mehrane mehramiz

Breast cancer is among the leading causes of cancer death in women. Despite extensive efforts to identify novel prognostic and predictive clinical biomarkers, a very small number of markers have been reported as risk stratification biomarkers (e.g., BRCA1/2 and HER2). The substitution of arginine with lysine in codon 497 of HER1 497 has been suggested as a potential marker in breast cancer. This study attempted to explore the association between HER1 497 gene polymorphisms with pathological and clinical information of breast cancer patients.

110 breast cancer patients were recruited followed by genomic DNA extraction and genotyping using Taqman-PCR and sequencing. The associations of this genetic variant were evaluated with breast cancer risk and pathological information of patients.

Our data showed that 9.43% of cases had AA genotype, while these frequencies in AC and CC genotypes were 77.35% and 13.20%, respectively. Moreover, we found that 78.4% of breast cancer patients with M0 had AA+AC genotypes, while 21.6% of CC cases had M0 status. Furthermore, 22.7% of these cases with CC genotype had N0/1. Interestingly, we observed that most of the patients with CC genotype had lower HER2 expression.

Our finding showed the potential association of CC genotype of HER1 497 with the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to explore the prognostic value of this marker in a larger and multi-center setting in breast cancer.

Annually, millions of Muslims all over the world observe the fasting rules based on its measures; this highlights the importance of studies in this field as a worthwhile model for intermittent fasting. It is obvious that changes in lifestyle over fasting have outstanding effects on physiological parameters. The current study was carried out to investigate the IOP and serum electrolytes as two important factors that are influenced by human lifestyle.
Eighty-nine fasting and healthy participants including men and women with mean age of 34.97 were included in our study based on the inclusion and exclusion parameters. During this project, Ramadan coincided with the summer (between June and July 2015). All participants were monitored by an expert examiner and blood samples were collected and IOP was measured by tonometer (Topcon, 1-75, Hasunuma-cho, Itabashi-KU, Tokyo, Japan 2014). The participants were examined one week before and one week after Ramadan.
There was a significant reduction in physiological IOP in healthy people after Ramadan. In line with this, the serum electrolytes were altered by fasting so that Na, K, Se experienced a significant decrease while serum phosphorous increased (P Prolonged intermittent fasting in Ramadan changed IOP and serum electrolytes in healthy people within a normal range.

Malnutrition is a prevalent problem in hospitalized patients, causing a wide range of negative clinical and economic challenges. Protected mealtimes (PM) aim to enhance the quality of mealtime experience, improve nutrient status in hospitalized patients, and limit all non-essential interruptions so that patients might eat in a clean, quiet, and safe environment.
This study is a clinical audit and was conducted in Mashhad teaching hospitals in order to evaluate mealtime interruptions that occurred among non-nutritional staff and influenced their food intake. Data were collected by direct observation. Lunchtime was chosen for audit because medical interruptions were more likely to happen during this meal. Two researchers (one dietitian, student and one dietetic assistant) observed lunch mealtime. The mealtime environment was monitored, and every negative interruption was registered. Exclusion criteria included patients who were nil-by-mouth or received enteral or parenteral nutrition.
A total of 208 patients were involved in the audit. The recorded negative interruptions included medical round, educational round, nurses’ change-of-shift, and activities of environmental service workers. Among interruptions, both medical round and nurses’ change-of-shift were the most frequent. All mealtime interruptions summarized to medical round (2.5%) (including serum replace, drug injection, and IV replace), change-of-shift (2.5%), environmental-service-worker activities (2%), and educational round (2%).
Our study demonstrated that non-urgent interruptions during mealtimes were not adhered to PM guidelines, indicating the importance of addressing mealtime related issues in hospitals.