5 vs. 14, P < 0.0001) and depression (6 vs. 10, P < 0.0001), 4 weeks after discharge from the hospital in the intervention group, was significantly lower than in the control group based on the Mann-WhitneyUtest (P< 0.0001).

This rehabilitation procedure is effective in the reduction of anxiety and depression in COVID-19 patients and their pulmonary status. Therefore, it can be used as a treatment procedure for mental recovery in these patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of planting date and plant density on eco-physiological, agronomic, morphological traits and yield components of two fava bean genotypes in Dezfoul region.

The experiment was conducted in Safiabad-Dezful Research Center as a factorial split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during the two crop years of 2017 and 2018. In this study, the effect of two Fava bean genotypes (Saraziri and line 62), on three planting dates (11 October, 31 October and 20 November) and at three densities (10, 15 and 20 plants per square meter) on grain yield, Harvest Index, stem diameter, plant height, seed protein percentage, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate and leaf stomatal conductance were evaluated. 

The results showed that the highest grain yield and harvest index were related to the Saraziri genotype Planted on October 11th with the density of 15 plants per square meter. Regarding the measured morphological and physiological traits, the highest plant height and chlorophyll content belonged to the Saraziri genotype cultivated on October 31th with the density of 20 plants per square meter and the highest percentage of protein, photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductivity was related to the Saraziri genotype cultivated on November 20th with the density of 20 plants per square meter. The highest stem diameter was related to the Saraziri genotype planted on the 20th of October with a density of 10 plants per square meter.

The results of this study showed that while reducing the growth period leads to a decrease in Seed yield along with increasing crop quality, to achieve the desired morphological characteristics and obtain good Seed yield in the Faba bean plant in Dezful region, Khuzestan province it is better to prolong growth period by planting on October 11th and the density of 15 plant per square meter is recommended.

In recent years, village development authorities have turned to entrepreneurial capacities, which can help remove major challenges such as unemployment, low income, economic non-diversity, etc. in rural areas. The present research uses a descriptive-analytical method. It collects data from library sources and field surveys (questionnaires). The statistical population of this research consists of 9 villages of the rural district of Panjeh Ali. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, Friedman test, Pearson correlation and Path analysis) were used. Research findings revealed that the villages under study have the highest capacities for entrepreneurial development in the individual dimension (mean rate of 3.25% and T statistics of 6.868, but no such a good situation was found for the rest of the areas. Friedman test results indicated the highest mean of entrepreneurial development related to the individual indicator (4.40%), while the lowest mean related to the infrastructure indicator (2.21%). Results of correlation between variables indicated a direct relationship between level of education and entrepreneurial development, as the said components decreased with the increase of the age. To examine the extent to which capacity dimensions affect entrepreneurial development, path analysis was used. Analysis findings indicated that the economic dimension had the highest effects (0.598) and the infrastructure dimension had the lowest effects (0.298).

One of the water pollutants is dyes that are widely used in the textile industry. The most important dye compound used in the textile industry is reactive dye. In this study, SBA-15/ZIF-8 nanocomposite was synthesized and used for the removal of reactive red 198 from aqueous solution. For approving the synthesized adsorbent structure, BET and transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques were used. UV−Vis spectrophotometer was used to determine the amount of residual dye in solution. The effect of different experimental parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature on the adsorption were studied. The optimum condition were pH = 2, adsorbent dosage of 0.03 g, and contact time of 90 min at 25 °C. In the studies performed, it was found that with increasing temperature, the amount of adsorption decreased, which represents that the adsorption process of 198 reactive red dye on the synthesized adsorbent SBA-15 / ZIF-8 is exothermic.

In order to evaluate the effect of methanol foliar application on yield and physiological traits of cowpea under water  deficit the experiments were carried out in the research farm of Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources, Research and Education (Dezful) along two crop years 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment was performed as split split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The studied treatments included water stress at four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% water supply of the plant) as the main plot, three levels of methanol foliar application (control, 10 and 20% by volume) as a secondary factor and two bean genotypes (1057 line omidbakhsh and Mashhad) were as a sub-factor. The results showed that the application of different levels of water stress reduces the relative water content of leaves, the amount of chlorophylls and carotenoids and increases the amount of electrolyte leakage and proline content. On the other hand, foliar application of different levels of methanol were able to reduce greatly the destructive effects of water  deficit so that the relative water content of leaf increased from 69% in control to 73% in 20% volumetric methanol. Also, 1057 line showed better conditions than Mashhad cultivar for all measured physiological traits and was better in ability to tolerate water deficit. In addition, harvest index and biological yield were reduced under water deficit condition, but grain yield at 50% water supply of the plant showed the highest value due to the earlier entry of the plant in this stress to the flowering stage and longer this stage compared to 75% and 100% water supply of the plant. Also, methanol foliar application was able to eliminate the destructive effects of water deficit on the measured yield traits.

Strongly coupled field theory can be described by calculation of η/s from fluid-gravity duality since this value is proportional to the inverse square coupling of field theory. This ratio should be larger than η/s≥1/4π and it is known as a conjecture in the literature. We calculate the ratio of shear viscosity per entropy density for a dilaton black brane in AdS spacetime. Our result shows that this bound is saturated in this black brane and the field theory dual of our model is the same as field theory dual Einstein gravity.

The modality of γ-aminobutyric acid type a receptors (GABAA) controls dorsal horn neuronal excitability and inhibits sensory information. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the GABAA receptor and the effects of its agonist muscimol on Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) neuronal activity in the Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain.

Adult male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g were used to induce CCI neuropathy. Fourteen days after surgery, muscimol (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg IP) was injected. Then, the behavioral tests were performed. After that, the animals were killed, and the lumbar segments of the spinal cords were collected for Western blot analysis of the GABAA receptor α1 subunit expression. The electrophysiological properties of WDR neurons were studied by single-unit recordings in separate groups 14 days after CCI.

The outcomes indicated the development of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia after neuropathy; nonetheless, the expression of the GABAA receptor α1 subunit did not change significantly. Moreover, the evoked responses of the WDR neurons to electrical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli increased considerably. Fourteen days after CCI, muscimol administration decreased thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and hyper-responsiveness of the WDR neurons in CCI rats. 

The modulation of the spinal GABAA receptors after nerve injury can offer further insights to design new therapeutic agents to reduce neuropathic pain symptoms.

One of the important activities to achieve drought tolerant cultivars is screening and selection of cultivars, based on yield and biochemical characteristics. A split-plot experiment arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications has been carried out in Safiabad Agricultural Research Center during two growing seasons (2017-19). The main plots are consisted of different irrigation regimes based on crop’s water requirement (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and sub plots include five levels of alfalfa cultivars (Baghdadi, Nikshahri, Yazdi, Omid, and american Mesa-Sirsa). Results show that drought stress due to irrigation regimes have resulted in a significant reduction of forage dry matter yield and considerable changes of soluble sugar, glutation peroxidase, and catalase in alfalfa leaves. However, it has not greatly affected total protein. For forage dry matter yield, the highest statistical class belongs to Baghdadi cultivar under 100% water requirement supply treatment (2.824 t.ha-1). The lowest statistical class for forage dry matter yield has been observed in Yazdi and Mesa-Sirsa cultivars under 25% water requirement supply treatment (0.598 and 0.546 t.ha-1), respectively. Among the cultivars, examined in this experiment, Yazdi has been identified as a drought tolerant cultivar due to the stability of dry forage yield as well as high leaf antioxidants content.

Pseudomonas is considered as one of the most opportunistic and pathogenic microbes. Due to its high resistance to antibiotics, this bacterium has also encouraged the researchers to introduced alternative therapies, including phage therapy.

Recognition of the family of phages affecting the family of Pseudomonas and evaluation of the immunogenicity of antimicrobial lysine are considered here.

Here, the physio-chemical features of the family of phages affecting the bacterium Pseudomonas was investigated using bioinformatic and immunoinformatic databases. The secondary and tertiary structures of the lysines and the capacity of antigenicity in the host cells were determined.

The results showed that the three bacteriophage families Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, podoviridae with more than 90% abundance had the highest frequency among the bacteriophage families affecting Pseudomonas genus. Analyses of the lysine sequences of each of these three families showed immunity in only half of the total amino acids with a numerial value of half of the threshold of the software for B cells. 1% of amino acids had a strong affinity for MHC molecules those subjected to T cells. Total resulting:Due to the low induction of the immune response by phage lysine protein, they can be a candidate as alternative therapies for antibiotic resistance.

The Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea was signed between all the littoral states of the Caspian Sea and put an end to more than three decades of debate and ambiguity in this regard. This convention defined the status of several issues including demarcation of each country’s territorial waters, banning the presence of the foreign military forces in the sea, cooperation to manage the Caspian’s environment, and most importantly, construction of energy pipelines based on an agreement between involved states. The latter has great potential for influencing regional energy dynamics, even in the South Caucasus, and an opportunity for Iran to receive a fair share of the scene. Though Iran looks like an equal country with others in this regard, due to severe US sanctions in the years following the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Iran's energy and geopolitical benefits have been circumvented and ignored. Today, countries like Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan have greater weight than Iran in determining the fate of the energy in the region. Russia and Iran are on the same side of the story. They both do not want to be cut off from energy transmission lines and allow small countries to make decisions. In theory, the convention is just a paper for Iran which only creates obligations, and unlike other states, doesn’t bring golden achievements for Tehran. For this reason, Iran is the only country that has not yet ratified this convention in its national parliament. In practice, but the convention moved forward Iran one step more and gave it more capacity to request its share from the Caspian energy market. The Islamic Republic now could say all obligations and achievements must be equal and be divided properly. In Geopolitics school, the liberals believe that states must take Geopolitics as a platform for competition and cooperation and pursue their absolute interests. Despite realists who believe that the interests of one state are relative and that the interests of one state mean the deprivation of another state, the liberal program can make progress in Iran's interactions with the dynamics of the Caspian energy. On the one hand, sanctions still exist, and Iran is like radioactive particles that no one wants to touch. On the other hand, it has gathered untapped energy potentials that they want to release. According to the liberal geopolitical version, this must be formulated in a precise strategy and the achievable steps must be determined. In other words, Iran cannot use an aggressive and subversive approach to other coastal countries, simply because it enjoys vast energy resources, a geopolitical position, or the signing of a convention in its hands. This article articulates that the Iranian foreign policy should be optimistic to other players of the Caspian Sea and tries to persuade them to consider Iran as a great player with legitimate interests in Caspian energy extraction, pipelines, and other issues. Tehran must remind that the basic principle of the 2018 Convention was cooperation which applies to all objective areas of the Sea, not just signing a deal. The first practical step under the aforementioned limits of Iran could be the allocation of a reasonable part of the Caspian pipeline's capacity to transfer Iranian oil and gas. This article has the necessary legal basis in the Convention, and in addition, Russia has stated that all decisions related to energy in the Caspian Sea must take into account the consent of all parties. So, if Iran couldn’t sell and transit some of its energy sources, it could easily spoil the Convention and other collective decisions.  Almost all Caspian countries are major energy producers with huge untouched reserves which make them unavoidable competitors for exporting energy to East Asia and Europe. Supplying Europe with its natural gas is a long-standing goal for Iran since the 1990s, but sanctions prevented the development of its energy infrastructure such as the study of new fields, building pipelines, and installing modern extraction equipment. While during the last decades, Tehran witnessed Europe’s efforts to diversify its energy imports via building new pipelines in the Caspian region and South Caucasus, today Russia tries hard to prevent these programs and even circumvent hotspots like Ukraine by launching the Nord Stream 2 project. Furthermore, the instability of the South Caucasus continues, as Russia and Turkey are pursuing divergent security and economic interests. The conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia, like a frozen conflict, has an unknown fate which at any moment could lead to an unexpected disruption of energy flows. In addition, to deepen synergy with the Caspian littoral states, Iran now could engage with Europe and the US to get waivers in energy export sanctions. At this point, diplomacy matters most. Iran needs to assure Russia that a limited energy export to Europe by Iran would not weaken its predominance in regional energy dynamics. The use of the Russian-dominated pipeline network and the acquisition of a limited market share from Europe should be considered as initial steps that are not intended to generate revenue. It uses the provisions of the Caspian Legal Convention to enter the world of northern energy.

Petrophysical reservoir properties are usually estimated from elastic properties such as acoustic impedance (AI) using petro-elastic models. AI data are only available at sparse well locations, especially in early exploration stages of oil fields and therefore to quantify the spatial reservoir properties, it is necessary to estimate the AI for the rest of the reservoir area. Alongside the deterministic seismic inversion methods, multi-realization geostatistical simulation approaches can be used for the parameter estimations and uncertainty quantification. Geostatistical simulation methods allow the production of two- or three dimensional models of reservoir properties using existing well log data. Conventionally, sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) method is used because of its simplicity. However, its accuracy is not always guaranteed. Nowadays, turning bands simulation method (TBSim) has received much attention because of its capability to reproduce the statistical properties of the original data. The main principle behind the TBSim is simplifying a multi-dimensional geostatistical simulation problem into a set of fast 1D simulation problems. The simulations are performed along the uniformly distributed lines spanning a unit sphere using sinusoid functions.  In this study, we are going to generate 3D AI models in an oil field in SW of Iran via the TBSim. We will also compare the results with the AI data computed from seismic inversion. Geostatistical modeling has less computational complexity than seismic inversion. Although AI modeling cannot be used as a definite alternative to seismic inversion, it can be used as a primary method for estimating AI, especially in areas without seismic data. It also has the capability to be involved with some seismic inversion methods known as stochastic seismic inversion methods. The dataset used in this study includes AI logs of seven wells, one of which (known as test well) has been excluded from calculations to check the accuracy of the results. The study reservoir zone includes the Ahwaz sandstone member in the upper part of Asmari formation and also the lower carbonates. The lower carbonates of Asmari formation are separated by an unconformity with Jahrum formation. After constructing the structural model and upscaling the AI logs in it, 50 realizations of AI are generated in the gridded model. The results in the test well indicate a high correlation between the modeled values and real AI data as well as the model obtained by seismic inversion. The maximum correlation of AI values of different realizations with real values in the test well equals to 78.8%. The correlation coefficient achieves to 82.9 % for mean of realizations and is 72.8% for seismic inversion data. The cube of mean of realizations is also in good agreement with the seismic inversion cube and reproduces the dominant trend of vertical and lateral AI variations. Comparison of results histogram with real data as well as the seismic inversion data reveals the capability of geostatistical AI modeling in reproducing the statistical properties of original data. In addition, the results of the uncertainty analysis of produced models also confirm the reliability of these models, especially in the test well. Therefore, we would recommend the TBSim as a powerful method for AI modeling during reservoir characterization.

One of the aspects of literary activities of Saadi, the great poet of 7th century, is related to ghaside. Many years ago, when Saadi steps into poetry arena, odd has been reached perfection, and other poets with his same language were progressing. Saadi's poetry life is associated with the cadence of elegy and his tendency is more to lyrics. In this research we are going to show Saadi's art in this little arena. We look up his adds according to linguistic Persian concern. He speaks as a brevity language. At the same time his words are clear and without ambiguity. Subtle language is as a result of Iraqi style. In which the oldness of inflexions and syntax has been seen less in old coordinates complicated of odds language. Saadi enlists soft words in his odds and he doesn't have any tendency in abbreviation language. Mystical themes with its words and terms has been seen same as singular or merged in his odds. Sometimes we find colloquial language and words in his literatures. Syntactic techniques which cause eloquericy in his lyric poems has been seen in his odd and meter of his poems has become soft and consistent. Consonants and vowels in his odds can pronounced easily and nothing will be diminished in his poems. In this opportunity we look up Saadi's odds in 3 levels of phonetics, lexical and syntactic based on descriptive and analytic method and with the use of statistical table that we try to clear the subject

The aim of this study id analysis the effect of methanol foliar application on the physiological traits of beans genotype under water deficit stress as a split plot design was conducted in a randomized complete block design in Safiabad Dezful Agricultural Research and Natural Resources and Center in 2018 and 2019 years. Water deficit stress was the main plots include four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% of plant water requirement) and combined foliar aplication of methanol including 3 levels (control, 10 and 20%) and genotype treatment including two cultivars omidbakhsh 1057 And Mashhad was in sub-plots. The results showed that the interaction of water deficit stress and foliar application of methanol on ion leakage, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, leaf soluble carbohydrates and proline grains was significant at the 1% probability level. The lowest amount of ionic leakage observed under the interaction of 100% water deficit stress and 10% foliar aplication of methanol (25/23 μmos/cm) and The highest amount of ion leakage under the interaction of 25% water deficit stress and the without foliar aplication of methanol (control) (42.25 μmos/cm). The highest amount of chlorophyll a was observed in line 1057 under the 100% water deficit stress and 20% foliar aplication of methanol (0.19 µmol.g-1 FW). The highest concentration of carotenoids in line 1057 under the treatment of 100% water deficit stress (0.19 µmol.g-1 FW) and the highest amount of soluble carbohydrates under the treatment of 100% water deficit stress and 20% foliar aplication of methanol (50.83 µmol.g-1 FW) was observed.

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown an increased CAD risk associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SWAP70 (rs10840293) and Rest- NOA1 (rs17087335). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rs10840293 and rs17087335 polymorphism with coronary artery disease in the Iranian population.

This study was a case-control study with the case-base sampling method for the control group. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood collected from 150 patients with CAD and 150 healthy controls. Polymorphisms were genotyped by Taq-Man technology. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.

The genotype frequency distribution did not deviate significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Allelic frequencies and genotype distributions of rs10840293 and rs17087335 did not show statistical significance between patients with POAG and control subjects (P<0.05).

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the association between SWAP70 and RestNOA1 gene polymorphisms and CAD in an Iranian population. Our data suggest that rs1533428 and rs12994401 are unlikely major risk factors for CAD in an Iranian population.