فهرست مطالب mehdi zakeiarn

The new conditions of the international system have caused new components to play a role and countries to use new tools to achieve their goals and national interests, the most important of which can be the use of public diplomacy as a tool of soft power. Given that Africa has an important place in the foreign policy of countries, many countries, including China and Turkey, are trying to use the existing capacities on the continent to their advantage and through public diplomacy, the influence of soft power. The question now is how China and Turkey have been able to improve their public diplomacy in Africa. In the present study, first, with a descriptive-analytical approach and using library documents and sources, the analysis of public diplomacy between China and Turkey in Africa has been studied. Then, with systematic method and SWAT matrix analysis, an attempt has been made to present a strategy by examining the collected data, which is one of the innovations of the mentioned article. Therefore, the results indicate that China and Turkey have been able to have successful public diplomacy in Africa by using various cultural, economic, humanitarian, educational, etc. measures and increase their soft power influence on the continent by using offensive strategy.

Strategic culture is often used in relation to factors that are closely related to the “Way of War” of countries but some analysts believe that strategic culture covers a wider range of issues. At a time when many analysts are talking about a chasm in the influence of factors of Iran’s strategic culture during the Islamic Republic, it is possible to see continuity too. The question is how Iran's strategic culture has influenced the construction of regional policy during the Islamic Republic? The final conclusion of discussion, by adopting a discourse and historical-comparative method and applying the theory of discourse analysis and constructivism, is that the discourse of the Islamic Republic led to a change in the Nodal Point of the ruling discourse in Iran, but at the same time, the effect of reproducing strategic culture factors along with three influential macro variables, it has led to the reproduction of the same policies towards countries and the regional system. From this perspective, the findings of this study indicate that a large number of Islamic Republic’s Regional Policies, rather than related to the type of the government in Iran, are influenced by the reproduction of factors of strategic culture like “The experience of being an empire”, “Historical loneliness”, “Being surrounded by enemies” and factors such these. In other words, their foundation is the reproduction of Iran's strategic culture but how they are used, have a close relationship with the Nodal Point of the ruling Discourse.

In recent years, one of the most important events in the region is the issue of changing the foreign strategy of the Israeli regime by using various means against the Islamic Republic of Iran. According to the Israeli National Security Document in 2019 and 2020, Israel intends to launch an Iranophobia project in its new regional strategy, in addition to mobilizing the capacity of the West, led by the United States, to gain immediate support for the regime, especially the Gulf Arabs and Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia will establish relations and, in addition to intensifying the anti-Iranian atmosphere in West Asia, bring with it the practical agreement and consent of the Arabs against the Islamic Republic of Iran. In fact, the key question in this article is what effect has the spread of Iranophobia had on Israel's new regional strategy? The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical. The results of this study confirm that Israel aims to spread Iranophobia due to fears of the Islamic Republic of Iran's influence in the Middle East, and in fact intends to use existing tools such as US support and start a friendship plan with Arab countries in order to work harder to advance the issue of Iranophobia.

Three focal points in the subject of Islamic teachings and human rights can be considered: 1. What are human rights? 2. Where does Islam critique human rights? 3. How is the viewpoint of Islam about human rights? It is clear that human rights in the distant past could have been difficult to enter in religions (Tomuschat, 2008: 18). Islam, like all other religions, did not begin to reconcile with human rights at the outset. It seemed very natural for human rights advocates to extend the rules of freedom of thought, expression, religion, and confrontation with slavery, torture, harsh sentences and executions as a universal belief and value. On the other hand, instead of presenting better ways for the lives of individuals in every religion, a number of religious leaders and scholars from different religions have emphasized points of opposition to human rights. It became perceived that religious laws were in conflict with human rights and some discussed the contradictions of the Shari'a with human rights were raised. This research examines the hypothesis in response to the key question of how reconciliation between human rights and Islam takes place. The authors hypothesize that the shift in the interaction of the Islamic Sharia with Islamic civil law on human rights reduces the link between human rights and Islam. The researcher has used personal studies and research findings.