mehdi tayebi

Given the significant relationship between muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle strength, the primary objective for athletes involved in resistance training is to enhance muscle mass and strength. Proper manipulation of training variables such as intensity, volume, frequency, exercise selection, rest interval, and tempo are essential for maximizing exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy. The present study examined the effects of weekly variations in resistance training on muscle thickness (MT) and strength adaptations in young men. This research included 30 participants (age: 21.37±1.37 years, height: 174.48±3.34 cm, weight: 72.13±3.45 kg). They were randomly assigned into varying training groups whose training routine changed every week (VAR) or traditional training groups that did not change (TRAD) for ten weeks. For the VAR group training weeks were labeled as adaptation, metabolic stress, mechanical tension, muscle damage, and de-load week 2 cycles of this change occurred through the training intervention for them, but the TRAD group training routine did not change through the study. Both the TRAD and VAR groups showed significant increases in the MT of the biceps brachii muscle (BB) (VAR: P=0.001; TRAD: P=0.007), significant differences were observed between groups (P=0.012). Vastus lateralis (VL) MT increased significantly in both groups (P=0.001), no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Among the groups, lean body mass (LBM) increased significantly (P=0.001), TRAD group showed a significant decrease in body fat (P=0.49), there was no significant change in BMI of both groups (P>0.05). Both groups showed significant increase in bench press and back squat 1-RM strength test (P=0.001). Back squat showed a trivial non-significant difference between the groups (P=0.072). The results showed that changing resistance training methods weekly was more effective than traditional resistance training for biceps hypertrophy. Nevertheless, the effects of VAR and TRAD exercises are similar in the case of the latissimus dorsi muscle.

In this study, the amount of mercury in the tissues (feathers, kidneys, liver and muscle) of two species of mousa Creecks birds( Egretta garzetta and Sterna Hirundo) were investigated. The results of this study showed that the concentration of mercury in the studied tissues is more than the effect of the feeding location and the sex of the birds. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the amount of Bioaccumulation of mercury between males and females and the common marine swallow (P <0.05). The amount of mercury in the feather , liver, kidney and muscle of male breastbearer is 13/5, 5.37, 4/67, and 2/36 μg/g , and in the female Stern hirundo was 12/45, 3 / 26, 38/06 and 1/2 μg/g and in Egretta garzetta male 7/16, 4/56, 3/28, 1/53μg/g , and in the male Egretta garzetta 6/36, 2/68, 2/16, 1 / 33 μg/g . The total amount of mercury in the tissues of the birds was as follows: muscle> kidney> liver> full. Total mercury . The average concentration of mercury in the swallowtail was higher than that in the Stern hirundo, which had a negative effect on reproduction and behavior, and its value was 12/97 μg/g .

The effectiveness of dialysis or dialysis adequacy is an important standard for evaluating hemodialysis patients. Also, measuring this standard is a crucial goal to all healthcare teams. Inadequate protein intake and catabolism can impact dialysis efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intradialytic isometric resistance exercise and supplementation with BCAAs on dialysis adequacy in patients undergoing dialysis. A total of 51 patients were randomly divided into three control, exercise and BCAA (EXBCAA), and exercise only (EX) groups and the number of the subjects in each group was 17 patients. The training program consisted of an exercise for arm muscles and another exercise for thigh and core muscles. Exercise sessions were conducted twice a week for two months (24 sessions). Dialysis adequacy variables were kt/v and URR and were measured before the intervention, four weeks after the start of the intervention, and again at eight weeks, which was the end point of the intervention. After the intervention, the kt/V and URR variables presented a significant difference between the two experimental groups vs the control group (P < 0.001). The group that received BCAA and performed isometric resistance exercise indicated the most effective improvements in kt/v (+20%) and URR (+12.5%). Results of this study showed that exercise during hemodialysis can increase dialysis adequacy of hemodialysis patients. Receiving BCAA’s can improve the adequacy even more.

Lack of attention to curriculum planning or reliance on traditional methods will limit the opportunity to use different methods of educational planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the three–semester planning for the academic year in the nursing course and finding out its weaknesses and strengths in medical universities. In this descriptive-comparative study, nursing undergraduate course planning base on its educational curriculum was compared in two different (two versus three semester) scenarios. In both scenarios, the educational time per week was 40 hours. According to the distribution of the number of weeks of education, the average educational hours of students in both scenarios were equal and were about 5 hours. The number of teaching days, exams, and inter-term holidays in the two-semester scenario is lower than the three-semester scenario and direct education of students in both scenarios accounts for only 50% of the year's day. In the trimester scenario, the number of course units were less and the teaching hours per unit was higher. The teaching staff activities in trimester planning had more balanced distribution versus semester planning. Recommendation of two or three semester planning has advantages and disadvantages that can be beneficial or inadequate for different academic disciplines and curricula on the basis of education and training potential of the universities.

Muscle wasting and protein malnutrition is a common problem in hemodialysis patients and has different complications such as a reduced quality of life, longer hospital stays, and higher mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of intradialytic isometric training on muscle capacity and serum albumin levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients.
In a clinical trial, 34 patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups: exercise group (EX) (n = 17) and control group (n = 17). The training program was conducted twice a week for 2 months (24 sessions). Forearm endurance, leg raise endurance, and grip strength were measured for muscle capacity aspect and serum albumin levels, which were evaluated before and post-intervention.
There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic variables (P and gt; 0.05). After the intervention, the muscle capacity variable presented a significant difference between the exercise group and the control group (P and lt; 0.001). As for the albumin levels, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.
The results showed that exercise during hemodialysis could increase muscle capacity and could be helpful for maintaining the albumin levels in hemodialysis patients.

Protein-energy malnutrition is a common problem in hemodialysis patients and has different outcomes such as reduced quality of life, longer hospitalization time, lower dialysis adequacy, and higher mortality rate. Investigation of dialysis adequacy is an important method for assessing hemodialysis patients, and improving the dialysis adequacy is an important healthcare team goal..
The present study aims to investigate and compare the effects of BCAA and ISO-WHEY oral nutritional supplements on dialysis adequacy..
In a clinical trial study, 66 hemodialysis patients were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (n = 22), Group B (n = 22), and Group C or the control group (n = 22). In Groups A and B, as prescribed and controlled by nutritionists and nephrologists, respectively, ISO-WHEY and BCAA protein powder were used for 2 months on a daily basis. For all groups, before intervention and 1 and 2 months after intervention, the dialysis adequacy was measured using URR and Kt/V. Finally, the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Base 21.0 software..
Out of 66 patients, 61 (19 in Group A, 20 in Group B, and 22 in Group C) completed the study period, and before intervention, all groups were equal in terms of quality and quantity variables (P > 0.05). After intervention, there was a significant difference between the three groups with regard to the variables of dialysis adequacy based on Kt/V and URR to independent-t test and repeated measures ANOVA (P Results show that the intake of oral nutritional supplements leads to an improvement in the dialysis adequacy of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, the use of nutritional supplements along with patient's training and regular consultation will be helpful in improving the nutritional status, dialysis adequacy, and eventually the quality of life..

This study sought to determine the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome and to identify whether fibromyalgia was associated with various clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters in hemodialysis patients. One hundred and forty-eight hemodialysis patients were examined for fibromyalgia symptoms according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Demographic characteristics, as well as causes of kidney failure, dialysis duration, and symptoms related to fibromyalgia were investigated. Of 148 patients, 18 (12.2%) were diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Patients with fibromyalgia had significantly poorer sleeping satisfaction than the control group (P =. 02). The Beck Depression Inventory score was higher in 77.8% of the fibromyalgia patients than that in the control group (P =. 006), but there was no significant difference in the anxiety score between the two groups (P =. 86). In conclusion, there was a higher prevalence of fibromyalgia in hemodialysis patients than previously reported. Sleep disturbances and depression levels correlated with fibromyalgia.