mehrali hematinezhad

The aim of this study was to identify and classifying stakeholders and providing framework of stakeholders’ participation in school sport decisions.

Methodologically the study was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study consists of experts of the physical education department and health of education ministry, general offices of provinces, cities and towns as well as physical education teachers. Data gathering was done in two steps. First a systematic interview was conducted with 16 specialists in the field of students’ sport to identify the stakeholders, and then a researcher-made questionnaire in line with Freeman's Classification method (2007) and Mitchel’s stakeholders’ salience with confirmed reliability and validity was distributed among the samples for stakeholders’ categorization. For data analysis SPSS software was used.

The results of the study showed that students, teachers and physical education and health department are the most important and primary stakeholders’ and parents and government organizations are the secondary stakeholders’.

The results of the study showed that effective relationship between primary and secondary stakeholders’ and their participation in decision-makings are the most significant factor for the proper performance of schools’ sport.

The aim of this research was provide a model for analyzing the development of the Iranian sports industry system.

The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all experts in the field of sports industry management and development (managers, professors, business owners and sports market specialists). The statistical sample was estimated to be sufficient for smart pls software and were Sampling by Judgmental method (234 persons). The research tool was a questionnaire as researcher-made and excluded from the qualitative phase. Content validity of the tool by experts (20 sports management professors and sports industry managers), Reliability of Cronbach's alpha (0.88) and its construct validity through modeling (fitting indices) was evaluated and validated.Based on the variables modeling the development of the sport industry, including five levels of environment and ecosystem (international environment and national environment), actors and roles (elements of sport and governance), support and structure (resources and processes), interaction and participation (levels of participation). Sport and the areas of the sport industry) and consequence (function and sustainability) are in the sequence of sustainable development, respectively. The results showed that all dimensions of the main variables were significant and all relationships between these variables were significant.Based on the model, the development of the sports industry based on the support of the internal and external environment, playing the role of sports facilities, strategic management capabilities, resource supply and process efficiency, participation in the sports industry and development of the areas to lead to sustainable development of sport.

The aim of this research was provide a model for analyzing the development of the Iranian sports industry system.

The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all experts in the field of sports industry management and development (managers, professors, business owners and sports market specialists). The statistical sample was estimated to be sufficient for smart pls software and were Sampling by Judgmental method (234 persons). The research tool was a questionnaire as researcher-made and excluded from the qualitative phase. Content validity of the tool by experts (20 sports management professors and sports industry managers), Reliability of Cronbach's alpha (0.88) and its construct validity through modeling (fitting indices) was evaluated and validated.

Based on the variables modeling the development of the sport industry, including five levels of environment and ecosystem (international environment and national environment), actors and roles (elements of sport and governance), support and structure (resources and processes), interaction and participation (levels of participation). Sport and the areas of the sport industry) and consequence (function and sustainability) are in the sequence of sustainable development, respectively. The results showed that all dimensions of the main variables were significant and all relationships between these variables were significant.

Based on the model, the development of the sports industry based on the support of the internal and external environment, playing the role of sports facilities, strategic management capabilities, resource supply and process efficiency, participation in the sports industry and development of the areas to lead to sustainable development of sport.

The aim of the present study was to find the cultural measures effective in enhancing security at Iranian football stadiums. It employed an exploratory qualitative research design and the conventional content analysis technique. Thirteen deep Semi-structured interviews were conducted with sports security and spectators' violent and aggression experts. The interviews were continued until they reach the data Theoretical saturation. The collected data were analyzed using open and axial coding. The validity of coding was confirmed by two co-experts by reviewing and controlling the accuracy of the extracted codes and re-coding the interviews. Based on the results, cultural activities aimed at improving the security of football stadiums in the form of seven main themes, including cultural support, planning, and management, academic promotion, Cultural Modeling and transmission of cultural models, acculturation, organizing sports agents, and finally Co-thinking and networking and 23 corresponding categories were extracted and explained. It seems that improving the attendance of spectators in football stadiums and acquainting these people with the customs and culture of attending the stadium through the cultural measures identified in this study and the internalization of positive moral and behavioral characteristics of spectators and other people present in the stadium can be effective in improving the security levels of stadiums.

Educational institutions play a key role in the individuals’ socialization, transmission, and institutionalization of cultural and social values and norms. The present study aims to the role of educational institutions in institutionalizing the culture and etiquette of attending in football stadiums.  It employed an exploratory qualitative research design and the conventional content analysis technique. Thirteen deep semi-structured interviews were conducted with sports security and spectators' violent and aggression experts. The interviews were continued up to the theoretical data saturation. The collected data were analyzed using open and axial coding. The validity of coding was confirmed by two co-experts who reviewed and controlled the accuracy of the extracted codes and re-coding the interviews. The findings showed that educational institutions such as family, media, education, and higher education as four main themes and thirteen categories including cultural acceptance (education of children, families, students, teachers, professors, and citizens), modeling, and transmission of cultural-fan models (production of cultural content, awareness, and information, dissemination, and promotion of cultural models), academic promotion of fandom culture (development of cultural studies and enrichment of textbook content) and cultural co-thinking and networking (interaction and cooperation, and paving the path for the realization of cultural goals) are involved in the formation and institutionalization of culture and etiquette in football stadiums. It seems that paying more attention of educational institutions to the training of sports audiences, trying to modeling and transfer of cultural patterns, and having these institutions’ co-thinking and cooperation can develop people's culture and etiquette in football stadiums, reduce the level of violence and aggression of spectators and other people present in the stadiums, and prevent security incidents.

This study aimed to investigate the effective components in attracting sports tourists to Guilan province. It was a descriptive and survey study based on the Delphi method. The research sample included 12 professors of sports management, tourism management, and tours specialists who have been selected using a purposeful sampling technique. Initially, Delphi courses continued until a theoretical agreement among the experts. The results were analyzed using the Kendall agreement coefficient using the SPSS software version 23. Then, the most important components in attracting sports tourists were identified and ranked by the TOPSIS method through Excel software. Findings showed that the most influential factors were selected included: the managers' familiarity with sports tourism marketing with an average weight of 8.43, cheap and qualified services with an average weight of 8.25, the presence of coastal areas, and easy access to forest and sea with an average weight of 7.90, the presence of professionals and experts with an average weight of 7.82, standard and safe transportation systems with an average weight of 7.75 and proper introduction of the site with an average weight of 7.72, and the expert agreement coefficient: 7.91. The results of the TOPSIS method showed that the management components with a similarity coefficient of 0.717 and the infrastructure components with a similarity coefficient of 0.685 for sports tourists should be strengthened to be able to host more tourists in the future, both in sports and in any other field in Guilan province.

The purpose of present research was to Designing Competitiveness Pattern in Iran's Sports Services Industry.

The present research is practical and descriptive-correlation. Research statistical population is all of managers and experts of sports services organizations, trainers and specialists, business owners active in sports services which statistical samples were selected Purposeful and available. For gathering data was used research-made questionnaire and content validity of questionnaire was confirmed by 14 experts. Also, its reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha (0.964) and composite reliability. To evaluate the fit of the model, Structural Equation Modeling is used from the PAL software.

The results showed that market ecosystem factor has a direct, positive and significant effect on market management (0.182), market making (0.725) and market capability (0.216). The market maker also had a direct, positive and significant effect on market capability (0.660), market management (0.664) and market competitiveness (0.244). In addition, market capability has a direct, positive and meaningful effect on market competitiveness (0.336), but did not have a significant effect on market management (0.001). Finally, the effect of variable market management on the competitiveness (0.173) was positive and significant.

Based on the design framework explained in this study, competitiveness in the market for sports services requires the development of the business ecosystem, the agility of market structure and market functional capabilities, but ultimately by the components of market management Takes place.

In this work, a concise and comprehensive summary of the English extended abstract is presented. It concisely describes the content, subject, objectives, scientific logic or method(s), and the most important findings and conclusions of the research work.

The growth of sports participation institutions such as athletes, spectators, volunteers, coaches, media, and companies has led to the growth of sports as a new industry. Therefore, one of the basic prerequisites for the development of sports is the growth of the participation of different stakeholders, and in fact, the type of participation of stakeholders in the sports industry determines the extent of its development. In this regard, a research review showed that a comprehensive understanding of the factors that determine it, especially the emerging factors, had not yet been provided. The purpose of this work was to design and explain a framework for the conceptual analysis of stakeholder participation in the sports industry in Iran.

The research methodology was a systematic qualitative one. The sources of data collection consisted of two sections: information resources (scientific resources) and human resources (experts) related to the research subject. The studied sources in both sections were estimated sufficiently based on the theoretical saturation and sampled purposefully (24 subjects and 108 copies). The research tool was a transcript of a library study and an exploratory interviewed framework. The validity of the tool was first controlled on the basis of the scientific and legal validity of the individuals and documents, and then from the viewpoint of the experts used to examine the content and formality of the content. In addition, the coefficient of agreement between the scribes was calculated. In order to analyze the findings, the conceptual coding-based framework analysis and design methods were used.

187 identified components were categorized into 5 levels, 9 landscapes, and 31 dimensions that included the level of environment and ecosystem (national and international environment), level of role and actors (elements and guidance), level of support and structure (processes and resources), level of engagement and participation (levels of sport and industry sectors), and level of outcomes and development (functions and sustainability). The general relationships between the variables in the model were plotted. Based on the framework, it can be said that development of the sports industry follows the principles of system management, and its key and strategic factors determine the strategic direction of development in the model so that the managers must base it on the planning, implementation, and evaluation.

The aim of this study was to designing the structural model of student sport development. The research method was Descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts of the physical education department and health in the Ministry of Education, general offices of provinces, cities and districts, Student Sports federation as well as physical education teachers. The number of 249 participants was selected in order to be interviewed to make a final model. The research instruments were a questionnaire made on the basis of theoretical study and an interview with experts. The validity of the instrument using the experts (content), Cronbach's alpha (reliability) and reliability factor (fit) was confirmed. To analyze the findings of structural equation modeling (software PLS) was used.The results revealed that the strategies, processes and pathways factors have a direct and significant effect on the development outcomes, and the stakeholders’ factor also influence the development outcomes through strategies. Based on the results of the research, it can be noted that the student sport development is a dynamic process and stakeholders, strategies, processes and pathways of sport development should work together to achieve the development outcomes. Therefore, policymakers and planners are needed to consider the stakeholders, strategies, processes, and pathways of sport development through developing policies and programs for student sport development.

  By studying the gap between expectations and perceptions of students from services, we can provide the base for developing appropriate programs for the improvement of services. The purpose of this study was to investigate the service quality of Faculty of Physical Education, University of Guilan from the perspective of postgraduate students. This study was descriptive and the statistical population was all postgraduate students of Guilan University, 108 students were randomly selected to participate in the study and respond to the SERVQUAL questionnaire. These questionnaires have three parts including quality of education, research and sport facilities with a Likert scale of 7 (strongly disagree=1 to strongly agree = 7), which evaluate the five dimensions of the services quality (visual elements, reliability, responsiveness, confidence and empathy) in both the perceptions and expectations sections. The visual justifiability tool was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated using internal correlation coefficient in a pilot study. The results of data analysis using the Wilcoxon and Friedman Rankings showed that students' perceptions rating of services quality (current situation) was significantly lower than their expectations in all aspects of services quality including education research and sport facilities of the Faculty of Physical Education, University of Guilan, and in other words there was a negative gap in the research section for all dimensions except responsiveness (P<0.05). Since there was a negative gap in all aspects of the offered services quality, it is suggested that the school administrators and officials could reduce or eliminate the gap by creating formal and informal canals with students. In other hand, right features of meeting students’ expectations as well as improving physical environment, places and education, research and service facilities to reduce the dimensions gap

This study was conducted to identify and analysis effective factor of institutionalize sport culture in children and adolescences. The population was all professors in field of children and adolescence sport (sample=25) people and in quantity sector was physical education teachers in Iran (n=5682), and the sample was (n= 122) teachers, (66 male, 56 female), in year 94-95, sample chosen randomly in 6 city. The instrument was questionnaire, based on Qualities sector of study validity of that proved by 12 university professors and reliability approved (0.82). Factor analysis by varimax rotation showed six factors include Family activities and peer groups, the activities of nongovernmental organizations (private sector and NGOs), the activities of state institutions (sports organizations, schools and media), public and private sector activities, the activities of religious and religious organizations and facilitating activities can predict 49.72 percent of institutionalize sport in children and adolescence in view of sport teachers. Parental information and emotional support in the field of sports (0.76), the construction of sports clubs by gender in the private sector (0.75), having extracurricular activities in school (0.75), up-to-date, accessible The existence and adequacy of sports facilities for children and adolescents (0.84), the presence of clergy in sporting events for children and adolescents (0.69), and the provision of equipment and facilities for athletic activities at home by parents (0.56), respectively Each of these factors is the most effective factor. So effective factor of institutionalize sport culture in children and adolescences must be pay attention by families and country sport planners.

The aim of this study was to assess the research services quality of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Guilan University from the viewpoints of postgraduate students. The population consisted of all postgraduate students of this faculty in the second semester of 2014-2015 academic year (N=162) and 108 students responded to the SERVQUAL questionnaires in both perceptions and expectations of research services quality. Also, Kano questionnaire was used to identify and categorize student's needs. The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by 10 professors. Their reliability was calculated in a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.913 and α=0.954 for perceptions an exceptions questionnaires, α=0.832 for KANO questionnaire). Finally, 9 basic needs were imported into the house of quality of QFD model as the voice of the customer and 13 technical specifications were extracted to improve them. The results of data analysis showed that in all five mentioned dimensions, there was a negative quality gap (P≤0.05). The biggest negative gap was observed in the reliability dimension (-3.04) and financial support of students in research services. The results showed that lack of funding, planning, financial support of projects, not participating in seminars and lack of necessary research infrastructure were barriers and shortcomings of the research sector. It is recommended that research authorities should prioritize funding and attend question-answer meetings to identify student's research needs and to improve research service quality and to reduce the gap in this area.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of coach changes on the performance of football clubs in the Iranian premier league.
The statistical community of the present study contained all the clubs that participated in 12 seasons of Iranian football clubs premier league from 2001 to 2013. The whole data was extracted from the archive of Iran premier league organization and the Foolad Mobarakeh Sepahan sport club. Improvement or degradation of football clubs in each season compared to the previous season based on coach changes or stability was investigated. The data was analyzed with one-way Anova using the Gabriel post hoc test and the independent sample t-test in a significance lower than 0.05.
The results obtained demonstrated that coach stability had a significant effect on the improvement of performance, and successive changes of coaches had a significant impact on degradation of performance. These results showed that the coach changes caused a 1.48 decline in their rank on the league schedule, and coach stability caused a 1.19 improvement in their rank on the league schedule.
Generally, analysis of the results supported the hypothesis that coach stability provided enough time for employing new players and implementation of their tactics and work philosophy that eventually improved the performance of the clubs.

Nowadays, employees constitute the core competency of hotel industry which can generate a sustainable competitive advantage. So far, brand equity research has been concentrated on the improvement of the relationship between customers and the organization; however, brand equity can also be formed from the perspective employees. In this research, sampling method was accidental and the data was obtained from 246 employees at a five-star hotel in Shiraz city. To test the validity of questionnaires, convergent validity and content validity are used. Reliability test is performed by cronbach's alpha (0/79) and composite reliability methods. Structural equation modeling techniques and smart PLS software were selected for verifying the hypotheses. Results show a significant relationship between employees perceived brand knowledge with employees brand commitment and also employees perceived brand role relevance with employees brand commitment. There was significant relationship between employees perceived brand knowledge and employees perceived brand role relevance with employee brand equity. The relationship between employee commitment and employee brand equity is also confirmed. The research also showed that there is a significant relationship between employee brand equity with employee brand endorsement, employee brand allegiance and employee brand consistent behavior.
The hotel industry is a significant part of the tourism industry worldwide and its employees play a key role in delivering the service product, it's to customers. Excellent service provided by employees can create lasting positive experiences for customers. Under keen competition in tourist hotel industry, how employees offer the best service to customers has become the most important issue for hotel administrators (Tsaur et al, 2004). Employees being the primary ambassadors of brands in the hospitality industry, it is important that they perceive their role responsibility in delivering the brand promise to customers. Within the hospitality industry, where the final product is co-created by both customers and employees, the role of the employee is emphasized as a conduit in the establishment of customer brand relationships (Xiong et al, 2013). Since acquiring external brand equity (based on the customer) through the acquisition and strengthening internal brand equity (based on the employee), it is possible (Hosseini et al, 2013). in order to make effective communication with Customers hotels employees need to understand your brand equity and become brand ambassadors.
In tourism industry, brand ambassadors are employees who can bring ideal experience for customers, as a result, it is essential that employees behave consistent with the organization's brand. Kandampully and Duddy (2001) promote the need for tourism managers to identify innovative ways to extend employee behavior. Previous research in the field of brand ambassadors include Olwen (2012), Rehmet and Dinnie (2013) and Singh (2010). Xiong et al. (2013) have stated that employees brand understanding the critical factor in achieving the brand's ambassadors.
Since employees serve as brand ambassadors during service encounters, their understanding of the brand identity and service skills becomes crucial in effective brand management. Employees brand understanding (brand knowledge, brand importance, brand relevance, brand confidence and role clarity) determine their level of brand commitment (Xiong & King, 2013). The most important measure in determining brand equity is commitment in internal branding research (Kwon, 2013). The concept of employee-based brand equity – which we define as the value that a brand provides to a firm through its effects on the attitudes and behaviors of its employees (Tavassoli et al, 2014). Hadizadeh Moghadam (2012), King (2010), Xiong & King (2013), Kimpakorn and Tocquer (2009) have examined the role of employees in hotels. Since Shiraz as a major tourist city and pilgrimage, has great potential in tourism development, hotel employees’ behavior can increase the tendency of tourists to stay in city hotels. Therefore, in this study, employee brand equity has examined as a result that employees can become brand ambassadors and act as a representative of their hotel. The purpose of this study was to examine employee brand understanding, confidence, role clarity, and commitment on employee brand equity, which ultimately can lead to brand endorsement, brand allegiance and employee brand consistent behavior. According to previous studies, there are little studies in the field of employee's brand equity and their role as brand ambassadors.
Material and This applied research has been built upon data gathered through questionnaires distributed among 246 employees of five-star hotels in Shiraz using non-probability method. To check the validity of questionnaires, content validity and convergent validity are applied while for testing the reliability, Cronbach's alpha (0/79) and composite reliability are used. To test the hypothesis, structural equation modeling method using smart PLS software has chosen.
Discussion and Results indicate a significant relationship between perceived knowledge and perceived relational role of brand with commitment and brand equity from the perspective of employees. The link between employee commitment and brand equity also confirmed.
The study also showed that the relationship among employee based brand equity, brand endorsement, brand allegiance and brand consistent behavior is significant.

Identification of factors and strategies identified in tourism recreation and sports can grow and spread in the community and ultimately help its institutionalization in the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the development of tourism recreation and sports in the province so that more people could participate in recreation activities. Research method was descriptive survey was done as a field. The population of this research managers and experts, academics, and educators aware of the Development of Sport, The sample in sufficient numbers (241) and targeted and available to participate in the research and answered the questions. The research tools included a researcher made Press presented with 66 statements with Likert method and the valuation of five choices for each (very small, small, pretty, high, very high), produced and used it placed. The validity by experts (n = 15), the reliability by Cronbach's alpha (94/0) was approved. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test results show that the rules and regulations of the factors of management and operating aspects of resources, including human resources, finance, technology and equipment are significant abnormal distribution and other natural distributed later. Finally, conclusions and Prioritization of various aspects of the study, showed that the importance of this dimension in all four behavioral factors, resources, environmental management and have a significant impact on the development of sport.

The purpose of this study was comparative surveying of athletic identity of Iranian Super League Handball players and leading behavior of their coaches based on team performance. The statistical society includes all the working players in handball Super League (n=144). The survey’s materials have been Leadership questionnaires of LSS (conduct scale) and athletic identity questionnaires (AIMS Plus) with reliability of (93%) and (89%) respectively. Also for evaluation of the performance of teams, final chart of league based on points difference and ranks of teams were divided into three parts. For analyzing the data, kolmogrov-smirnov tests, ANOVA and Gabriel post hoc test, Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tracing measuring and SPSS software have been used (p≤0/05). Results of comparing coaches’ leadership styles showed that training and instruction leadership styles, social support style, positive feedback style and democratic style among the coaches of successful, less successful and unsuccessful had significant differences (p

This study aimed at identifying critical factors affecting the security of Iranian football stadiums and prioritizing them using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for future decisions. In the qualitative stage of the study, the main factors affecting the security of Iranian football stadiums were identified in 12 semi-structured interviews with experts. In the quantitative stage, 17 experts completed AHP questionnaires and compared identified factors in a pairwise manner. 4 factors, namely infrastructure, physical protection of the stadiums, game planning and management and personnel and staff were recognized as those main factors affecting the security of the stadiums. The results of Analytical Hierarchy Process indicated that the infrastructure (weight=0.460) played the most important role in the security of Iranian football stadiums, followed by stadium physical protection (0.204), game planning and management (0.173), and personnel and staff (0.162) respectively. It can be stated that numerous factors affect the enhancement of security levels in football stadiums; however, based on the results of this study, investment in infrastructure, particularly stadium design and building and stadium technology was identified as a critical area that requires attention to improve the security of the Iranian football stadiums.