فهرست مطالب mehran ebrahimi shah-abadi

The development of societies relies on the type and manner of activities performed at universities. Professors play a pivotal role in the development of universities and societies. Assessment of professors’ motivation and behavior and factors affecting them can improve the educational system and increase its performance. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Physician Teaching Motivation Questionnaire (PTMQ) from the viewpoint of clinical professors at Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS).

This is an instrument psychometric study in which the questionnaire’s validity was determined through the face and content validity and its construct validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was determined through the calculation of Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient and consistency between agreers. The data were analyzed in SPSS 23 and LISREL 8.8.

The results showed that all 18 items had acceptable content validity (0.68-0.97). The Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.81 and 0.86, respectively. The number of items remained unchanged at 18 according to exploratory factor analysis which classified them into six categories (intrinsic motivation, identified motivation, introjected motivation, career motivation, external motivation, and teaching assistant motivation) and explained 54% of the total variance of the mentioned variables. Also, the value of CFI was equal to 0.93 and the value of Cohen’s kappa was between 0.77 and 0.84.

The Persian version of PTMQ is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used for research, educational, and practical purposes to evaluate the teaching motivation of clinical professors in other groups.

PNS (Peripheral nervous system) disease comprises a wide range of manifestations from acruable damage to nerve body degeneration. Finding proper imaging sequences of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) to maximize the detection sensitivity and specificity of PNS injuries, is the purpose for which this study was conducted. In this regard, due to Wallerian degeneration, axonal degeneration and inflammation after nerve injury, were mentioned as the inseparable factors of nerve damage, and clues to be detected by the MRI. Gadofluorine M and USPIO nanoparticles are candidates which provide contrast in multiple aspects, such as diagnostic approaches and drug tracking. For instance, the P904 USPIO particle is proper for long-term monitoring, while the CS015 (PAA-coated USPIO), USPIO-PEG-tLyP-1, and USPIO nanovesicles are appropriate for drug delivery. Besides contrast agents, the implication of gradient echo or 3D DW-PSIF provides more precious data over conventional sequences, including T2-weighed on the physiological or pathological PNS status. Eventually, although the real-time imaging and simplified procedure of the ultrasound technique have advantages over MRI, the low-resolution disvalues its benefits. Alternatively, there is a growing trend in the application of Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to acquire a clear concept of disease diagnosis, along with Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to successfully monitor the rate of nerve regeneration that is applicable for therapeutic approaches.

Diclofenac (DIC) is an NSAID that can cause toxic effects in animals and humans and carvacrol (CAR) is a monoterpene compound that displays effective pharmacological and biological actions. The purpose of this work was to assess the influences of CAR on DIC‑induced liver injury and oxidative stress in male rats.

The male Wistar rats were segregated into four groups. Group 1, the control group; Group 2 received DIC‑only (10 mg/kg BW, p.o); Group 3, received CAR‑only (10 mg/kg BW, p.o), and group 4 received DIC plus CAR. The serum levels as well as the activity of several liver‑associated markers, and oxidative and anti‑oxidant compounds were tested. The expression of pro‑inflammatory mediators was also studied using the qRT‑PCR analysis.

Our results showed that DIC treatment was associated with the elevation in the serum levels of liver‑related markers together with the increase in the serum and the hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC). Moreover, DIC reduced the activity of the antioxidant system in the rats and increased lymphocyte infiltration into the hepatocytes. CAR; however, protected the hepatocytes from the toxic effects of DIC by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Glutathione (GSH). By diminishing the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, CAR was also capable of preventing the inflammatory effects of DIC on liver cells.

The findings of this study indicated that the administration of CAR could alleviate the noxious effects of DIC on the antioxidant defense system and liver tissue.

To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the T cell-exosome on breast cancer MCF-7, lung cancer A549 and liver carcinoma HepG2 cells. Human T cell derived exosomes were isolated from T cell using ultracentrifugation. The expression of the CD9 and CD81 in T cell and T cell-derived exosome, and exosome morphology was assessed using western blotting and TEM image, respectively. The anti-cancer effect of the exosome on cancer cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay. Also, the apoptotic cell percentages in treated cells were assessed by Annexin/PI staining and flowcytometry. According to results, exosome therapy resulted in a reduction in the viability of the MCF-7, lung cancer A549 and liver carcinoma HepG2 cells within 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment. As well, exposure with exosomes resulted in an improvement in the apoptosis of the all cell lines within 48 hours of treatment. Concerning the results, T cell derived exosome could be an effective plan for treating human solid tumors.

Different observational studies and randomized trials attempted to show advantages as well as limitations of surgical approaches for improvement in patients’ quality of life (QOL) suffering hyperthyroidism caused by the Graves´ disease (GD). We aimed to systematically examine the impact of surgery (thyroidectomy) on different components of QOL in patients with GD. Two reviewers began to deeply search the various databases of article published including Medline, Web of knowledge, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library for all eligible studies in accordance with the considered keywords. In final, seven articles were eligible for the final analysis that published between 2012 and 2019. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software was employed for analysis. Assessing the level of quality of life using SF-36 tool showed significantly increase in both physical component score (weighted mean differences of 0.428, p <0.001) and psychological component score (weighted mean differences of 0.277, p <0.001) postoperatively compared with the baseline values. The assessment of QOL using the Thy PRO questionnaire also showed significantly improvement in total QOL score after surgery compared with before that (weighted mean differences of -1.466, p <0.001). We revealed considerably improving both physical and mental aspects of QOL following surgery in Graves’ disease.