mehdi shirafkan

In recent years, housing prices have enjoyed a significant growth in some periods, therefore, the extreme fluctuations in housing prices and their economic and social effects have caused extensive losses to households and the performance of other economic sectors and caused disruptions. It has been in the provision of consumer housing. Therefore, housing market shocks are of particular importance. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of mutual shocks of the housing price index and the volume of housing transactions in the provinces of Iran during the years 2018-2019 using the Jever method. So that the results show that based on the reaction graphs of the housing index to housing index shocks and transaction volume, the housing price index of all provinces except seven provinces have reacted more to the shocks of Tehran's housing price index than to the shocks of Tehran's housing transaction volume. Based on the graphs of the reaction of transaction volume to the shocks of transaction volume and housing price index, the housing transaction volume index of all provinces, except for eleven provinces, reacted more to the shocks of Tehran's housing price index than to the shocks of Tehran's housing transaction volume. According to the variance analysis charts of the housing price index, most of the changes in the housing price index of thirteen provinces are caused by the changes in the Tehran housing transaction volume index, and most of the changes in the housing price index in other provinces are caused by the changes in the Tehran housing price index. According to the variance analysis diagrams of housing transaction volume, most of the changes in the housing transaction volume index of fourteen provinces are caused by the changes in the Tehran housing transaction volume index, and most of the changes in the housing transaction volume in other provinces are caused by the changes in the Tehran housing price index.

The need for security and stability in different countries and regions of the world as a good platform for expanding economic cooperation and investment between countries and attracting foreign direct investment and it is important factor to attract foreign direct investment. The study uses data from 66 countries and spatial econometrics in the period 1990-2016 to study the effect of political security on attracting foreign direct investment. The best model for interpreting the results is the Spatial Durbin Model. The results of the estimates showed the variables of GDP, openness, and government stability had a positive and significant effect on FDI and the variables of exchange rate and inflation had a negative and significant effect on attracting foreign direct investment. Also, the spillover effect of the exchange rate variable was negative and significant on FDI, and the spillover effects of openness and government stability variables were positive and significant on FDI. The results of the study indicated that the establishment of political security is an important factor in attracting foreign investment and countries can be more successful in attracting foreign investment by establishment investment security. On the other hand, the spillover effect of political security shows that the more secure the region in which the countries are located, the more investors are willing to participate in these countries and invest there, and this factor is one of the important and effective factors on the investment flow.

Exports and imports are an important tool for developing countries to earn foreign exchange earnings. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of economic sanctions on Iran's trade with major trading partners in the sports industry and countries, including China, Turkey, Finland, Saudi Arabia, Japan, France, Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and also check the status of the economy Iran is under post-sanctions. In order to assess the gravity model and panel data is used. Countries in the group of countries that have trade relations with Iran are grouped downwards and upwards. Data based on information from the 1999 to 2012 period, and the resources of the Central Customs Data Center is the Islamic Republic of Iran and the World Bank. The results show that GDP, dummy variables prior period and current weak sanctions and prior period of strong sanctions on Iran's trade balance has a positive effect on the course. Population variables, exchange rates, variable distance and dummy variables of strong sanctions the current period's has a negative effect on the share of trade with major trading partners in the sports industry. Although investigation of the share of trade`s share variation in goods sports Iran with its trading partners by using E- GARCH method shows that weak sanctions have a greater impact on the variation of the share of those changes is still asymmetric. In other words, Strong sanctions of the current period have a negative effect on the share of business partnerships, and weak sanctions have a greater impact on the prediction of trade volatility in the industry.

Today, the economy and sports industry are concerned as one of the most important economic sectors in all countries, especially developing countries.Sporting goods exports has always been one of the topics discussed economic decision-makers in the context of sports economy. Considering the importance of this sector of the economy sports, this study aimed to investigate convergence of exported goods group during 1992- 2012 sports industry in Iran. The research method for the price pair is econometric generalized method of moments by using the Beta and Sigma convergence method in order to investigate the convergence of the grouping. Grouping goods including clothing, shoes, balls and sports equipment. The results showed that there is beta convergence in the sport of exported goods, the rate of convergence in this factor 0.674 is statistically significant and indicates that the speed of convergence. Also, Sigma convergence test results approved the existence of convergence and reducing the deviations groups are through time. This factor is also statistically significant. Considering the results of the beta and sigma convergence can confirm the existence of convergence in exporting sporting goods group acknowledged Iran during the period studied.

As one of the highest earning industries in the world, tourism industry can play an important role in economic growth. In this regard, although cultural indices (i.e. veiling and compulsory coverage, religion and common language) a s factors affecting tourism have been addressed as effective factors on tourism flows, low number of studies have been conducted on impact of cultural indices 1on tourism flows. Therefore, present paper investigated effects of cultural indices and exchange rate regimes on tourism flows among Middle East countries Includes Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Oman, Iraq, israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Qatar, Emarates United of Arabia, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Turkey. In this study method of systematic generalized method of moments was used to investigate effect of cultural characteristics in attracting foreign tourist of Middle East countries over the years 1993-2013. The results show that common religious and language positively influence the tourism flow while veiling and compulsory cover are along with negative and significant impact. Also, colonization, trade, gross domestic product, distance and exchange rate regimes and population provide positive and significant impacts while exchange rate has the negative impact on tourism flow.

The effect of exchange rate fluctuations on the balance of payments is very important in economic literature. Pharmaceutical is one of the sub-sections of the balance of payments.
By using vector error correction model, this paper seeks to identify the effect of exchange rate changes on the balance of payments by evaluation the existence of J-Curve in Pharmaceutical industry over the period of 1991 to 2012.
The results show the existence of J curve in IransPharmaceutical industrybalance of payments. It means that exchange rate appreciation has reduced Pharmaceutical industrybalance of payments in the first period but after a period it has increased Pharmaceutical industry revenues and improved its balance of payments. According to the analysis of variances of export and import functions the pharmaceuticalindustryhas highly been affected bychanges in exchange rate. 0.19 And 0.016 Changes in these functions have been caused by exchange rate changesand the balance of payments is more sensitive to changes inforeign income.The rate of effectiveness of the income variation is 0.25.
The increase in the exchange rate has improved the pharmaceutical industry trade balance of the country in the last periods of shocks. Also, changes in gross domestic product have had the greatest impact on the fluctuation of Iran's pharmaceutical trade balance.

Due to the nature of the assets in Iran, markets such as exchange rate markets are options facing investors as asset portfolio, with different returns. Usually, investors are looking for higher returns. By accumulation of investors on markets with higher returns, it is expected that the long-run returns of such markets be decreased, which leads to the induction of difference between these markets’ returns with other markets. This can be named as returns convergence of different asset markets. This study aims to also examine the returns convergence of exchange rate markets in Iran over the period 1999:05- 2016:02, using Nahar and Inder method. This method examines the returns convergence of each of these markets to the average returns of them. Based on the results, the returns convergence of Pounds, Yen, Australian Dollar and the Crone has converged to the average returns. But the dollar America, Euro, Real, scrambled, Canadian dollar and Swiss franc`s returns has not converged to the average returns. All coefficients are statistically significant at a confidence level of one percent.

Two complexity of inflation and unemployment in Iran caused economic and society problem. In this way gaining to level of unemployment is very important that in it Non-Accelerating Inflation. We call this level of unemployment NAIRU. In general we can said in order to remove the economic problem in employment section, we should try to decrease the rate of NAIRU not unemployment rate. In this letter in order to measuring the rate of NAIRU for Iran, we should use STM/UN way. This way they used time-series data in 1989-2007 periods. According to this research finding the rate of NAIRU to compare with unemployment rate has fluctuation, but from 2002 to 2007 was more than present unemployment rate.

Identification of relationship between unemployment and inflation in economic is important for economic policies. This paper identifies exact relationship between unemployment and inflation and investigates monetary policies effects in Iran economic with respect to Phillips curve (New classic, New Keynesian) and natural rate of unemployment and NAIRU in long run and short run for period 1338-1384.Therefor time series baste VAR method and structure baste OLS method have been used. In this paper filter Hadrik-Preskat method has been used for identification invisible quantities of expected inflation rate, natural rate of unemployment and potential product. Research result confirms new classic and New Keynesian theories in Iran's economic regarding adaptive and rational expectations, i.e. Phillips curve in Iran's economy has negative slop with those adaptive and rational expectations assumption in long run and short run.