فهرست مطالب mehdi taheri sarvtin

Fungal spores constitute a significant portion of primary biological aerosol particles, and large amounts have been identified in the air. They are present in the atmosphere throughout the year, and their concentration varies due to meteorological factors such as temperature, relative humidity, location, construction conditions, and vegetation. Exposure to airborne fungi has been linked with diseases such as allergic respiratory symptoms, rhinitis, asthma, and various infections. This study investigates the diversity and distribution of airborne fungal spores in Jiroft City, located in the southern region of Iran.

Airborne fungal composition was sampled from indoor, outdoor, and hospital air using the sedimentation plate method. Grown fungi were identified using standard mycological techniques, including determining macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.

A total of 230 colonies belonging to 11 genera of fungi were isolated from all culture media. Fungi were isolated from 53 (80.3%) samples. The highest and lowest percent of positive samples were found in outdoor (100%) and hospital (64.3%) air samples, respectively. Cladosporium (43.9%) and Aspergillus (36.4%) were the most common fungi isolated from the samples. Rhodotorula, Syncephalastrum, Paecilomyces, Mucor, and Acremonium were the least isolated fungi (1.5%). 

This study showed the difference in the diversity and distribution of fungi in different environments. Cladosporium and Aspergillus were the most common fungi isolated, which need to be considered due to their ability to cause various diseases.

Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a group of non-specific symptoms associated with the built environment, including mucosal symptoms in the eyes, nose, throat, and skin, and general symptoms such as headache and fatigue. Currently, more attention has been paid to the impact of buildings on the health and well-being of occupants, so SBS has become a global concern. Indoor microbial agents such as fungi are important in causing this syndrome. Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that occur in indoor air. Among the fungi, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Stachybotrys, and Penicillium have a significant role in causing SBS. Fungi can contribute to this syndrome in different ways. Thus, this review article attempts to investigate the role of fungi and how to intervene in these microorganisms in SBS. To this end, keywords such as: "air," "indoor," "fungi," and "sick building syndrome" were searched. Articles published in scientific databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, Elsevier, and Scopus were used.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated disease causing raised, scaly patches on the skin, especially the elbows, knees, and scalp due to systemic inflammation. The disease affects more than 125 million people worldwide. Psoriasis is associated with problems such as depression, reduced quality of life, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, lymphoma, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Psoriasis has a complex pathogenesis that is not yet fully understood. Many studies have shown the importance of the microbiome for the exacerbation of psoriasis. On the other hand, psoriasis and some other treatments can increase the colonization of some microbial agents in the body. Candida is commensal yeast that forms part of the natural microflora of the skin and mucous membranes. It has been shown that people with psoriasis are susceptible to candidiasis. In this review article, the causes of candidiasis, its diagnosis, and treatment in patients with psoriasis, as well as psoriasis aggravation methods by Candida species have also been investigated. To this end, keywords such as "psoriasis", "candida", " oral candidiasis", "cutaneous candidiasis", "vulvovaginal candidiasis", "epidemiology of Candida"  and "balanitis" were searched. Articles published in national and international scientific databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, Elsevier databases, Scopus, Science Direct, IranMedex, and SID from 2001 to 2023 were used. Oral candidiasis, cutaneous candidiasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and balanitis are diseases that affect people with psoriasis. On the other. This fungus may aggravate psoriasis through toxin production and activation of T lymphocytes independent of antigen presentation.

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a polymorphic fungus that exists as a natural flora in the skin and mucosal surfaces of the body. However, under certain conditions, such as immunodeficiency, mucosal damage, antibiotic use, and cancer, this fungus can cause superficial and systemic infections. C. albicans is the most common opportunistic pathogenic fungus in humans and causes 60% of mucosal infections and 40% of candidemia cases. Several pathogenic factors have been identified that contribute to the pathogenic potential of this fungus. Among these factors, we can mention: hypha production, attachment, and biofilm formation, secretion of hydrolase enzymes, acquisition of micronutrients, adaptation to oxygen and nitrogen deficiency conditions, and growth at temperatures above 37 °C. This review article will investigate the pathogenic factors of C. albicans and their regulatory factors. For this purpose, articles published in national and international scientific databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Elsevier databases, IranMedex, Scopus, SID, and Science Direct, were used. Keywords such as: “Candida,” “Fungi,” “Pathogenesis,” and “Virulence” were used to find the articles.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is humans’ most common erythrocyte enzyme defect. About 400 million people are estimated to be affected by this disorder worldwide. Antimalarial drugs, especially primaquine, and other oxidative stress, can cause hemolytic complications in G6PD deficient individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Kerman City in southern Iran.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 2016 to 2021. Blood samples were taken from all patients with symptoms of G6PD deficiency who were referred to a general hospital in Kerman City in southern Iran. The G6PD enzyme activity was measured qualitatively by fluorescent spot test.
A total of 6369 patients were included in this study. G6PD deficiency was seen in 424 (6.7%) subjects. Of 424 patients, 359 (84.7%) were severely G6PD deficient, and 65 (15.3%) patients exhibited partial deficiency. G6PD deficiency was seen in 324 (9.3%) males and 100 (3.4%) females (p < 0.001).
The results of our study confirmed the existence of G6PD deficiency in a significant percentage of patients in Kerman City. Therefore, many people in this city are exposed to hemolytic complications if they use antimalarial drugs and other oxidative substances. According to our results, testing G6PD deficiency and monitoring the potential primaquine toxicity in patients who receive primaquine are highly recommended.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a global problem and the most common cause of jaundice in neonates. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Jiroft city in southern Kerman.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 2016 to 2019. Blood samples were taken from all patients referred to Imam Hospital in Jiroft city in southern Iran. The G6PD enzyme activity was evaluated by a fluorescent spot test.

In the present study, a total of 7791 newborns were included. Abnormal activity of G6PD was seen in 779 (10%) subjects. Out of 779 patients, 728 (9.4%) were found to be G6PD deficient, and 49 (0.6%) exhibited partial deficiency. A relatively high percentage of G6PD deficiency was seen in newborns of Jirof city. We strongly recommend screening for G6PD enzyme activity in all newborns in this city.

Despite wide fight against malaria in endemic regions, it is still one of the most serious infectious diseases in some parts of the world. Primakin is effective in treatment and prevention of malaria. However, individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are at risk for hemolysis and its complications when taking primakin. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in patients suspected of favism in Qaleh Ganj, Kerman, Iran.

This study was conducted in 2020 and blood samples were taken from all patients suspicious of favism attending Shohada Hospital in Qaleh Ganj, southern Iran. The G6PD enzyme activity was evaluated by fluorescent spot test using a commercial kit. Data were analyzed using SPSS V23.

In this study, 235 patients (88 males and 147 females) were examined. Fifty eight people (24.7%) had abnormal levels (deficiency) of G6PD enzyme, 38 (65.6%) of whom had severe deficiency and 20 (34.4%) had partial deficiency. No significant relationship was found between sex and G6PD level (P= 0.96).

The study showed a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in this region. So, attention should be paid to this issue when prescribing oxidative drugs, especially antimalarial drugs.

Identifying meningitis-causing bacteria play an important role in selecting the appropriate antibiotic vaccine and reducing the complications of meningitis. The present study aimed to identify the most common bacteria causing meningitis in patients referred to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman.

In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients have participated. A 3-5 ml of cerebrospinal fluid specimens were obtained from each patient. Traditional and molecular methods identified bacterial agents.

Twenty-eight females and thirty-two males participated in the study. Bacterial agents were recovered from 33.3% of the samples. Streptococcus pneumonia (65%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10%), Klebsiella (10%), Enterococcus (5%), Escherichia coli (5%) and cocci gram-positive (5%) were the microbial agents identified in this study. In the present study, the detection rate of bacteria was low. Streptococcus pneumonia, especially the 18CFBA serotype, was the most common bacteria.

Vitamin D plays an important role in bone health, cardiovascular health, brain development, immune system regulation, mood regulation, and cancer prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D status and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Jiroft city, Kerman Province, south of Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, 5243 people were selected by random sampling during 2015-2019.  Serum 25 (OH) D level was measured by VIDAS 25-OH vitamin D total testing kits. Levels used for definitions were deficient, D3 < 20 ng/ml; insufficient, D3 20-30 ng/ml; adequate, D3 30-100 ng/ml, and potential toxicity, >100 ng/ml.  

The mean of vitamin D was 26.03 ng/ml and 24.19 ng/ml in men and women, respectively (p=0.003). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 41.55% and 51.7% in men and women, respectively. A significant relationship was seen between age and level of vitamin D (p=0.001).

The results of our study showed that vitamin D deficiency is common among the general population, especially in women in Jiroft city, Kerman Province, south of Iran. Serious plans are needed to improve the status of vitamin D in the people living in this region.

Cowchr('39')s milk is a daily staple food for many individuals that can be contaminated with many toxins such as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). AFM1 is a chemical form of the aflatoxin B1 produced by some species of Aspergillus genus like A. ochraceus, A. flavus, A. nomius, and A. parasiticus that can contaminate feed and forage cattle. This toxin enters into the milk after eating contaminated feed by cows. AFM1 can cause various dangerous diseases such as cancer and immune deficiency in humans. The present study is aimed to investigate the level of AFM1 in cowchr('39')s milk in Jiroft, Kerman Province, Iran.

A total of 90 cow’s milk samples were collected in spring and summer 2019 from available stores in Jiroft city. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure AFM1 in all cow’s milk samples.

In the present study, AFM1 was found in 88 (97.8%) milk samples with a range of 0.2-90.62 ppt (mean, 20.07±24.46 ppt). AFM1 concentrations exceeded 50 ppt (maximum tolerance level of AFM1 in the European Union) was seen in 12 (13.3%) samples.

The results of this study showed the presence of AFM1 in cowchr('39')s milk in Jiroft city. So, in this region, many people are exposed to dangerous diseases such as cancer due to the consumption of milk contaminated with AFM1.

Human breast milk is the primary food for newborns that possess all essential nutrients for their growth and health. However, breast milk can be contaminated with various toxins including aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 formed in the liver and excreted into the breast milk. This toxin can have immunosuppressive, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. The present study aimed to investigate the level of AFM1 in human breast milk samples from Jiroft (Kerman Province), Iran.

A total of 84 human breast milk samples were collected from lactating mothers who were referred to number one clinic in Jiroft from April 2016 to January 2017. The level of AFM1 was measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Aflatoxin M1 was detected in all (100%) human breast milk samples within the interval values of 3.2 to 8.8 ng/L (mean, 4.1±0.7 ng/L). The level of AFM1 in all samples was lower than the maximum tolerable limit (25 ng/L) suggested by the EU and the Codex Alimentarius Commission.

Although AFM1 is present in all human breast milk samples from the city of Jiroft, the level of this toxin is within the tolerable limit. Therefore, it seems that infants are not at risk.

Background and Breastfeeding plays an important role in the growth and development of infants. However, breast milk may be contaminated with various mycotoxins. Ochratoxin A is one of the most important mycotoxins with nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, genotoxic, and immunotoxic properties. Thus, we carried out this study to determine the concentration of ochratoxin A in human breast milk in Jiroft, Kerman Province, south of Iran.
Eighty-four human breast milk samples were collected from mothers visiting the number one clinic in Jiroft city. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect ochratoxin A in the samples.
Ochratoxin A was found in all the tested samples at a concentration ranging from 0.11 to 7.34 ng/ml. The mean concentration of ochratoxin A in the samples was 1.99±1.34 ng/ml. Fourteen samples contained ochratoxin A at concentrations exceeding the quantitation limit (3 ng/ml).
The results of this study showed that infants are exposed to ochratoxin A in our region. In cases exceeding the quantitation limit, the infant's body cannot detoxify the toxin. Therefore, the infant can be affected by various illnesses such as nephropathy, immune system deficiency, and different types of cancer.

Candida species are the most important fungal colonizer on the mucosal surfaces of human body such as genitourinary tract, oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Candida is the most important cause of fungal infections in worldwide. Candida infections can happen in almost any part of human body. Usually Candida species develops infection on mucous membranes but the fungi can cause bloodstream infection (candidemia). The Incidence of candidemia has increased significantly over the past decades. The purpose of this study was to review on recent knowledge concerning the risk factors, presentations and treatment of candidemia.
A comprehensive literature search of published studies from 1966 until 2016 in PubMed/MEDLINE and Iranian databases regarding candidemia was performed.
There are many risk factors for candidemia including: neutropenia, cancer, antibiotics, steroids, ICU admission and procedures. A widespread use of fluconazole is associated with the development of candidemia due to non- albicans species.
Candidemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality due to difficulty in diagnosis and treatment.

Psoriasis is an immune mediated skin disorder which is mainly characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. It is believed that Debaryomyces hansenii (Candida famata) can colonize skin and mucous membranesof psoriatic patients and exacerbate psoriatic lesions via toxins, antigens, and proteins. The aims of this study were to evaluate Debaryomyces hansenii colonization and its protein profile in psoriatic patients. Fifty-one patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 51 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Skin and oral specimens from all participants were cultured on the CHROMagar Candida medium. Isolated yeast like fungi were identified using the sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene. Debaryomyces hansenii proteins were analyzed using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate- Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Debaryomyces hansenii was only isolated from the oral cavity of 7.84% of the patients. The extracts obtained from various Debaryomyces hansenii isolates had 45 protein bands, which ranged from 18 to >180 kDa. Secretory proteins were seen only in two isolates, which ranged from 35 to100 kDa. Debaryomyces hansenii can colonize oral cavity of patients with psoriasis. In addition, various Debaryomyces hansenii isolates have different somatic proteins, which may have a role in provocation and exacerbation of psoriasis.

Airborne particles are a major cause of respiratory disorders of humans. Fungal spores are one of the most important in air that can cause allergy and infection in humans. This study was carried out to identify and measure fungal spores in indoor air and outdoor air of babol city in 1391.
In this study, 57 air samples (38 indoor samples and 19 outdoor samples) were collected by opend petridish method. Collected samples were cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar contain chloramphenicol and incubated at 27-30 0C for 3-10 days. Isolated fungal colonies were identified via macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.
In the current study, fourteen fungal genera and 1905 colonies were recovered. Airborne fungal concentrations in indoor air were lower than those in outdoor air. Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Yeast and Penicillium were the dominant isolates.
The results of this study showed that various pathogenic fungi are present in indoor and outdoor air of babol city.

Psoriasis is a common chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of T cells, monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils into dermal and epidermal layers of the skin. The prevalence of cardiovascular disorders in these patients is remarkably higher compared to normal individuals, which seems to be associated with the hyperlipidemia. This study was designed and conducted to investigate the serum lipid profile in psoriatic patients and its association with the severity of disease. MATHERIALS AND This case-control study was performed on 50 plaque-type psoriasis patients and 50 healthy individuals as control, matched for age and sex. Blood samples were collected after 14 h fasting. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol and lipoproteins were assayed using the standard kit (made by Pars Azmon Co. Iran). Certain parameters, including serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), were significantly higher in the case group compared to the controls (P < 0.001), while high density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower in the former (P < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant relationship between severity of psoriasis and serum lipid profile. The results have revealed the higher plasma level of lipids in psoriatic patients. This may elevate the risk of atherosclerosis, particularly cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, from the epidemiological point of view, screening psoriatic patients, particularly those with severe psoriasis, is recommended.

Coronary atherosclerosis is a common disorder of the arteries and may block the arteries and cause heart disease. Recently several studies have indicated a role of infectious agents in atherosclerosis and obstructive coronary artery disease. Candida species are normal flora of the human oral cavity and can enter in the blood stream and damage inner walls of coronary arteries by several mechanisms. Thus this study was done to compare the oral candida flora in healthy people and patient with coronary atherosclerosis. In this study, we compared oral candida flora in 90 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 90 healthy people. All specimens were obtained from oral cavity by swab and cultured on CHOROMagar Candida medium. Identification of isolated colonies was done by RapID yeast plus system. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test. In this study 55.4% (N=61) of patient and 44.6% (N=49) of control group had candida colonization in their oral cavity. Candida albicans was the most common species isolated in both groups. Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis were the most common non albicans species. Although no significant difference was observed between candida colonization in patients and controls, the differences between isolated colony numbers in patient and healthy group were significant (p=0.001). Hypercolonization of candida species in oral cavity may lead to invasion and enter the organism in the blood stream and damage the coronary arteries.

Background and Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by lesions covered with silvery-white scabs of dead skin. This autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. Prevalence of psoriasis in world populations is about 0.5-4% depending on the regions. People with psoriasis have an increased incidence of depression, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The exact cause of psoriasis is unknown, however, recently the role of microbial agents in triggering or exacerbating psoriasis has been considered. The main objective of this study was an overview on the role of microbial agents in psoriasis. Published articles in PubMed/MEDLINE and Iranian databases between 1961 and 2011 were reviewed for the role of microbial agents in psoriasis. The results of these studies were carefully analyzed. Microbial agents, especially Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida species, Malassezia species, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can alter the process of disease via change in the skin characteristic of patients with psoriasis. According to this review, it is believed that microorganisms are very important in pathogenesis of psoriasis. Microorganisms can lead to exacerbation of psoriasis via monocytes and T cells activation by Superantigens and secretion of various toxins.

Background and Psoriasis is a common chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disorder characterized by hyper proliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of T cells, monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils to dermis and epidermis. Prevalence of cardiovascular disorders is remarkable in patients with psoriasis compared to normal individuals. Psoriasis is believed to have associations with hyperlipidemia. This study was designed to investigate the serum lipid profile in psoriatic patients and its association with the severity of disease. In this case-control study 50 plaque type psoriasis patients and 50 healthy controls were evaluated in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2012. The blood samples were collected after 14 h in fasting condition. The serum triglyceride, cholesterol and lipoproteins were assayed using a standard kit. Some parameters including serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDLS) level were significantly higher in the case group (P<0.001). The high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly lower in the case group (P<0.001). We found a significant relationship between severity of psoriasis and serum lipid profile level. Results revealed higher plasma level of lipid profile in psoriatic patients. Therefore, to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease monitoring the serum lipid profile level is necessary in psoriatic patients.